JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Experimental studies have been made to determine the oxidation be heavier of several coatings
system on commercial mild steel alloy (AISI 1020). The oxidation kinetics of a single stage coating
such as Aluminized and Nickel have been under )1000°C( using a thermal cyclic oxidation.The
structures were studied using optical microscope to identify a phases. Most coating use to enhance
the formation of protective oxid scale, in this research, the results for Nickel coating showed some
reduction in resistance of )AISI 1020( alloy and It is found they follow linear rate law, but
Aluminized coating using a pack – cementation technique, exhibited the greatest resistance to
oxidation, followed parabolic law (protective oxidation behavior). because it has a good ductility and
its capability to form a protective oxid Layer )Al2O3(, such Alumina scale is known as thermally and
electrically insulator and characterized with slow gowning rate.

An indirect sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the
determination of cephalexin monohydrate (CEM) ceftriaxone sodium (CFX) and cefotaxim sodium
(CEF) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on the oxidation of (CEM),
(CFX) and (CEF) in hydrochloric acid medium with known excess on N-Bromosuccinimde and
subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by decolorization of Evans blue dye (EB) and
measure the absorbance of residual dye at 608 nm. Calibration curves of evans blue dye in the
presence of drugs were rectilinear over the ranges 1.0-9.0 , 1.0-8.0 and 1.0-9.0 µg/ml with molar
absorptivity 2.75×104
, 9.28×104
and 7.81×104
l.mol-1
.cm-1
and average recoveries 98.97, 102.08 and
100.08% for CEM, CFX and CEF respectively with RSD of less than 3.29%. The method was free
from interference of many excipients and additives commonly found in pharmaceutical formulations.
The developed method was successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their
pharmaceutical formulation resulted in a good agreement with certified value and standard addition
procedure.

Water samples were collected from three sites along the Tigris River within the city of Mosul for
the purpose of studying the seasonal variations of 2018 and 2019 on some environmental factors. It
was studied by means of a set of field and laboratory tests that included Water temperature,
Turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Total hardness (TH), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD5), furthermore, measuring the concentration ions of chlorine,
orthophosphates, nitrates, and sulfate.
The results showed that there is a clear fluctuation in the values of the factors under study, the
Water temperature ranged between 14.2-25.4 ° C, and Turbidity between 2.8-23.1 NTU, and EC
between 266-335 µc/cm, and the pH from 7.6-8.5, The DO was between 6.6-9.6 mg / l, the BOD5
1.4-2.9 mg / l, the TH was 130-338 mg / l, the CL 19.8-29.9 mg / l, the SO4 120-177 mg / l, and the
NO3 0. 09-1.66 mg / l, PO4 0.011 - 0.036 mg / l.
The study showed that all the values obtained were within the natural limits of local and
international standards, although most of these values rise towards south of the city. The effect of
discharge of the wastes, which are dumped directly without treatment, causes a change in the
physical and chemical properties of water, especially in the areas where the valleys contact with the
river, however, this effect fades away later due to the many factors like dilution, spreading, speed of
flow and the increasing in water level.

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of piperazine hexahydrate was
developed. The method was based on the proton transfer reaction with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
(DNS) in basic solution to form yellow product showing a maximum absorbance at 410 nm with
molar absorptivity of 8350 l/mol.cm . The method is obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range
0.5-20 µg/ml. The average recovery % of the method is 99.12% and RSD % of the method is less
than 2%.
The method was applied for the determination of piperazine hexahydrate in pharmaceutical
formulation as elixir and the results were in good agreement with the standard addition method

Reregulation of biochemical profile of host as a result of host cells-pathogen interaction may
involve in pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis disease. The biochemical parameters in the placenta of
Toxoplasma-infected pregnant women and non-infected pregnant women (control group) were
investigated The criteria taken into consideration are: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Peroxidase
(Px) , Glutathione- S- transferase (GST) , Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , Aryl esterase (AE) ,
Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) , Vitamin A,C and E As well as placental electrolytes including:
Sodium (Na+
) , Potassium (K+
) , Chloride (Cl-
) , Calcium (Ca++) , Selenium (Se) , Cupper (Cu) ,
Zinc (Zn) , Iron (Fe) , Magnesium (Mg) and Manganese (Mn). The results showed: a nonsignificant increase in the activity of SOD, GST, LDH and AchE during 6-9 months, and activity
of AE during 1-3 months, were determined whereas the activity of Px was decreased in all
periods of pregnancyA non- significant increase in the level of vitamin E and non-significant
decrease in levels of vitamin A and C during pregnancy periods in placentae of infected pregnant
Were observed. . A significant increase (p≤0.01) in levels of Na+
and K+
during 1-3 months and
Ca++ during 3-6 months, whereas the level of Cldecreased during pregnancy periods. A
significant increase (p≤0.01) in levels of Seand Mg during 6-9 months and a non- significant
increase in level of Cu during 1-3 months and 6-9 months, whereas the level of Zn, Fe and Mn
significantly decreased in all periods of Pregnancy in placenta infected women

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of aminophenol isomers
(o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol). The method is based on oxidative coupling
reaction of these compounds with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in the presence of cupper sulphate as
oxidizing agent in alkaine medium forming a reddish brown colour. The products show maximum
absorption at 440 nm, 480 nm and 445 nm for o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol
respectively. The molar absorptivities are 8.632×103
,9.33×103
and 9.1449 ×103
l.mol-1
.cm-1
for
concentrations obeyed Beer’s law in the range 1-20, 1-24 and 1-7 μg.ml-1
for the above compounds
respectively. The average recovery was ranged between 98.38% and 101.01% with relative standard
deviation < 1.6 for all the studied compounds. The 4-AAP products were formed in the ratio of 1:2
aminophenol isomers : 4-AAP. The stability constant of the products was 7.4 ×108
, 3.27×108
and
9.94×107
l
2
.mol-2
for o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol products respectively
indicating the good stability of these products

There is a growing need to produce asphalt materials with high economic feasibility, that is the
production of asphalt materials with rheological properties that differ from the base asphalt (unmodified
asphalt), can be used in many fields such as the production of paving asphalt, where it is not appropriate
to use ordinary asphalt.
This study included the modification of the rheological properties of Daura asphalt by catalytic chemical
treatment with thermoplastic polyurethane (Used in the interior parts of cars) using a microwave oven at
a power of (360) watts and at different periods of time. As well as treat asphalt samples with the
thermoplastic polyurethane in the presence of sulfur.
The modified asphalt samples were studied in terms of ductility, penetration, softening point and
penetration Index.
A sample with good rheological specification was selected (As7) that are conform with the specifications
of Iraqi Roads and Bridges Authority, The selected sample were studied in terms of conducting Marshall
tests and comparing them with the original sample in order to demonstrate the possibility of using the
modified sample as an paving asphalt. The obtained results showed good specifications in terms of crawl
and stability values.
An aging test was also conducted on the sample (As7) of the good rheological specifications.

In this study, we modify the rheolgical prioperties of asphaltic materials by addative and air blowing.
For this process, asphaltic materials have been oxidized by air blowing in the presence of anhydrous
aluminum chloride as a catalyst for this process . Air blowing was conducted in different condtions
of temperature and times using 0.5%(by weight) from catalyst, after determining the optimal
conditions for air blowing, we changged the percentage of catalyst to get the optimal perecentage
which can be using in modified process, then the asphalt was treated with the commercial adhesive
(EVA) in two phaths:
The first path was included addtion of different percentages from commercial adhesive under the
optimal condition from air blowing and perecentage of alaminum chloride.
The second path was included dissolved the commercial adhesive in the toluene and then the
modified process was conducted at same conditions in the first path, ( toluene was added to the
commercial adhesive by ratio (1:6) (weight of commercial adhesive: ml of toluene).
The results showe rheological properties that are compeletly different from the original asphaltic
materials . The study was gave modified asphaltic materials that can be using in different fields,
some samples can be using in paving as in samples
(AS19, AS24, AS25) and other as mastic or as flattening as in samples (AS15, AS16, AS17, AS21, AS22).
The usage of asphalitic materials in various fields depends on the measurments of different
properties such as (ductility, penetration, softining point ,asphaltens percentage, penetration index
,aging test, marshall test).

The chemical constituentisof three types of bituminous materials found in different conditions in
Mishraq sulfur Minewas studied. The FTIR spectroscopy showed reduce in the length of
hydrocarbon chains from the intensity of paraffinic bands in bitumenous materials of Frasch sulfur
Mine (BM) compare with natural bituminous materials (NB) and Bituminous materials which
extracted in-depth about 200 m without exposing to Frasch process condition (BB). The percentage
of asphaltene in (MB) which increases dramatically is found 63.64% compared with (BB) and (NB)
which 37.37% and 14.28% respectively and a similar decrease in percentage petrolene (maltene) . A
percentage of n-hexane fraction by silica gel chromatography of petrolene (MB) is 18.49% compared
with (BB and N.B) are 25.06 % and 47.05 % respectively while the cyclohexane fractions of
petrolene MB are four-time of N.B and three-time of B.B .
From all results, we conclude that a reaction has occurred between sulfur and bitumenous materials
especially hydrocarbon chains of Aromatics and naphthenic rings in sulfur well during Frasch
process which leads to an increase in asphaltene percentage and decrease of petrolene

Genetic basis of recurrent abortion is poorly understood, Single gene mutations, polygenic,
and cytogenetic factors are all found to show association with recurrent abortion. The analysis of
single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for enzymes which responsible for regulatory
of metabolic pathways (e.g. methylene tetra hydrofolate reductase), clotting factors (Factor V leiden
and prothrombin) and hormones and hormone receptors (progesterone receptor). This study included
(85) pregnant women who suffer from problems during pregnancy and the age range was between
(25-35) years. The samples were divided into four groups ,the first included pregnant women who
suffer from recurrent spontaneous abortion , while the second included pregnant women with missed
abortion , the third group included pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and positive
TORCH examination and the final group was considered a control group.
The result of the study showed a relationship between cases of pregnancy disorder and
genetic mutations of MTHFR gene at the (A1298C) site, the result of the study for a group of
women with RSA showed that the distribution of the mutant genotype CC was the highest 40% and
the repetitive alleles for this group was 57.5% for mutant allele C and 42.5% for normal allele A.
Also the group of missed abortion showed that the distribution of the mutant genotype CC
was the highest 40% and the repetitive alleles for this group was 52.5% for mutant allele C and
47.5% for normal allele A.
Whereas the group of women with positive TORCH showed that the distribution of
heterozygous genotype was the highest 50% and the repetitive alleles for this group was 32.2% for
mutant allele C and 67.8% for normal allele A.

In this Study the two compounds (1,2) ( 5-styryl- 1,3,4-oxadiazol- 2-amine and 5-styryl- 1,3,4-
thiadiazol- 2-amine ) were prepared by the reaction between ( cinammic acid ) and with of all
semicarbazide , thiosemicarbazide in the middle of concentrated sulfuric acid , Then schiff bases ( 3-
10 ) have been Prepared via by the condensation of compound ( 1,2 ) and the benzaldehyde
dervatives ( 4-chlorobenzaldehyde , 2-chloro benzaldehyde , 4-nitro benzaldehyde , 2,4-dimethoxy
benzaldehyde , 4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde ) . Finally, the new compounds ( thiazolidin-4-one )
( 11-18 ) Five heterocyclic rings were prepared by the reaction of (thioglycholic acid) with Schiff
bases . The synthesized compounds are identified by physical such as ( melting point , color change )
and spectral method such as ( IR , 1H- NMR )

The present work identified (8) cultivars belonging to the species Pyrus malus L. that included
("EarlyGold", "GrannySmith", "Royal Cala", "Red Delicious", "Golden Delicious", "Honey Crisp",
"Mcintosh" and Cox") as well as (6) Cultivars of the species Pyrus communis L. namely
("Coneference", Decana", "Bonica", "Alkhatuni","Alothmani" and "William) by using spectral and
chemical characteristics. The spectral study showed that different max appeared among all the
cultivars of the species, and the result of chemical study identified (7) phenolic compounds in
alcoholic extracts of leaves by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) including
(Apigenin, Kaempferol, Catichen, Rutin, Luteolin, Quercetin and Coumarin) using (7) standard
compounds for comparison among the cultivars. The compounds Apigenin, Kaempferol, Catichen,
Leuteolin and Quercetin found in all cultivars of the species Pyrus communis L. while Rutine,
Leuteolin, Quercetin and Coumarin found in all cultivars of the species Pyrus malus L. but
Kaempferol compound found only in "Early Gold", "Royal Cala" and "Honey Crisp". The cultivar
"EarlyGold" showed that lowest concentration of the compound Rutin (1.13) g/g and highest
concentration of the compound Quercetin (685.96) g/g.
The spectral and chemical characters showed a good taxonomic value in identification and
separation the cultivars of the two species.

The current study involved a comparative anatomical study for the cultivars belonging to the
species Morus L. cultivated in north of Iraq that included 14 cultivars of 6 species: M. alba L.
(ʽBeautiful Dayʼ, ʽBig Whiteʼ, ʽReaseʼ, ʽGreeceʼ, ʽPearlʼ, ʽBorder Sweetʼ and ʽPendulaʼ); M. latifolia
Poir (ʽKokuso Koreanʼ); M. rubra L. (ʽAmarahʼ); M. nigra L. (ʽShamiʼ); M. macroura Miq (ʽKing
Whiteʼ); ʽDwarfʼ and M. hybrid (ʽTiceʼ and ʽWellingtonʼ).
The anatomical study included (blade leaf, midrib and venation system) in addition to nonliving components (crystals) in the mesophyll of the blade leaf. The result of the anatomical
characteristics of (blade thickness, cuticle, epidermis cell, thickness and layers of palisade and
spongy tissue, thickness and shape of arc vascular curve, number and dimension of vessles in the
midrib and the shape of idioblast in cystolith). In addition to the venation system of the leaf which
found the Brochidodromous type in all cultivars excepted ʽBigWhiteʼ and ʽPendulaʼ cultivars of
species M. alba and ʽKokuso Koreanʼ cultivars of species M. latifolia founded from Craspedromous
type.
Certainly they have importance taxonomic value in the separation and identification among the
cultivars of the species studied belong to the genus Morus L.

In this paper, the nuclear track detector CR-39 with a thickness of 200 µm is divided to several
pieces. The area of one piece is 1 x 1 cm2
. This study has involved two parts. Fist part is without
irradiated by alpha particles. The second is irradiated by alpha particles with energy E = 1.2 MeV
using the 241Am radioactivity source and incident angles (0, 10, 30, 50)o
. All samples etching with
sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 6.25 N and a temperature of (70 ± 1) oC. The study
included calculating track parameters and comparing them with the results of the first equation from
the Track-Test program. This comparison showed that there is a good agreement between
experimental results and Track-Test data for track profile

The current study includes a comparison of a number of biochemical variables and the
percentage of fatty acids in the blood of patients with Laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer who were
diagnosed with the disease, as (25) samples were chosen for patients in the Oncology and Atomic
Medicine Hospital in the city of Mosul from various age groups, in addition to (25) samples of
healthy people. They did not suffer from any disease and in the same age groups as a control group.
Where a number of biochemical variables and the percentage of fatty acids were measured using
different techniques and the results of this study showed the presence of many significant
differences for the studied variables, which indicates the existence of a significant effect of the
studied disease condition on these variables.

In this work the synthesis of some substituted 1,2,4-triazoles and five ring system's reported. 2-(4-
Chlorophenoxy) acetic acid (S1) was synthesis from corresponding substituted phenol by its reaction
with chloroacetic acid in sodium hydroxide solution, the acids (Q1 and S1) esterified with methanol
and sulfuric acid to give esters (Q2 and S2) which converted to acid hydrazides (Q3 and S3) by their
reaction with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol.
The acid hydrazides (Q3 and S3) were treated with carbon disulfide in potassium hydroxide
solution to give potassium salts (Q4 and S4) the formed salts were treated with hydrazine hydrate to
give substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles (Q5 and S5).
4-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole (Q5 and S5) were converted to (Q6 and S6), (Q9 and S9) and (Q10 and
S10) by treating with CS2 in pyridine, urea and chloroacetic acid. While reaction of 4-amino-1,2,4-
triazole (Q5 and S5) with phenyl isothiocyanate gave thiosemicarbazide derivatives (Q7 and S7) that
converted to N-phenyl substituted 1,2,4-triazole (Q8 and S8).
The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical and spectral data.

A high voltage pulse generator was development and implemented. This generator has the capacity to
generate a sequence of pulses with a varying pulse height from 0 to 5 kV, and changes the pulse width in
???????? range. This generator has been tested and used to study the pulse glow discharge in argon by using
the capillary tube under pressure 0.3 to 0.5 torr. This study has succeeded to establish the nature of
discharge relaxation (plasma relaxation) when a high voltage pulse causes a breakdown in the gas
(converts to conducting case).The current decays when the obtained voltage pulse is switched off. The
electronic switching is a successful tool which can be used to generate high voltage pulses with
flexibility that help to adjust an adjustable peak height voltage pulse, pulse duration and pulse width.
The plasma returns to a neutral status when the current decay time is less than plasma relaxation time.
This mean that if plasma decays time is more than relaxation time the plasma will transit from pulse
glow discharge to continuous discharge. In this study the current- voltage characteristics in relation to
different gas pressures were in the abnormal glow discharge regime.

Many years ago there was a great interest in studying the existence of positive solutions for
fractional differential equations. Many researchers have considered the existence of positive
solutions of non-linear differential equations of non-integer order with integral boundary value
conditions using fixed point theorems.
G.wang et al.(2012) investigated the following fractional differential equations
????????
????????(????) + ????(????,????(????)) = 0, 0 < ???? < 1 with integral boundary value condition
????(0) = ????"
(0) = 0 , ???? (1) = ???? ∫ ????(????)????????
1
0
???????????????? 2 < ???? ≤ 3
λ is a positive number (0 < λ < 2), ????????
????
is the standard fractional derivative equation of Caputo who
obtained his results by means of Guo-krosnosel'skii theorem in a cone also A.Cabada et at. (2013)
established the following non-linear fractional differential equation with integral boundary value
conditions
????
????????(????) + ????(????, ????(????)) = 0 , 0 < ???? < 1
????(0) = ????′′(0) = 0 , ????(1) = ???? ∫ ????(????)???????? , ???????????????? 2 < ???? ≤ 3 , ???? > 0 , ???? ≠ ???? ,
1
0
????
????
is Riemann –Liovuville
standard fractional derivative. and ???? is a continuous function. The results were based on Guokrasnosel'skii fixed point theorem in a cone .
In this paper we investigate the existent results of a positive solution for the integral boundary
value conditions of the following system of equations:
????????
???? ????(????) + ????(????, ????(????)) = 0 , ???? ∈ (0,1)
????(0) = ????′
(0) = ????′′′(0) = 0 , ????(1) = ???? ∫ ????(????)????????
1
0
where 3< ???? ≤ 4 , ???? is a positive number , ???? ≠ 3 ,
????????
???? denotes Caputo standard derivative and ???? is
a continuous function.Our work based on Banach's and Schauder's theorem

A simple, precise and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is described for the assay of
Paracetamol in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations in the aqueous medium. The method is
based on the oxidation of the Paracetamol with an excess of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) in alkaline
medium and the residual oxidizing agent bleaches the purple-colored Eriochrome black-T (EBT) to
colorless species which is measured at 516 nm at room temperature. Calibration graph is linear over 0.5-
9 µg mL-1
and molar absorptivity is 3.7×104 L.mol-1
.cm-1
. The detection and quantification limits were
0.068 and 0.229 µgmL-1
respectively. The accuracy (Average recovery %) is 98.57, and Precision (RSD)
is ≤ 1.5. No interference effect has been observed from the excipients that exist in drug formulations.
The method has been applied successfully in the determination of the Paracetamol in its commercial
formulations (injection, syrup, and tablet), and compared favorably with other spectrophotometric
methods used different reagents. The reaction mechanism for the oxidation of Paracetamol and EBT was
postulated.

Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered the most important causes of urinary tract
infection, and recently the antibiotic resistance of this pathogen has increased dramatically. The study
aims at investigating the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogenic K. pneumoniae among
different ages of groups at both genders. 1737 urine specimens were collected from individuals
admitted to Zakho emergency hospital from January 2016 until December 2018. K. pneumoniae was
identified based on Gram stain, colony characteristics and biochemical tests, and then it was tested
for their antibiotic sensitivity. Out of all samples, 1076 (61.9%) showed significant bacterial yield.
The UTIs among females (64.3%) were statistically higher than males (46.5%) (P < 0.001). The age
group of 20-29 years was highly susceptible to UTIs (43%). Among the total UTIs, K. pneumoniae
represented 16.2%. K. pneumoniae in males (23.4%) was significantly higher than females (15.4%)
(P=0.03). The age group 40-49 years (32.2%) was the highest group that at risk for K. pneumoniae
infection. K. pneumoniae was highly susceptible to imipenem (100%) and was highly resistant
against cephalothin (90.8%). A high prevalence of UTIs were observed among the age group of 20-
29 years and the females had more risk of having UTIs. The males were more susceptible to K.
pneumoniae with higher prevalence in the age group of 40-49 years. K. pneumoniae showed high
sensitivity toward imipenem and high resistance to cephalothin. More awareness is required in all
healthcare sectors for regular surveillance of the use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the resistance
rates and to eradicate the pathogens.