Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies

Abstract
((Features of Successful Leader A Guiding Studies for Adverbial formulas in Pronunciations in Holy Quraan))
This search is a study of guidiny direction for Some of Pronunciations which guide about. Features of successful leader which come in.Holy Quraan like honesty, powerness, Keepness, knowledgement, Ability, Advicing,
Accepting quantities, wisdom, good way in. Speaking, good friendship and followers, and more other features which have not time to discuss them here. For that we discussed the most important of features and the search had included. An introduction, An outline, Conclusion, Bibliography, and A summry in English language

Abstract
The research entitled (the role of decision-makers in educating teachers and learners to preserve the fluency of the Arabic language - the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research as an example). It sheds light on the need of paying attention to the Arabic language, its fluency and rules in education and educational institutions, and for both groups: teachers, including university professors as well, and learners, and includes students of all levels. In order to spread the correct methods and vocabulary of the Arabic language on the tongues of students and their pens.
The culture of learning may come as a result of the self-desire to reach certain goals, as we found in past periods, they resorted to learning the rules and eloquence of the Arabic language for native speakers and other non-Arabs who embraced the Islamic religion to understand the rulings of Islamic law because they found in it to preserve worldly and hereafter interests.
This culture also comes as a result of developing plans and strategies by decision-makers, such as the General Secretariat of the Iraqi Council of Ministers, through its formation of the permanent committee to preserve the integrity of the Arabic language, following up on the committee's recommendations and circulating them to the relevant ministries such as education and higher education. So we chose the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, because it has taken serious steps to preserve the Arabic language, its fluency and grammar, and not to forget it; Because the culture of learning the English language and the desire for it has become ruling over the Arabic language and other languages in educational institutions and others.
The research concluded that the procedures of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research included the use of the classical Arabic language in giving lectures and was not limited to humanitarian specialties. Rather, it went beyond the scientific specializations, by urging university professors in all specializations to teach in classical Arabic, write research papers and write books in the Arabic language in the medical, engineering and pure sciences specializations, as well as adopting the standard of eloquence in expression among the a

pproved standards for evaluating the faculty in various disciplines, in addition to which universities have directed to open developmental courses for teachers and postgraduate students (masters and doctoral degrees). To strengthen the integrity of the Arabic language and make that a condition for promotion and scientific promotion, as well as graduation.

My study was organized under the title (The events of events with (if and if) the two dashes in Surat Al-Kahf, a study in the light of the Qur’an expression), to shed light on the graphic meanings resulting from the restriction to the condition with (if) or (if), due to the difference of significance resulting from the difference of restriction .
The first part of the study came under the title (Marginal implications of meanings derived from the restriction to (that) the conditional, and it is assertive that it asserts the two verbs, the first of which is the verb of the condition and the second is the answer to the condition, and it may enter into two pasts which are in the meaning of the future, or past and present, and the fulfillment is associated In her answer, most likely .
As for its significance, it is used by scholars for meanings that may occur, and this is the dominant indication of its condition, such as the Almighty saying: {And if you are junub, purify yourself .
In my work this I will try to extrapolate the current contexts for these meanings, and the clues surrounding them, through the Qur’anic use of them in Surat (Al-Kahf), to arrive at the reason for restricting (if) to no other, and what is the meaning that the condition has come to after in the possibility of it occurring, or otherwise .
As for the second part of the study, its course is (the marginal connotations of meanings derived from the restriction to (if). As for the connotation, the basic principle for (if) is that it is used in the definite meanings as they occur, so the condition after that is fulfilled, as the Almighty says: (It was written to you when one of you came. } [Al-Baqarah: 180], the condition here is cut off by the inevitability of it, and the presence of death coming sooner or later, and it may come to reality a lot, or doubtful or otherwise, depending on the contexts used in it ..
I will try to extrapolate the graphic meanings derived from the Qur’anic uses of “if”, and what the meaning of the condition came to after it in Surat (Al-Kahf), through the current contexts and the clues surrounding it, and then concluded the study with the most prominent results it has reached .

Abstract:
We tried to research this new experience in writing the prose poem in Iraq according to an interactive mechanism applied to the thresholds of the group: (He throws life from the window) by the poet (Muhannad al-Khakani) by studying the composition, the importance of the text and its function, through this converging reading, and according to the mechanisms of semiotic criticism, to show the reservoirs The poetic reading of the thresholds and the method of employing them and deciphering them, the reading must be on two levels: the first is the horizontal reading: by studying the grammatical and lexical structure of the text in explaining its grammatical importance, and the second: the vertical reading: the link between the threshold and the body to reach the transformations of the alternative semantic text.

This paper includes the syllable in Arabic , a practical study of Al-Hujjurat chapter . the nature of this study introduction and tow sections as well as a conclusion . section Arabic , its components , its types and its characteristics while section two dedicated to the practical and syllabic study of Al-Hujjurat chapter where we tackled a clarifying preface to defining Al-Hujjurat chapter , the reason behind its name , the reason behind its descent , the subjects , the commandments , that it dealt with as well as its suitability to Al-Fatih chapter which comes before it . Finally , we tackled the syllabic application of Al-Fatih chapter .

Rerearch Summry
The research deals with the proverbs and sayings mentioned by al-MoFaddil bin salamah in has book (Al-Fakher) , which nave an extension in the Language of the common People in the current era.The ancient people of the language and mentioned the disagreement in its statement if ang ,then mentioned the places of convergence and the difference between the general meaning and the eloquent connotation .

Abstract
Dialogue is one the most important means of communication expressed in a way of speaking between two or more people, an important phenomenon that is in the self in different ways and as appropriate to the needs of the case, and there aremultiple methods in choosing the type of dialogue, there are internal dialogue and external dialogue, dialogue, dialogue is one of the basics of literary work in all its forms and forms and forms depending on the literary gender thaht is included in the type of dialogue, references and hints included in this language and the function of the dialogue lies in what this dialogue language accomplishes from work inside the literary work, and the language of dialogue is an artistic language in every sense lt is proportional to the artistic value and its role in establishing all poetic and literary works.

Research Summary:

This is to discuss an attempt to monitor more than fifty languages of the world, writing in the Arabic language or using the Arabic letter in writing their different local languages.
It is the language of the conquerors, the ruling state, the language of religion, science, culture, arts, and devotional legal rulings, and the book of God is only understood with it.
I tried to explain the reasons behind the keenness of these languages to the Arabic letter or the Arabic language, and why they left them to other languages, after using them for a long time.
Then she shed light on the Kurdish language and made it a model for this study, comparing it in writing with writing in Arabic dictation.
The research focuses on studying nouns without verbs and letters because they alone are common to both languages, and comparison always needs the participants to show the difference and the similarity. Then I concluded with results that I recorded at the end of the research.

Abstract
The research entitled (The historical city ''Kirkuk'' is a center for gathering cultures at the present time ... the city document as an example). It sheds light on the importance of the city of Kirkuk through its different historical eras, which were visited by the various kings and sultans, and it witnessed many different battles and wars, and the result was the sacrifice of the largest number of members of its community, so looking at those periods takes two considerations:
The first consideration: the negative: which is the approach of the kings and sultans in igniting wars and oppression, harming and diminishing members of society, imposing a policy of discrimination and racism, and creating discord among its components, which no one is safe from.
The second consideration: the positive: When looking at the reality of the city’s condition in the past in terms of the composition of its population, the peoples and peoples who lived in it generation after generation, regardless of their races, colors, languages, and religions, on the basis of coexistence and a secure life.
In the research, there is an indication that a person is of a civil nature, meaning that a person can only live with a person even if he disagrees with him in religion, sect, tongue, gender, and thought, and this living is only in the city, and this city, whether it is stable or in a state Conflict; For various reasons, on that basis, the city of Kirkuk has all these variations in terms of demographics: plurality of nationalities, doctrines, religions, languages, ideas, and political parties.
The research focused on the need to benefit positively from the history of the historic city of Kirkuk to ensure a prosperous future in the city for all its people to achieve societal peace in it and push the city to development, construction and urbanization, as the city is not built with revenge, revenge, wars and strife Because it is one of the means of sabotage, backwardness and ignorance.
The research also studied the experience of the Medina document issued by our honorable Messenger Muhammad ( peace be upon him), and this was considered a basis for coexistence to build a healthy and happy society to preserve the rights of community members, and if they differ in religion and thought for the purpose of harmony among themselves, then Kirkuk needs such Document and wisdom in taking decisions by those with authority and leaders and giving guarantees to all nationalities that their loyalty will be national and not external dictates.

The Evolution of Christianity traces back to the appearance of Jesus Christ (be peace up on him), when he was calling for his mission at Palestine. It is because this religion, Christianity and the presonality of Jesus Christ that the Gregorian Calender emerged. Later on this religion headed toward the east by the efforts of the students and converts of the Jesus Christ. Among the areas which recieved the religion was the city of Karkuk. The name (Karkuk) was mentioned in the Sasanian source under the world forms (Beth Garme) and (Ba Garme), (Krykh Slokh). A year later, the sasanian Empire was established by (Ardasher the son of Babak whose father was Sasan), in (226 A.D). This event happened after he defeated Ardawan the fifth, the latest king of Ashkani and brought the Empire of Ashkani. Ever since, till the year (651 A.D) when the Sasanian state collapsed, the Sasanian were engaged in struggle with the Christian include those of Karkuk. The reason for that was the fact that the Sasanian thought of Zoroastrainism, the Byzantine formally converted to Christianity who was the opponent of Sasanian Empire. There fore, the Sassnian thought of the Christian as backers of the Byzantine and spared no pain to oppose them.
Hence, motivated by conducting a research paper on the Christians of Karkuk at the reign of Sasanian Empire, we have divided the research paper in to a threshold we death with the evolution of Sasanian Empire. At the first axis we talked about the evolution of Christiamity and it s outspread all over the state and in Karkuk specially. The second axis is devoted to set forth the conditians of Karkuk Christiams at that stage. Finally the research paper firdings.

Summary
The Islamic world witnessed a wide intellectual movement in various fields of science and literature during the Abbasid era (132-656 AH / 750-1258 AD). Many motives were created for this activity. Study and research in various fields of science and literature.
Since the Islamic conquest, the city of Daquq has become the base of Koura Bagrami (present-day Kirkuk), becoming an important political and military center because of its privileged position between three important geographic regions namely the Al-jazerah, Al-jebal, and the Al-sawad. The Abbasid, where prominent scholars and writers evolved contributed to the revival of the intellectual movement in that era, and their contributions and participation in many fields of science and literature, leaving their mark on the Islamic civilization in general, and intellectual movement in that era in particular.
The subject of this study revolves around the contributions of scholars and poets of Daquq in the fields of science and literature of that era. They became famous in that era and contributed to the intellectual movement inside or outside Daquq.

The extraction of oil in Kirkuk, and specifically in the Baba Gurgur has been known since five thousand years BC, and since the earliest times until the year the natural gases have risen to the sky to catch fire, and that oil spills and eternal fire in Baba Guegur and other areas of Kirkuk, enjoy the care of foreign& Arabs travelers, especially in historical ages.
The research aims to shed light on the Eternal Fires in historical sources, scenes of travelers and geological expeditions, where they wrote to the importance and special position of the oil wealth and the Eternal fires in the social, political and economic life of the residents of the city and another areas through historical ages.

The research is briefed in studying the political and military condition of Kirkuk district during the period between 1500 – 911 B.C. when the conflict between the middle Assyrian state and the middle Babylonian ,State was happening on the ownership of the district, and as a result of this conflict the tow sides agreed on dividing the area between them. The boundaries between both sides was departed according to apolitical agreement.
The Assyrian state, during the middle Assyrian period, was strong enough to talk to the Egyptian pharaohs. Directly as a (brother) which means that the both sides were socially equal (the Assyrian king and the Egyptian pharaoh), That’s why the Kassite king was very angry, and sent a letter to the Egyptian pharaoh blaming him for reseving the Assyrian messengers. claiming that the Assyrians are originally his followers, But the Assyrians could – after Aššur- uballit I had come to throne in (1365 B.C) invade all Kirkuk district and invaded the eastern capital of the Mittanian Empire, which was in that time Nuzi (tell terkalan about 25 KM south west Kirkuk). After Aššur- uballit I his son, Tukulti – Ninurta I came to throne (1244 B.C) and could conquer all the middle Mesopotamia and reached the city of Dur-Kuri-Kalzu the kassite capital which its remains is known today as (Aqar-Guff).
The struggle between the two powers, the Assyrian and the Kassite remained continuous and ended with dividing the area between them equally, beginning with S ašily (which might be Tašela in the Mansoryia mountain in Diyala). After that peace was stabled in the area, the agreement where crowned by political marriages which the historical experiences proved its danger, because the end of them was disastrous

This paper deals with the Kassite presence in the area of Kirkuk and Garmian district between the Lower Zab and the Sirwan/Diyala rivers, from the first mention of the Kassites in the 18th century B.C. to the last mention of them by Strabo in the 1st century B.C. In this paper we deal with both historical and archaeological records and the new discoveries in the region.
In the light of these historical records and the historical evidence we conclude that the part of the Kassite homeland is in the Garmian district, especially in the mountainous area east of Kirkuk from Chemchemal citadel to the mountainous areas east of Garmian in the Qaradagh and Bamo ranges to the banks of the Sirwan/Diyala river. Previously scholars only think about the Kassite presence in the Luristani mountains in the Iranian side of the border or in the plains along the Khorasan Road, but the archaeological discoveries in Kani Masi at the bank of the Sirwan river proved the Kassite Presence there. Also the important discovery of the public building in the citadel of Chemchamal that was full with the Kassite ceramic and the inscription of the Kassite King Kurgalzu on an eye-stone proves the Kassite presence there, moreover, the Kassite cultural influence on the Lullubies and the discoveries of the Kassite ceramic gobblers in Sharezur plain, in Sulaimani at Dekon at the bank of the Serchinar river, and in Satu Qala(ancient Idu).
The historical records before the Kassite state in Babylon proves the Kassite presence in Garmian and Diyala region, also during the Kassite State in Babylon, the Kassite culturally and militarily were actively having their presence in the region. During the Post-Kassite period, in the early first millennium, Shalamanesser III invaded the Kassite cities in the land of Namri between the Qaradagh ranges and the banks of the Sirwan river, he destroyed their cities at the foot of the mountain ranges, and plundered their palaces, at that time the rulers of Namri and their people were the Kassite.
Sennacherib invaded the area east of Arrapha(Kirkuk), he attacked on the Kassite cities at the foot of the mountains and at the top of the mountain ranges, he destroyed and burned the tents and the pavilions of Kassite pastorals and their chieftains there, and plundered their horses, mules, donkeys, bulls, sheep and goats, and deported the people of their city and the inhabitants of the villages and tents to the other Kassite cities at the foot of the mountain, and he annexed their land and their cities to the governorate of Arrapha(Kirkuk), this means that the Kassities in 702 BC were pastorals in the mountains east of Kirkuk in Garmian. This was not changed a lot when Strabo in 1st century B.C. referred to the Kossaeans, who were mountain dwellers, and brave warrior bowmen, they had more than 13000 fighters, at that time according to Strabo they were dragging and also did not like agriculture. I have to mention that the previous studies mainly were eager to push the Kassite presence to the far east to the Iranian border, but the historical and the recently discovered archaeological discoveries in the area of Garmian and Kirkuk prove that the Kassite presence in this region was lasted for 18th centuries from their rise in history to their last mention by Strabo.

Abstract
All of the previous highlights the importance of the scientific study of both culture and civilization in the globalization and information age, which is concerned with understanding, interpreting and revealing the form and mechanisms of the different influences of cultural components, their strength, technology, roles, linkages and functions related to our daily life and our direct and indirect behaviour. We are still far from simply mapping the global culture that we need studies and analyzes to find ways of how to arrive at the results and facts in the historical and civilizational nature to rediscover their memories and symbols in civilized golden ages such as globalization as a model. At the same time, the partial mixing of cultures and the emergence of a common language may create differences and in other cases allow for the emergence of cultural families that fall within the broad areas of collective and regional comprehensive. Therefore, every people or nation has a specific culture that has its own peculiarities, even primitive people have their own culture without this or that culture being elevated to the dominant level of civilization. Civilization is the outcome of the cultures of the world or the sum of the cultures of different peoples. Thus, culture is wider than civilization if it is general and for all societies. All civilizations have cultures, while not all cultures are civilizations. Therefore, the history of humankind testifies to the emergence of civilizational pluralism, as some have disappeared and others have survived, so civilization lives and disappears as it represents you by means of producing knowledge and skills on the one hand and the amount that contributes to the march of scientific and technical progress and development and affects human or global thought on the other hand. There is a difference between researchers about defining and controlling the meaning of cultures, civilization and civilization. Sometimes we find similarities, and it may be difficult to define them. Civilization may be in the sense of civilization, while others see it as a civilized stage more advanced than civilization. We now live in a contemporary civilization, which is the civilization of science and technology, a civilization that imposes itself on us and others with thought, technology, goods and weapons. We live and live in it like it or not, it is a civilization of the present day, the age of the scientific and informational revolution. We are already facing the challenges of a new civilization, and the gap is increasing every day with vast distances between us and what the contemporary civilization produces from science and technology, which forces us to face these challenges with renewed thinking and new methods so that we can keep pace with civilization. Going forward is a path of progress, creativity and contribution to the development of civilization. We have come to the conclusion that culture is flowing relatively easily indeed across the world while other cultural patterns are moving with slow movements and may not reach many parts of the world and these are the similarities and differences between civilization, culture and civilization. . Which must be taken in a relative way that leads us to address the theories of cultural rapprochement, as well as cultural contradictions between countries and civilizations in general that are likely to be profound that may sometimes lead to hostility between the majority and the minority or weak powers and then affected the theory of civil strife and reformulation World order. Where looking at globalization as they will see a caliphate that helps in the emergence of hybrid entities that cannot be subjugated to the global or the local, which is the global interference that results in excessive results in different geographical regions. And cultural convergence leads to the homogeneity that globalization produces. And cultures have been radically transformed as a result of strong flows of global technology such as technology, media, the Internet, and close interconnection that play an important and effective role in accelerating the process of globalization.

Abstract:
This search is under the title:
(The importance of the military geographic location of the city of Abkha-Kerkuk during the reign of the New Assyrian Empire 911-612 B.C.) The Assyrians were able to transform from a state with small borders to a large empire that administered several regions and wide borders that belonged to it, and they were able to become the only power at that time in the ancient East. The Assyrians were mainly for their small state in the region near Nineveh in (2000 BC). Step by step, they were able to place that region under their control, especially (Kirkuk) was an ancient cities.
This study carries within it all those famous military campaigns of the Assyrian kings, which make the region of Kirkuk, it is to shows a set of facts regarding this historical period and all the political, military and relations between the Assyrians and the region's rulers and the conflicts over Kirkuk at that time. The research has divided in the two topics:
The first topic: It is dedicated to the political, strategic and military importance of the region of Kirkuk by the Assyrian kings, and its three centuries of occupation by them. The city also uses Kirkuk as roads against the people in the eastern regions that were until then outside the Assyrian influence.
The second topic: It discussions about the reaction of the rulers of the region against the Assyrian authority, especially the Babylonians and Medians, due to the importance of the region of Kirkuk in terms of the military by the kings (Nabopolassar) and (Cyaxsares) to the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.
The situation also talks about the famous military activities to subjugate Kirkuk and Nineveh. These operations began in the first year of this reign in successive stages in the years 624, 620, 614 and 612 BC.
Medes were able to control the important part of the Assyrian political administration and annex it to the Medes Empire after the fall of Nineveh in 612 B.C.

The city of Arrapḫa (Kirkuk) is one of the most important cities in the Northeast of Mesopotamia, So it played an effective role in the history of Mesopotamia, where, at the dawn of the Sumerian dynasties, it was the center of a city state known as the Cutium statue, As for the Akkadian period , it was considered one of the important agricultural provinces, In the period of the Ur ш dynasty, King Šulgi was able to submit this region to his rule, As for the old Babylonian period, the Arrapḫa region became a subject of conflict for the neighboring kingdoms, and alliances were being held to control it, However, in the period of the Mitanni domination , it emerged with the cities of northern Mesopotamia and the Levant in the form of a kingdom affiliated to the Kingdom of Ḫanigalbat (Mitanni), Because of the importance of Arrapḫa, the researchers considered that the northern regions of Mesopotamia were subordinate to the Kingdom of Arrapḫa at that time, As for the modern Assyrian period, the importance of the city from the political and military point of view emerged as it was one of the defensive border military bases of Assyria.

The problem of dust storms is one of the clear problems in arid and semi-arid regions from which the study area is located , Dust storms have been studied in DhiQar Governorate through the use of mathematical equations and statistical methods and their application to study data during a period of (40) years from 1980 to 2019 . Then the elements and some climatic phenomena were studied, such as (actual solar brightness, temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, rainfall , effective rainfall , evaporation, evaporation - transpiration, water deficiency, escalating dust, and suspended dust), and through which it was found that there is a variation in Elements and phenomena and their reflection on the type of dry climate prevailing in the region according to the application of (drought factor D) which affected the nature of the surface and the lack of natural vegetation, and this leads to repeated occurrence of dust storms, The calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient was studied to show the extent of the influence of climatic elements on their occurrence, as well as the use of a multi-linear regression model that was conducted on the tests (t-test, f-test) with a significant level (99%) and it was found that the value of R2 for climatic elements is more influential and explanatory). On the dependent variable (dust storms) in the region (99%).

This study involves the geomorphological and morphotectonical Investigation of the Tawuq sub-basin located at the Kirkuk Governorate in North Iraq.
The geomorphological analysis and mapping of the area was carried out using aerial photographs and geological data landforms were classified into three groups depending on their shapes and formation processes such as the denudational- structural, denudational, and fluvial.

The longitudinal profile analysis of the Tawuq Chai River revealed that the structural and lithological factors were controlled by the changes in the river gradients as the result of the tectonic activity.

- Dictionnaire de Démographie, Roland Pressat, univeritaires de France, 1979 1 er edition, 1979.

Abstract: The phenomenon of divorce is one of the serious social problems that lead to the disintegration of the family, the dissociation of the marriage relationship, and the accompanying problems and effects that negatively affect the family and society, and one of the obstacles in the face of planning and development processes, which is a general phenomenon in all societies and it seems to be increasing prevalent in our societies For many reasons related to the economic, social and psychological aspects.
This research aims to reveal the spatial variation of the divorce phenomenon in Kirkuk governorate, and track its different aspects, by following the analytical geographical approach that searches for the spatial relationships of the population phenomenon and determining the factors affecting it, as well as using some statistical methods in addressing the topic of research in its various aspects.
The research concluded a set of results with proposals that would work to reduce this negative phenomenon, the aggravation of which leads to a breach of the basic system of society, namely the family, and limits the opportunities for development programs that consider human well-being to be the end and the means at the same time.

Abstract:-
The city of Kirkuk is considered one of the historical cities that played an important role throughout the successive historical periods, and the urban monuments are nothing but a prominent witness to that role, and the research entitled (the geographical distribution of shrines, shrines and churches in the province of Kirkuk, a historical field study) highlights the most prominent landmarks The religious found in Kirkuk governorate, which reflects the historical and civilizational depth of the city, and the religious and ideological diversity among its inhabitants, which gives it the characteristic of a comprehensive civil city.

Abstract
The research tagged with (pretexts - blocking and opening them - and their media impact on building society) highlights that dependency fundamental sources, such as excuses, must be referred to in the statement of rulings, and not only to refer to the original sources, the fact that the texts and provisions are linked to the objectives, which are interests related to the affairs of individuals or the public interest, must be achieved when implementing the ruling, which is (bringing benefit and warding off spoilage), and since the results and goals are associated with the means, they must be considered and considered or not considered. Because looking at human destinies is required by law.
The research also highlights that the means or pretexts take the ruling of their ends negatively or positively. Therefore, the excuses are either legitimate or unlawful, so if legitimate means lead to the achievement of legitimate goals, they must be opened. Because it achieves the interest, and if it is unlawful and leads to the achievement of an unlawful goal it must be closed; as it checks to spoil, if it is unlawful and leads to a legitimate aim it must be opened; because it achieves the interest, and if it is legitimate in and of itself and leads to the achievement of an unlawful goal, it must be closed; they check spoil.




There is an indication that controls must be put in place for the responsible authorities in disseminating decisions, fatwas and rulings on media channels such as television and social media, whether they are from government agencies or religious references, or political or civil parties such as civil society organizations, or media professionals in general. Because they are an influential aspect of society, their speech may be a means to spread the message of peace and affection among members of society, and it may be a means to create chaos and corruption in society, so attention must be paid to that.
In the research, practical examples refer to many incidents that affected the components of the Iraqi society and inflicted damage on them and their interests, under pretexts that they think are legitimate in terms of themselves without considering their results, which led to the creation of chaos, division and discrimination among members of society, these pretexts must be blocked and not allowed in the media, visuals and other things, and they must be prevented from being promoted or endorsed. Rather, the government must enact a law criminalizing all legitimate means if they lead to the achievement of an unlawful end, and religious institutions and authorities must prohibit these means, given their harmful consequences for members of society.

Abstract
The research aims to determination the role of the media in spreading a culture of community peace, according to the Iraqi public’s vision (research sample) away from the media contents of the means of communication. The research problem was embodied in determination the extent to which media messages contribute to spreading a culture of community peace among the Iraqi public’s, whether by supporting this culture, or ignore it or publish what contradicts.
The research is considered a descriptive research and it was based on the method of media surveying the sample in its field area, and the questionnaire form was used as a tool to collect data from the public’s (research sample). It represents the human field of research in the general population of the cities Kirkuk and Baquba, while the spatial area is represented by the governorates of Kirkuk and Diyala, while the temporal area was determined In the period from 1/5/2020 until 1 / 9/ 2020, which is the period of time that achieved the research.
The research was divided into three topics:
The first topic is devoted to the methodological framework of research and methodological procedures, as well as to previous studies.
While the second topic deals with the theoretical framework of the research, it included a definition of the concept of peace as stipulated in legality and social sciences and international conventions. The topic also dealt with a presentation of the concept of the culture of social peace and the most important elements and the role of the media in spreading a culture of social peace.
As for the third and final topic, it was devoted to the field side of the research, presentation and interpretation of the results of the field study, as well as the discussion of the most important results which was reached.

The researcher sought to know the role of the media in the Libyan crisis, especially the flags of the countries active in the crisis represented by the Egyptian and Turkish role, who became the rulers and controllers in the conduct of peace negotiations and the nozzles of the guns alike. Leaning toward peace in this crisis or in beating more of the drums of war through an analytical study of the content of what is published in the newspapers under study, which is defined in the methodological framework of the marked study (the role of the media in war and peace, the Libyan crisis as a model( The researcher reached several conclusions, including that both papers (the subject of study) dealt with the Libyan issue with importance and interest through the intensity of what was presented by both newspapers, as the Libyan topic was present in the articles of both newspapers on all the days covered by the study, and each sought to highlight this topic in its own way. In terms of the journalistic form and the manner of presentation, as for the size of foreign interference in the Libyan issue on whom both newspapers dealt with this matter with importance, but the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram was more interested in this part and this reflects the direction of Egyptian diplomacy in the recent period through its attempt to draw the attention of world opinion to The volume of direct foreign interventions in the Libyan crisis,

The television news channels play a prominent essential role in forming public opinion through their various programs that work in concert, and in consistency and complementarity in forming public opinion on various topics, circumstances, situations and problems that present themselves to society, which are related to various political, social, cultural and economic aspects .
Hence the importance of intensifying research efforts to find out the reality of the role that the media play and their effects on the public, and on important and prominent groups in society such as the elite groups who contribute to the leadership of the masses, and the formation of public opinion, especially in light of the increasing dependence of members of society on the media as the main source In order to extract information about the events and issues raised, the reason according to the model of relying on the media is the decline of one's direct experiences with different issues

The current research aims at identifying the role of the electronic media in promoting a culture of peaceful civil coexistence, finding differences of statistical significance according to the type variable (male and female) that contribute to the peaceful coexistence in society and identify the social aspects that are promoted through electronic media to achieve peaceful coexistence In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher has built the scale of civil peaceful co-existence of the electronic media and divided into three areas, including (30) paragraphs The results of the study showed that the level of influence of electronic media in promoting a culture of peaceful coexistence has a high and positive role in promoting culture. And the results showed that there are significant differences in the gender variable for the university students and for males in the degree of impact of the culture of civil peaceful coexistence. The results also showed a number of social aspects that can promote the culture of change To achieve peaceful coexistence through the electronic media, which reached (14) social side, which got a weighted average below the specified standard, as the results showed that the most important electronic media means have a positive impact in promoting a culture of peaceful co-existence Ahli Facebook, if it is more than An electronic means of information used in accordance with the arithmetic mean obtained, and in light of the results of the research put the researcher a number of recommendations and proposals.
Keywords (electronic media, peaceful coexistence, internet, university students)

The research (Issues of Diversity in the Iraqi Network Journal), in an attempt to identify the extent of the commitment of Al-Shabaka Aliraqia magazine, which is restricted by Article 2 of its 2015 founding law, states that: "It operates according to the principles of independence, inclusiveness, diversity and distinction, and reflects values Democratic, social, cultural and Islamic society for the Iraqi ", to publish Diversity issues, in its main fields, analyzed the issues of Al-Shabaka magazine), for the year 2019.
he research problem centers on answering the main question: (What are the issues of pluralism? Political, religious and cultural published by Al-Shabaka Aliraqia magazine during The year 2019?), And stands for the most prominent forms of journalism that dealt with those topics, And specify the typographical elements that highlight those figures, as well as Addressing them to achieve a set of objectives related to the research topic, including: There were strategies to address diversity issues in the journal, as it was adopted The researcher shall obtain the tools of the interview and the scientific observation, as well as an analysis form The content, down to a set of conclusions:

• Within the topics of the issue, issues of political pluralism came first Pluralism, which was covered by Al-Shabaka Iraqi magazine, as topics Religious pluralism is again, multiculturalism final.
• The magazine was interested in the art of (journalistic investigation), and after it (the press article), As one of the most prominent forms of journalism that dealt with issues of pluralism in general In which.
• Typographic elements were used to highlight the journalistic forms that It dealt with issues of political, religious and cultural pluralism, and the concern was The largest of two items: (Image size in the subject), and (Title size).

Key words: journalistic issues / pluralism / Al-Shabaka magazine.

The city of Kirkuk is one of the Iraqi cities that attracted the attention of researchers during its historical stages due to its strategic location, so it took the lead from the economic, military and scientific importance. It was the focus of many history celebrities who came to it from every region to seek knowledge or work in it or to exercise their political or religious role, if it gained Those historical figures are the interest of many authors who wrote in the field of personal biographies, including Khair al-Din Al-Zarkali, who mentioned in his famous book Al-Alam Al-Alam Dictionary of Translations of the most famous men and women from Arabs, Arabists and Orientalists, quite a number of famous Kirkuk city, and from here came our study marked (historical figures from The city of Kirkuk through the book of media by Dr. Khair al-Din Al-Zarkali). The study was divided into three axes. I studied in the first axis the historical opinions of naming the city of Kirkuk, and in the second axis I dealt with Khair al-Din al-Zarkali’s biography and his approach in the media book, either the third axis we focused on it For a study of the personalities of the city of Kirkuk through the book above .

Abstract
The research aims to identify the press coverage of issues of violence against Yazidi women in the daily Iraqi press through an analytical study of two daily newspapers (Al-Zaman and Al-Mada) in order to identify the most important issues and contents that they dealt with, and the volume of attention paid by the daily Iraqi press to issues of violence against Yazidi women in (Mount Sinjar) in Mosul (study sample) in the aftermath of the fall of Mosul on 06/14/2014 and the disastrous results that resulted in the terrorist organization ISIS controlling it, especially the (Sinjar mountain) region inhabited by the Yezidi minority in Iraq (a religious minority) and the great suffering it suffered Yazidi women as a result of inhuman treatment by this extremist organization, whether by killing, captivity, or physical and sexual abuse that affected many of them. On September 20, 2014, the study came out with a number of results, which confirmed in their entirety the following:
1- The results of the research with regard to the nature of content presentation to the top of the category of juveniles showed a percentage of (57.1%) over the rest of the other groups, which indicates the nature of the issues that followed the invasion of the terrorist organization ISIS in the area (Mount Sinjar) and the massacres carried out by this extremist organization, a major event with interactions Serious on the security, social, political and humanitarian levels.
2- The results of the research revealed that the category of press delegates came at the forefront of news sources adopted by the newspapers (the study sample) to cover issues of violence against Yazidi women, with a rate of (41.9%), which indicated the amount of attention paid by the daily Iraqi press to convey the great human suffering that occurred. Due to the invasion and control of the extremist terrorist organization on Mount Sinjar.
3- The results of the research with regard to the type of press material showed that the category of news report was at the forefront of journalistic art forms with a rate of (35.8%), which reflects the size and complexity of the event and the secretions that resulted from it on the human and social levels that made the news report the most appropriate art in its coverage of this issue.
4- The results of the research study sample showed that the category of humanitarian issues was the forefront of the topics it dealt with by (46.5%), which gives an indication of the human dimension reflected in the daily press in Iraq. Other topics

Abstract:
Kirkuk is one of the oldest cities in Mesopotamia, many civilizations have been left their legacy there. The Ottomans have been ruling in this city and used it as the capital of Shahrizor Province. Many studies have been written on the history of Kirkuk during the rule of the Ottoman Empire, which have cited many primary sources. Seyahatname is very instrumental to re-claim the history of Kirkuk, but the problem is that defective sources and politically motivated narratives cloud the exploration of this history by that time. This study attempts to understand the city of Kirkuk during the 16th century in deeply by utilizes Evliya Çelebi Seyahatname’s manuscript which exists in the Top Kapı palace in Istanbul. The research methodology of this paper uses qualitative historical and textual analysis method with an exploratory qualitative research design, depending on both primary and secondary sources. As the result: Evliya Çelebi’s Seyahatname has much invaluable information about Kirkuk and Shahrizor that has not been adequately utilized by historians. Although, he has mentioned information about Kirkuk, but he did not enter and stay in this city.
Key Word: Kirkuk, Çelebi, Shahrizor, Seyahatname, Travel.