Journal of the planner and development

The majority of countries in the world suffer from rapid urbanization, which is associated with many problems as a result of the absence of integrated regional policies of development. One of the most important solutions is urban sprawl, a decentralization way to overcome the effects and problems of rapid urbanization. Hence the research problem in the lack of clarity of urban sprawl policies to solve the problem of overcrowding and overpopulation. The objective of the research is to determine the urban sprawl policies to solve the problem of overcrowding and overpopulation, the research hypothesis is that urban sprawl policies actively contribute to solving congestion and overpopulation problems. The research has come to define these policies and analyze an experience for each of them extracting the elements of success or the reasons for its failure to come up with the useful results in the success of those policies in solving the problem of overcrowding and overpopulation.

Urban waterfronts are vital components of the urban landscape for cities with such areas. There are legal as well as planning implications for optimizing land uses within. An essential element to a successful policy for developing land strips along the river basin is a clear definition backed by a legal framework. A review of number of examples from different parts of the world indicates no universal approach to dealing with areas adjacent to water bodies . A survey of land uses along the waterfront of the city of Baghdad clearly indicates underutilization, which constitute a social and economic loss to urban residents.

Residential usage is one of the most important and biggest uses of land taking approximately (50-60%) of the different land use. Residential usage has received big attention and interest of many researchers and planners are interested in the development and implementation of different foundations and standards in order to create a residential environment that is compatible to the necessities of a proper and comfortable life.
Infrastructure services provide an effective and vital role, therefore; they are considered as one of the most important matters must be met for a sustainable life. Accordingly due to the growth and improvement happening in all aspects of life; it has become necessary to originate successful methods for the purpose of providing and approving proper services.
The inability of authorities (the public sector) to provide infrastructure services that commensurate with the requirements of modern life in our cities, in which the study area is one of them, has become clearly obvious. With the increasing duties and responsibilities of public sector in managing many and complex joints of life, it has became difficult to provide and support services that are characterized by high-class global standards therefore; certain requirements and measures need to be taken. And due to the presence of private sector, and has the ability to keep pace with the technological and technical advances regarding the administrative and technical level, it has become a commitment to orientation this sector as a successful alternative.
From here, we emphasize the importance to study the role of the private sector in providing infrastructure services for housing sector, and to focus on the effective role it provides for a convenient and comfortable residential environment. Based on this, the research enfolded on studying the mechanisms that privatize these services, these will be achieved by analyzing their properties and their role in creating services that respond to the increasing requirements of life.

The purpose of this study is firstly; to find the urban configuration of new residential project (Zanko's Village) in Erbil city, to examine the efficiency of the urban spaces design at the local and global level by using space syntax theory (Depth Map 10),that gives for planner clear understanding for the whole systemby determining two type of spaces had been defined by Bill Hillier as integrated and segregated spaces. The main goal is to determine the most integrated and segregated spaces which enables planner to choice the best location for urban activities, from other hand to examine the intelligibility of the system where the intelligibility is an attribute to make place more cognizable for city's dweller and enables to move through the city easily to reach the destination point. The research problem represents


about confusing in disposition of urban activities, from other hand the accessibility of activities depends on intelligibility of the system, therefore space syntax considers an active tool to discover the spatial structure of the city and to give different categorize of urban spaces. The hypotheses of the research:
1- The relationships between urban spaces, locally and globally have been influenced by the spatial patterns of the city.
2- The gridiron plan achieves a high degree of intelligibility.
To attain research goals, and examine research hypotheses will be adopted the following methodology:
- Analytical-descriptive method to establish a theoretical base to understand the urban structure including the main concepts and definitions.
- Mathematical method to establish quantitative base to measure space syntax parameters, and to reach the intelligibility of the system by the correlation between variables.
Finally the research submits a set of conclusions concerns to the syntactical analysis of study area, and other quantitative measures to understand city structure.

The study named" Determine Suggestions to solve Informal Housing problems"is aimed to determine Informal Housing regions and scientific study for the phenomenon in Baghdad, This study is prepared within the framework of defining the concept of informal regions and the difference factors that led to its beginning and distribution, Then highlight the most important Issues and results of these regions.
The time interval for the study is between (2003) to (2008) in (14) municipalities which represent the main design of Baghdad city, which witness the increased and spread of this phenomenon for the above interval.

Also the study extends to some Neighbourhoods Unit in order to find out the increasing amount in Informal housing after 2008 to 2010.
The study proved the presence of many problems that Baghdad city suffering, because of Informal housing, and in order to find the suitable solutions via questionnaire of concerned opinion of executive authorities and the planners opinion makers.
The study results are that there is semi general agreement for refusing the Informal housing as it is, because this phenomenon is make defeat in social and economical sides and the town scape for the city,especially in Baghdad center and the interior, and the excepting of this phenomenon from some opinion makers in external regions of the city by suitable approach that the study deals with .
This study then makes some conclusions and recommendations that hopefully will contribute to addressing the problem on one side and prevent its appearance and increasing on the other side, hoping to take advantage from it, in any future planning process concerning this phenomenon.

Policies appropriate spatial development planning has played a prominent and important role in the activation of spatial development processes with appropriate selection of positive results in the reconstruction and improvement of the previous methods in that area. In this sense, the research examines the possibility of choosing substantive planning and policies proposed for Anbar province for the years 2010-2020, propose policies development The study found after using the method of quantitative analysis (hierarchical AHP analysis method) as and a calendar for the year 2030 that the third policy is decentralized development policy is comprehensive and appropriate policy better between the proposed development policies, the use of sensitivity analysis and weights (multi-criteria decision MCDM)