Regional Studies Journal

Abstract
Peace Agreement signed on October 26, 1994 between ‎Jordan and Israel in Wadi-Araba on their borders was not but a ‎circle in long series of relations which had been established since ‎‎1920's. In order to understand these relations, we should go back to ‎its essentials explaining the reasons behind its continuity all over ‎these years. The paper trying to give a view for the development of ‎these relations as well as the consequences and both of official and ‎popular positions.‎

The study mainly focuses on human development in Arab ‎homeland which is suffering from modesty in performance in ‎comparison with other developed and developing states, structural ‎and spatial contrast among them in particular when dealing with ‎human development through human well being of Arab people as ‎beneficiaries of development as being participants. ‎
The study deals with three main points: ‎
‎1.‎ Human development in Arab homeland in the light of ‎quantitative measures of development trends and guide. ‎
‎2.‎ Sources of economic wealth and performance
‎3.‎ Reality problem and future prediction (results from strength ‎analysis perspective) and available choices. ‎
The study concludes that the expected perspective of the ‎Arab homeland could be more optimistic especially when this region ‎will face what is called nations progress. ‎

Abstract
Mosul province during Hamidi era (1876 – 1909) has got a ‎great importance by the Great Powers in Europe as Britain, ‎Germany, France and Russia as well as U.S.A. This importance is ‎related to so many characteristics of Mosul province and at the ‎front is its agricultural and animal wealth. This made Mosul to be an ‎important source for these States to meet its heads from ‎agricultural crops.‎
Also, Mosul province has a strategic location being a route ‎for trade joining Persia and China from one side and Anadolia and ‎Syria from another. Mosul province has included many ancient ‎archeological ruins and become a theatre for many activity of ‎excavations and that has increased the international interests of ‎Mosul to include missionaries for both Britain and France. Some ‎Great Powers tried to set up diplomatic ties with Mosul province in ‎order to protect and enlarge their interests.‎

Abstract
The Policy of agricultural technology is one of the ‎agricultural economic Policies related to the strategy of agricultural ‎development. In Turkey, agricultural and economic resources are ‎used cleverly, Land reform and rising the productivity in ‎agricultural work and enlarging workforce training, the increase in ‎efficiency in using the Land, water. In short, agricultural technology ‎is the basis to increase the agricultural Production.‎

Abstract
This Study deals with the Turkish femal personality which ‎took part in Turkish political life since early of 1990's and got the ‎post of prime minister for the first time of the contemporary history ‎of Turkey by her professional and partial qualifications. Then there ‎is her attitude towards the internal problems of Turkey since ‎several decades especially the economic crisis. She put solutions for ‎this problem and saved the Turkish economy and the dependence of ‎foreign loans. Ciller succeeded in solving this crisis as being a ‎specialized expert in economics other problemes faced Ciller's ‎government was the Kurdish issue by which Turkey is suffering ‎since its establishment till nowadays. This study shows how Ciller ‎has delt with this chronic problem‎

Abstract
This study aims to confirming the importance of more of ‎resource efficiency, social sufficiency, and good environment for ‎sustainable development referring to the some comparative ‎experiments of Iraq and neighbors.‎
Economic literatures on development experiments at both ‎developed and developing show that achieving the balance between ‎the mentioned things is a very complicated and important matter at ‎the time. Always there is a shake of the two pans and it is ‎impossible for the balance to continue together, i.e. one by one ‎while the other being on an opposite direction. The result ‎development losing it's sustainability conditions coinciding with the ‎conditions change.‎
Success of economic policies depends on essential bases, may ‎the environment is the most important one in making use of ‎abounded resources for economic development. The success of ‎using resources in turn depends on two things. The first is success ‎of economic efficiency; the second is achieving social adequacy, so ‎called social sufficiency.‎

Abstract
Political system in Iran is characterized by its religious . ‎It depends upon the principle of the Islamic government based on ‎the concept theory of (Wellayat Al-Fakih) as a basis for the reign . ‎Political system of Iran is also characterized by centralization as ‎well as its complicated and compound nature which differs from so ‎many political systems in the world .According to its structure, ‎constitutional institutions forming this system lie within the three ‎powers ( legislative , judicial and executive ) as well as independent ‎institutions. ‎
These institutions share in addition to religious and ‎political societies and revolutionary ones and Al-Bazaar, in making ‎the political decision. Constitution of Iran has defined the structure ‎and Competence of these institutions and limited its functions. ‎These competences might differ and cases arose can be solved by ‎the superior. Guide of Islamic Revolution as being the high ‎authority in politics and religion inside the political system of Iran.‎

Abstract
Since the later of 19 century, The Turkish diplomacy is ‎facing unnatural Position dealing with foreign relations represented ‎by the ambitions Armenians to rebirth. Many of European states ‎come together with. this question for many reasons and ‎transformed to be pressing problem on the way for Turkey tries to ‎join the E.U. This study deal with the nature of French situation ‎about this problem and its reflections upon Turkish–France ‎Relations‎

Abstract
The Europeans had tried to get use of United Nations plan ‎to solve the Cyprus question in away to prepare the unification of ‎the island since 1974 But the Greek Cypriots lost that chance. ‎While the E.U. obligated itself with the promise given to unify the ‎island by the date May 2004. The E.U. did not obligate it self to find ‎out any solution for the issue. ‎
The E.U. made Turkey responsible for any obstacle facing the ‎issue. Therefore, Europeans were facing a reality representing a ‎divide state in their union. Will the Europeans pressure succeed upon ‎Turkey in unifying the last divided capitals inside Europe?‎

Abstract
Water Problem was and still one the main reasons of tension ‎among states which have join water resources. Waters being the ‎artery of life, then so many conflicts have risen among them to get ‎the largest quantity of water.‎
Middle East region Arab Homeland in particular have ‎witnessed a conflict between Arab countries and Israel about ‎water. Israel has on putting the article of water in any negotiations ‎made with the Arabs. The Purpose of this to ensure water for her ‎and to convince Arab regimes to leave their Political considerations ‎for their economic accounts. Thus, Water has become a basis for ‎Israel to be a part of Middle East and to integrate with the Arab ‎environment.‎

Abstract
‎ U.S. military existence all over the world has become an ‎actual fact especially in the Arab Gulf region. Al- Dhahran air base ‎is considered one of the eldest U.S. bases in the region. But the ‎American existence took new forms after 1962 after it had left it ‎officially. Its existence has become an issue of maneuvering, ‎training and cooperation with Saudi Arabia.‎
This base has played a significant role in all crises and wars ‎occurred in the area since the second world war till the three Gulf ‎wars. This base was within U.S. strategy and an active part in U.S. ‎tactics in Arab Gulf.‎

Abstract
The basic dimensions and main limitations in Russian ‎Strategy during the reign of president Fladermair Butin towards ‎states of Gulf Cooperation Council are rearrested by both Security ‎element and economic element. Russia Sees that challenges ‎represented by Islamic groups may threaten its Security. Thus،‎ the ‎issue of chines is emerged and the existence of 20 million Muslims ‎living inside Russia Therefore،‎ Russia tries to establish relations ‎with Gulf states especially Saudi Arabia which has a big influence ‎upon these groups.‎
Russia tries to attract investments from these States making ‎an organized dialogue concerning energy and oil prices and trying ‎to activate its relations with Gulf States in all fields in order to ‎achieve its goals in the Arab Gulf Area.‎

Abstract
‎ One of the most important and vital issues written in 'Al-‎Siyasa Al– Duwalia' Journal is the topic of (Israeli) activity and ‎penetration in Africa which has been related more or less with the ‎Arab – Israeli struggle since the foundation of (Israel) in 1948 amid ‎a nation refusing its existence. This has made (Israel) looking for a ‎new vital aspect after a relative failure in making relations in Asia ‎because there states having political and economic capabilities in ‎the continent like china and India. In addition to states of Moslem ‎majority supported Arab attitudes like Pakistan, Afghanistan and ‎states of central Asia.‎
Thus, (Israel) made its efforts to penetrate its activity in ‎Africa and consequently achieving two aims: The first is to get rid ‎of Arab boycott by making strong ties with African states in ‎fighting against Arab states. The second is to advocate (Israel)' s ‎economy in the continent by enlarging markets of (Israeli) products. ‎Finally, (Israel) tries to achieve its basic goals: Existence, Security ‎and International influence. ‎

Turkish literature is considered one of the most significant ‎arts in the world. This art has its impact during all ages, ‎Organizations age is the most important ones in the history of ‎Turkish literature and it has been affected by the western ‎literature due to political, culturd and trade relations. In this age, ‎poets and writers began tobe a way from the concepts of honour ‎and to close to western concepts. ‎
One of those poets was Sulyman Nathief . He was born in ‎Dyarbakir 1870. His father Saed Pasha was a poet and historian. ‎He Speaks Arabic , Persian and French. He has been appointed as ‎wally after the second mashrutyah period Basrah (1909), ‎Castamonu (1910), Trabzon (1911), Mosul (1913), Baghdad (1941). ‎He succeeded in making comparison between Turkish and Persian ‎literature. He left to paris in 1887 practicing his Political activity ‎against Sultan Abdul – Hamid II.‎