MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of apex locater in determination of working length during endodontic work with that of conventional radiograph. A total of 24 mandibular teeth in patients (40-60 years) were used in this study. Working length for each tooth was measured using root ZX apex locater and conventional radiography. Results of this study revealed that twenty one readings obtained by the apex locator were shorter than readings obtained by radiographs; two cases were the same readings and only one case in which the reading by apex locator was more than the reading by radiograph. In conclusion the electronic apex locater (EAL) can be used for estimation of the working length and it is almost as the same as the conventional radiographs but with an important advantage which is the less radiation hazards.

Objectives: Odontogenic cysts are one of the commonest bone destroying lesions of the maxillofacial skeleton, with the inflammatory radicular cyst being the most common jaw cyst.
Cell adhesion molecules are known to be essential mediators of white blood cell adhesion & extravasations during inflammatory & immune reaction.
Materials & Methods: Twelve formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded radicular cysts were studied using LSAB/HRP immunohistochemical technique.
Results: ICAM-1 expression was significantly high in radicular cysts with high expression in inflammatory cells infiltrate & connective tissue cells in cyst wall in comparison to VCAM-1 expression.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the identification of the nature of adhesion molecules & inflammatory mediators involved not only expanded our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms but also provided the basis for a new understanding of the inflammatory response & its role in tissue homeostasis.

Objectives: Salivary glands tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasm with widely variable histopathologic and biologic characteristics. Alteration in some proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to the development and progression of these tumors. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of P53 and bcl-2 in some salivary gland tumors in relation to tumor size, histological grade and extent of invasion.
Study Design: The series consisted of 22 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of salivary glands tumors collected from the files of Oral pathology Department./College of Dentistry/ Baghdad University. The specimens consisted of (10) benign salivary gland tumors ( Pleomorphic Adenomas) and (12) malignant salivary gland tumors [ (2) Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma, (3) Muco-Epidermoid Carcinoma, (2) Adenocarcinoma (5) Adenoid cystic carcinoma]. These were analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of P53 and bcl-2 in their cell types.
Results: Pleomorphic Adenoma showed negative expression of P53 and bcl-2 in 70% of cases, whereas all malignant salivary glands tumors were positive for P53 and bcl-2. P53 and bcl-2 immune-reactivity were associated with larger tumor size, higher tumor grade and greater extent of invasion without reaching statistical significance level.
Conclusion: P53 expression could be used as a useful tumor marker for malignant transformation of Pleomorphic adenoma and bcl-2 expression could be used as a useful monitor for measuring the aggressiveness of these neoplasms.

Digital panoramic radiographs were analyzed to study the shape, appearance, relative vertical and horizontal position of mental foramen in both dentate and edentulous patients
Digital panoramic radiographs were made to 144 patients, 76 dentate, (38 female and 38 male) and 68 edentulous, (30 female and 38 male). The age distribution of them was ranging between (24 – 73) years old. Mental foramen was unidentified on both sides ( right and left ) on 8 radiographs , so these 8 radiographs were excluded from the sample , which are consisting 5.5 % of the total sample . While mental foramen was unidentified on only one side ( either right or left ) of a radiograph , was included within the sample , which means that 136 radiographs (272 sides ) were included in this study 72 dentate (144 sides ) and 64 edentulous (128 sides ) radiographs . Chi – square test was used to compare the shape and the appearance of mental foramen between the two groups (dentate and edentulous), while Student t – test was used to compare the relative vertical and horizontal position of mental foramen between them.
The comparison between dentate and edentulous groups showed no significant difference in the shape and appearance of mental foramen when Chi- square test was used. While the comparison using Student t- test showed a highly significant difference between the two groups in relative vertical position , and a significant difference in relative horizontal position of mental foramen .
No significant difference was found in the shape and appearance of mental foramen on the digital panoramic radiograph, for both dentate and edentulous patients, while the vertical and horizontal positions of mental foramen were not constant between them.

Orthopantomogram is a radiographic technique that improves the possibility of early detection of dental anomalies.
This study was representing a base line diagnostic information which obtained from each patient utilizes orthopantomogram in x-ray clinic at hospital of Surgeries Specialization (ALshaheed Addnan previously).
Data was collected from randomly chosen 696 dentate patients who were radiographed for different reasons. The age range was between 5-45years.
Results revealed that, the main reason for taking orthopantomograms was to investigate different orthodontic problems (41.4%), then impacted teeth (25%), facial fractures due to trauma (13.7%), mixed dentition development (11.5%), and finally periodontal diseases (8.3%). High percentage of patients was in range of age group between (5-15) (51.1%).
This study focuses on the importance of using orthopantomograms as a most indispensable method on achieving complete diagnostic information.
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Background: In order to evaluate the impacted mandibular third molar preparation there are many radiographic techniques used include conventional and digital techniques, the aim of the study is to establish the use of digital fluoroscopy in evaluation of impacted mandibular third molar.
Material and Method: - Digital fluoroscopy and conventional bisecting line angle techniques were done for 20 Iraqi adult males 20 -25 years with class one normal occlusion according to angle classification. Measurements were done according to classification system which includes angulations relation to the ramous, depth of impaction, nature of overlying tissue, root morphology, relation to second molar, and its relation to inferior dental canal.
Results: It was revealed that there are non significant differences in radiographic assessments of impacted mandibular third molar between digital fluoroscopy and conventional bisecting line angle technique for all classification systems of impacted mandibular third molar at P ≤ 0.01.
Conclusion:-The value received from this study showed that digital fluoroscopy could be applied as a diagnostic tool in presurgical evaluation of impacted mandibular third molar.

Parathyroid hormones are playing an important role in maintaining calcium ion level in blood.
The present study was design to evaluate the effect of parathyroid hormone is on bone in developing embryos.
Ten albino pregnant rats were used in this study who 0.5 mg of parathyroid hormone as a tablets was given in drinking water from first day of gestation till delivery day (21).
Treated embryos (No.50) of one day old were evaluated in comparison to control (No.50) radiographically and by measuring weight and size of the head.
The results showed significant variation with low bone density in treated embryos.
The study showed that parathyroid hormone can effect in the metabolism and in development of bone.

Improving the oral health status through out a group directed periodontal health educational programs was and still as one of the most applied strategies in field of dental and periodontal disease prevention. Eighty systemically fit undergraduate dental students were randomly chosen and allocated into two groups (control and experimental). A two-lecture educational program was carried out for both groups, but Students in the experimental group were instructed to use their mobile phone reminder to remind them the time of performing oral hygiene practice. Results of this research clearly reflect the proposed positive effect of the educational program on the oral health status of the participant and highly significant improvement was recorded for those who use the mobile reminder.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relative influence of diabetes mellitus on periodontal parameters and to correlate between glucose content of saliva and blood in diabetics and non diabetics
Material and method: Total samples composed of 105 participants. Group I composed from 35 healthy subjects, group II composed from 35 patients were well controlled diabetics and 35 patients were moderately and poorly controlled diabetics. The periodontal parameters which included Plaque Index (PL.I) and gingival index (G.I) were recorded.
Whole saliva samples were collected for determination of glucose and total protein.
Results: The mean value of glucose in saliva was higher in group II (1.769±0.972) and in group III (4.054±2.851) compared to group I (0.993±0.331). Inter group comparison for PL.I showed that there was a significant difference between group I and group II, while was no significant difference between group II and group III at P-value>0.05.
The mean G.I in group II and group III were elevated compared with group I. There was weak or no correlation between periodontal and biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: Diabetic groups showed significant difference in periodontal parameters compared to control group with significant difference between group II and group III. Also significant increase in glucose and total protein of saliva in diabetic groups compared to control group.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in saliva and severity of periodontal disease
Material and method: Twenty five periodontitis patients were divided into two subgroups according to severity of periodontal disease (fifteen patients with probing pocket depth (PPD) <6mm and ten patients with PPD>6mm). Clinical examination which included measurement of both PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) were carried out before and after initial periodontal treatment in addition to assessment of 8-OHdG in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
Result: Salivary level of 8-OHdG in those with PPD >6mm was higher than those with PPD<6mm. Also this study evaluated 8-OHdG levels in GCF, it was detected only in periodontitis patients with PPD>6mm (mean PPD = 7.34) and only in some cases (4 out of 10).
Conclusion: These data suggest that periodontally-involved teeth with deep pockets are a major source of salivary 8-OHdG levels may prove to be useful identifying patients with teeth of hopeless prognosis.

Sixty stainless steel brackets were divided into two groups, group I used coarse mesh base type (Dentaurum); group II used casted mesh base type (Orthoorganizer). Each group was subdivided into three sub groups (Ten brackets for each), all the brackets were bonded to sixty sound freshly extracted human upper first premolars teeth using Microfilled composite material cured with light emitted diode (LED) light cure unit. The first sub group was bonded with 5th generation bonding system; the second group was bonded with 6th generation bonding system, while the third sub group bonded with 7th generation bonding system.
The results of this study revealed that the 7th generation shows higher shear bond strength than other two groups. The brackets with casted mesh type base demonstrate higher shear bond strength than brackets with coarse mesh type base.

Four groups of adult Wistar Kyoto rats each consist of 6 animals. The rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. Wounds of Group 1 rats were kept without treatment throughout the experiment. Wounds of Group 2, 3 and 4 were topically applied with fresh unprocessed Yemen's honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, respectively. The rates of wound healing were assessed in all animals. Wounds treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, significantly healed earlier and much faster as compared to wound s of Group 1 animals. Wounds of Group 4 animals treated with honey Al-Jawa/H, significantly accelerate wound healing compared to wound treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani or Al-Jardani There were no significant differences between honey Al-Dawa'ani And honey 2 Al-Jardani in the term of duration of wound healing. Histologically, dermal wounds treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, were rapidly replaced by granulation tissue and advancing epithelialization compared to wound of Group 1 rats. These results indicated the beneficial effects of honey Al-Jawahi for the acceleration of wound healing process in rats.

Information concerning tooth size in human population is important for clinician, since it may explore the role of genes and their possible effect on the dental characters, as the tooth size and morphology served as genetic markers.
Aims of study: to compare the mesiodistal crown width of patient with Down's syndrome to that of control norms and explore the possible irregularities between the left and right side for both jaws in different sexes and to totaled and computed the Bolton ratios for the different groups.
Material and methods: This study was conducted on 58 patients with Down's syndrome aged (13-21) years; the mesiodistal crown dimension was estimated for the upper and lower permanent teeth and compared with those of control group matching the age and the Angle classification (Class 1)
Results showed a non significant sexual dimorphism in both arches and showed a similar size order distribution to the control group .but the mean width value of the Down's patient significantly smaller than that of norms with some exceptions, these factors make the Bolton value to increase to a great extent than the original one

A twenty-six years male, presented to the oral surgery clinic, complaining from recurrent sub mandibular swelling in the left side, due to sub mandibular stone in the left Wharton's duct. The size of the stone is relatively large. In this case report, we will discuss the possible cause for such large size of the stone and the technique of surgical removal.

Congenital missing of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars is relatively common, but anodontia or oligodontia is rare and may be associated with ectodermal dysplasia. In this study, it was found that among (379) prosthodontic patients, one patient had anodontia representing (0.26 %) of the cases and need complete denture for esthetic and functional demands, and two patients had oligodontia representing (0.52 %). These percentages were higher than other studies in the world, may be due to environmental and / or congenital causes.

Background: In this study the forces required to dislodge poorly fitting maxillary complete denture where compared with saliva alone and at different time intervals with the use of three types of denture adhesives, one paste type (Fittydent) and two cream types (Protefix and Incydent).
Materials and Methods: Ten subjects with age range between 47-65 years Who wore a maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were selected for this study with their maxillary dentures are lacked sufficient retention(poorly fitting), the dislodgment forces were measured with the aid of a strain gauge force transducer and strain measuring device. The measurements were performed with saliva alone as a control interface medium and at different time intervals (baseline, 1 hour, and 2 hours) after the application of the adhesives.
Results: Comparing dislodgement forces using t-test show a highly significant difference (P<0.ooo1) in the amount of retention for all adhesives used at different time intervals in comparison to its values with saliva alone. The Fittydent adhesive paste show a highly significant difference in comparison to Protefix and Incydent adhesives cream at different time intervals.
Conclusion: All denture adhesives used were improved the retention of poorly fitting maxillary complete denture but the Fittydent adhesive paste was more effective in increasing the retention than Protefix and Incydent adhesives cream.