Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The Qur’anic exegesis is the most beneficial science, and you have spent your enthusiasm and effort in it. Because the Glorious Qur’an is an inexhaustible sea, and its wonders do not perish through it. And for what was written in the interpretation of the Book of God, Imam Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (may God have mercy on him).He is among the group of our distinguished former scholars, they did not leave a chapter without knocking on it, and there is no knowledge without knowing its usefulness without taking it. His sciences are numerous, his sources are numerous, and some of his books are printed, some of which are in limbo.
That is why I wanted to contribute to the realization of this book: (Fath Al-Mannan in the Interpretation of the Qur’an) by Imam Qutb Al-Din Al-Shirazi (may God have mercy on him) this blessed effort and great work, with which he served the Glorious Book of God, and he was mentioned in this world, and a reward in the next.

Our venerable scholars, “may God have mercy on them,” left behind a scientific wealth that filled the world’s libraries, and therefore these books and literature have placed the student of knowledge in front of a religious duty that lies in making an effort to work on showing that wealth and revealing it to the whole world to come out of the coffers of manuscripts into circulation until It can be used easily in appreciation of the efforts of scholars in the service of the science of Exegesis of the Book of God Almighty, including the compiler Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi “may God have mercy on him” and link the exegetical heritage to the present through the investigation of texts and comment on them, and the study of what it contains of issues, cults and opinions unique to its authors to draw from it those who wanted science and knowledge By the true religion of God, especially in our time when the Islamic nation and the Islamic religion are subjected to the most heinous and fiercest attacks; In order to obliterate the features of religion and its effects.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, and on his household and. The Glorious Qur'an is the eternal constitution of Islam, its surviving miracle, and the resource that we frequent, we will never dispense with it. Allah Almighty has commanded us to accept the Glorious Qur'an, recitation, contemplation, and work, and to make it a platform for our lives, and food for our souls to obtain a happy life in the shadow of His guidance, and to enjoy the happiness of this world and the hereafter. , It was one of the most honorable sciences and the highest level of agreement is the science of Exegesis, and since the science of Exegesis is the best science, many scientists in the Exegesis, with different methods of classification, and benefited late ones . One of these distinguished scholars has a famous Exegesis of the Book of God Almighty and benefited researchers in various fields, is the scholar Abu Ali al-Fadl bin al-Hassan al- Tabarsi , the author of the Exegesis of (Al-Bayan Complex). Commentators used different formulas indicating weighting, the mark Tabarsi was a model of those who used formulas that indicate weighting, the goal of this research, is to identify those formulas briefly and then display models of issues in which I used the mark Tabarsi formulas indicate weighting as well as elaborating on the topic in question in detail.

The Glorious Qur’an is the source of legislation, and the basis for the monotheism of God, the Majestic and Exalted, so every letter or word has a meaning, and its repetition has significance and wisdom. To serve the Glorious Qur’an, whose gifts are inexhaustible, its wonders do not expire, and its wonders do not perish. The importance of any research lies in the importance of the subject that it deals with in the study, and it is related to the interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an, which God Almighty revealed as a guidance and mercy to the worlds.

In this research, I dealt with the method and approach that Sheikh Al-Fadl bin Al-Hassan Al-Tabarsi (d. 548 AH) followed in interpreting the Qur’anic texts, especially the third part of his exegesis, which included the two surahs of Al-Nisa’ and Al-Ma’idah, relying on the Glorious Qur’an and the traditions of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), his household (PBUT) and Followers (May God be pleased with them all) and the Qur’anic readings, as well as looking at the Arabic language and what it contains of vocabulary, grammar, poetry, reason and related opinion and consensus.

The journey of Israa and Mi’raj is considered one of the most famous and greatest events recorded in the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In addition to being a transformative spiritual experience, the journey to heaven is remembered as a source of laws governing Muslim prayer, and a source of literary and artistic expression for centuries.
From all of the foregoing, we come to the conclusion to proceed with the completion of this academic study, during which we proceeded to follow the descriptive-analytical approach, whether during the first section of it, which was concerned with clarifying the religious status of the city of Jerusalem in the early days of Islam from an Orientalist point of view, or in its second section, which was devoted to reviewing and analyzing of the viewpoints and opinions of the Orientalists about what they called (the night journey) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

The era of the Ayyubid state, the Levant witnessed a wide-ranging scientific renaissance in terms of various sciences and the activity of scientists and their work in scientific institutions, The geographical location of the region, which formed a link and a link between the Islamic countries, became areas of the Levant areas of attraction for many scholars and in various sciences, especially to the city of Aleppo in the Ayyubid era (569-658 AH / 1173-1260 AD) It witnessed a wide movement in the construction of schools in its various regions, Kings and princes raced in its construction to open its doors and receive the scholars of Aleppo and those who came to it from different parts of the Islamic countries, and for the kings to provide the means of residence for them, Many of these scientists emerged in a variety of sciences that helped in the development and prosperity of scientific life in Aleppo.

The study aims to know the personality of Salah al-Din Al-Ayoobi through the most important situations that he encountered in the face of the Crusader danger. It was found through these heroic attitudes that Salah al-Din al-Ayoobi was the military leader who he leads the campaign and plans for the military operations, as well as finding the party in financing and handing over the army, and that the confrontation for this long period has made him a great military benefactor in the face of the Crusades. And it was the battle of Hattin and its aftermath Bait Al-Maqdis to the hands of the Muslims was an important historical point and the Muslims' victory was the return of the lands from the Crusaders, and this victory also became a great shock to the Crusaders after they controlled it for two conturing
And we always turn around to spread the significance of Islamic history and its characters through their heroic stances at times Crusaders and we hope that this study has achieved part of these positions.

The Andalusian era is of great importance; because of the elements it enjoys that make it a material for the historical and literary lesson with its long history that spanned six centuries, and its political, social and cultural fluctuations, the large number of governors and ruling families in it. Especially during the era of the Banu al-Ahmar state, which was the subject of our research, this titled (manifestations of life in the Banu al-Ahmar state) In it, we shed light on this era and what happened in it through the analytical study of the poetry of this period by examining the poetic texts and trying to understand them and explaining what they refer to in terms of events and descriptions of that era. In the first topic, I dealt with the manifestations of social life in the era of Bani Al-Ahmar, and began with a preliminary and then divided the Andalusian society. The second topic was devoted to the manifestations of political life, in which it touched upon the origin of the Banu al-Ahmar and who were the Banu al-Ahmar in Granada, and mentioned all those who ruled during this period. This investigation was followed by the conclusion, in which he mentioned the most prominent findings of this research.

The research included the honorable lineage of Al-Talibeen who inhabited Palestine and branched out into many families. They were among the most important constituent groups of Palestinian society, as scholars, jurists and others who held important positions in Palestinian society emerged from them. The origin of the Talbi lineage goes back to Abu Talib bin Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and because their lineage was among the most honorable lineages, they had an important social position and great appreciation between the private and the public in the Palestinian community.

Al-Suyuti, in his book hassan almuhadara in the History of Egypt and Cairo, was interested in recording aspects of social life, including the statement of Islam’s position on Coptic society, as there were references to the Prophet’s good tidings of the conquest of Egypt in particular.
He called for charity to her family in honor of Hajar, the mother of the Prophet Ismail and the wife of the Prophet Ibrahim. Al-Suyuti also directed his attention to monitoring some of the dangerous behavioral manifestations that emerged in Egyptian society, especially in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, due to the pressure of political and economic workers. He explained the role of scholars in guiding the sultans and urging them to issue laws that limit the spread of vices and immorality in society. He also referred to the role of sultans and scholars in facing crises related to drought or the drying up of the Nile River, and reforming the living conditions of the population, and social events took part in a hassan almuhadara, Al-Suyuti talked about the manifestations of the great celebration that was taking place annually on the occasion of the Hajj and the departure of the royal bearer, and he did not neglect to talk about the status of women and their role in social life, Women have contributed a large share in public life, especially in the field of righteousness, charity, goodness and worship, and many references were made in the Hassan Almuhadara book that monitor the relationship and position of the Islamic state with non-Muslim minorities in Egypt.

The opinions of most historians and researchers have agreed that victory in wars depends on the moral factor more than other factors, as the moral factors had a large share in the study of the history of wars, their analyses, results, and that the moral topic is something that almost accompanies all human activities in various aspects, and it includes in wars the bravery not to mention the ability of leaders and individuals to bear the plight of wars and respond to them in front of any physical effort during the war period, and victory cannot be achieved unless the morale of the soldiers is high. The rhetoric, poetry, messages and drums in the battles fought by the Muslims had an important impact on the unification of the countries of the Maghreb and Andalusia, and it is not hidden from the reader that war requires the moral power to be doubled three times comparing it to the physical power.

The Almohad state that ruled the Maghreb and Andalusia (541-668 AH/1146-1269AD) is considered one of the most prominent states that emerged in the Islamic West, being a strong, sprawling state with a wide geographical area. It was enjoining good and forbidding evil, applying the law of God that he commanded, and establishing justice among people, and its goal was to establish an Islamic caliphate, to unite the ranks of Muslims in the Maghreb and Andalusia after the emergence of several Islamic countries, and the threat of Christian kingdoms to the country of Andalusia increased.

Since the end of the thirteenth century, Spanish explorers have begun to access the Caribbean coast in search of gold, silver, and slave trade to stimulate the Spanish economy on the one hand, and to convert the indigenous population to Christianity on the other hand. Because of what Colombia enjoy of huge economic resources and strategic geographical location, it was invaded and occupied. The Spanish conquest began in 1499, when Alonso de Ojeda was able to touch Colombian soil. Later, the Spaniards established their first colony there in 1525. After a series of exploratory trips, a systematic campaign began to colonize Colombia and subjugate its indigenous people, plundering its wealth until it gained independence in 1819.

The eastern Mediterranean has an important position in Russian geopolitical calculations, from the rule of Tsarist Russia to Putin's Russia. After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the priorities and tools of Putin's Russia's foreign policy toward the region changed in terms of restoring its role and influence on the world stage, and protecting its southern borders.
The geopolitical factor is the main motive for Russia’s return to the eastern Mediterranean and the expansion of its influence in the Middle East. The Russian intervention in Syria marked a turning point in Russia’s foreign policy, strengthening its military and diplomatic presence in the region, in parallel with participating in energy markets and establishing economic partnerships and constructive relations with Opposing actors in regional conflicts in the Middle East, which is an advantage for the Russians. This strategy has made Russia a rising power with an influence on the international scene, capable of changing the balance of power and challenging Western hegemony.

The study aims at Al-Hajji’s perspective on Islamic and Andalusian history, and as Dr. Abdul Rahman Ali Al-Hajji had a unique scientific achievement, a keen methodology to provide a distinguished model and a comprehensive as well as critical view of an inspiring history for researchers not to mention scholars in the fields that Al-Hajji contributed to, especially that these fields are of great importance as it is not hidden from the researcher Contemporary The extent of the responsibility entrusted to it in dealing with the thorny and conflicting historical issues in the opinions of its critics and scholars.
Al-Hajji also contributed to the achievement of many manuscripts and had scientific achievements in various fields, as he was constantly striving to explore and increase knowledge and was keen to spread the importance of Islamic and Andalusian history. He also urged researchers and specialists to direct their efforts towards interest in the study of history. We hope that this study has achieved Part of this narration and took a step in the process.

The research entitled "Faiq Shaker and his administrative role in Iraq 1919-1962" deals with the definition of the administrative role played by Faiq Shaker after taking over the administrations of important departments in the Iraqi state, after his return from Istanbul before the end of the First World War 1914-1918, Faiq Shaker had a clear influence on the presidency, departments and he left his clear mark on each of them, especially in the Iraqi Ministry of Defense, which is considered one of the most important departments of the state that clearly compromises the security of the country.

تناول البحث تعريفا لمحسن حسين جواد وكيفية وصوله الى الصافة العراقية ،ومن ثم تناول دوره المهني في الصحافة العراقية ولاسيما ابان العهد الجمهوري الاول ،والذي كان في عهد الرئيس الاول للعراق عبد الكريم قاسم وحضوره للعديد من المناسبات والمقابلات للجمهورية العراقية ونقله لهذه الاخبار في للوكالة والصحف العراقية .

The issue of secret German-Soviet military cooperation after the Treaty of Rapallo and its impact on rebuilding the German Air Force posed a great challenge to the ban imposed by the Treaty of Versailles on Germany in order to prevent it from possessing an air force. To carry out these activities openly in Germany.
The idea of research came to follow the course of that secret cooperation and its impact on rebuilding the German Air Force during the decade of the twenties and the beginning of the thirties of the last century.

One of the basic principles established Islamic economics is the confusion of working with moral values, Islam cam with moral values that control every behavior of a producer, Trader, or controls that govern forms of investment and transactions between people, or between economic institutions and the public. As for the importance of the topic, it lies in defining the ethics of economic work in the Islamic economy, then calling for its activation in the labor market, as well as the need for economic work in our Arab and Islamic countries to these ethics to confront abuses, violations, and form of sharia –forbidden transaction.
The main objective of the research is the need for economic work in our Arab and Islamic countries now the values and morals of Islamic to confront transgressions, irregularities, and forms of sharia – forbidden transactions.

This article is concerned with editing the general laws governing the principles of Islamic jurisprudential thought, setting the general principles regulating the consideration of science and its rules, which evaluate its origins, organize its issues and explain its nature, this is from the viewpoint of the scholar Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH), it aims at listing the general laws of the principles of jurisprudence and the overall fundamentals and revealing them in a way that helps to establish the rules of knowledge and correct the course of principles of Islamic jurisprudential thought and straighten its discordance, and also the manifestation of the Taymi role in establishing those governing laws and highlighting their impact on a number of his researches on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, by adhering to the inductive approach and the description approach and analysis in establishing the general laws, and then the deductive approach in building on them.
The research was concluded by mentioning the most important findings which included: alerting the importance of the general laws of the science of jurisprudence and the greatness of their impact on shaping its structure, visualizing its function, defining its characteristics and deciding its issues, trying to limit these overall fundamentals into ten general laws is generally accepted by the entire scholars of Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, this ten principles are: the demonstration of the text, the reference of the text, the text being in Arabic, the inclusion of the text for people and facts, the consideration of the text's purposes, the complementarity of the text, the sufficiency of the evidence, the compatibility of the correct evidence, the eligibility of the provider of an evidence, and the consideration of the opinion in the sources of ijtihad (independent reasoning).