Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

The changes in the biochemical composition of the ovary of Liza abu infected with
Myxobolus pfeifferi were studied. The changes in the ovary are marked by a significant
increase in moisture and total protein content concurrent with a significant decrease in fat
and glycogen. .
i In general, the changes in the biochemical composition occurred by the infection are
" A same to those occurring during starvation of fishes.

Forty sera of patients infected with Leishmania donovani and (10) sera from apparently
healthy subject were tested by single radial immunodiffusion to visualize the concentration of IgG,
IgM, IgA, C3 and C4. Recent results showed that there was a highly significant increase in the level
of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 but there were no significant differences in the level of IgA between the
two—studied groups.

In an assessment of cellular immunity in Guinea pigs following transfer factor and
sensitized spleen cell transfer using the erythrocytes: lyphocytes rosette test (E-rosette
test).
. The results revealed the following: p _
There is increase in the mean number of E-rosette forming active and total T
lymphocytes in the sensitized transfer factor and sensitized spleen cell recipient groups
comparable to control groups received normal spleen cell extract and normal spleen cells.
These findings indicate that E-rosette "forming cells are of cellular immunological
sinificance. .

This study had been done on twenty four healthy adult local female rabbits of
_ mean body weight of 2 kgm and mean age of 5 months were randomly allocated into four
groups of six ainmals eash; all groups were fed during the period of experiment on a diet
contained 0.5 % cholesterol and 14% coconut oil. The first group was regarded as control
and received 3ml of physiological saline orally‘ for a month. The second group was
drenched ethanolic extract of Taraxacum ojficirzale (500 mg/kg/day) for one month; the
third group first subjected to cholecystoctomy (removal of gall bladder) then drenched 500
mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of T. oflicinale for month also. The fourth group was treated
with atrovastatin (0.4 mg/kg/day) for one month also. Those females were joined with
males after treatment for a week to study the effect on fertility and reproductive capacity
and on fetal growth. Blood samples were taken from all groups at the end of the treatment
to know the effect on serum cholesterol and on enzymatic activity then after killing the
animals the following organs were taken for histological study.
They are pituitary and thyroid glands; ovaries and uterin from each animal of each
. group. The following results were obtained:-
1. The ethanolic extract of Taraxacum ofiicinale caused highly significant increase
(p<0.01) in SGOT.
2. Atrovastatin caused significant increase i(p<0.05) in SGOT.
3. Drenching Tofiicinale extract didnot cause any significant change in SGOT of
cholecystoctomised female rabbits. ’
4. The ethanolic extract of Tofficinale and atorvastatin had caused significant decrease
(p<0.05) of SGPT in intact female rabbits but caused highly significant decrease

The fertility and viability rates of hydatid cysts obtained from livers and lungs of
goat,camels and buffaloes were investigated .Out of (659) cysts (198 from goat,241 from
buffaloes and 220 from camels) .examined ,520(164 from goat ,156 from buffaloes and
200 from camels were fertile (containing living protoscolices).The mean viability rates in
-the liver cysts of goat camel and buffalo were (77.4%, 76.8% and 76.7%) respectively
whereas those in the lung cyst of the same hosts,in the same order were 81.2% 75% and -
84.65% respectively. The growth rate of lung cysts was slower than those of liver in all
hosts investigated.
. Three hosts investigated seem to be suitable hosts for Echinococcus granulosus
.However ,goats seem to be the most significant host that contributes actively in A
perptuation of life cycle of this parasite in Iraq .

The present study is to describe the histological characterization of rat neuromuscular
receptors and their density in relationship to extrafusal muscle fibres.
Neuromuscular receptors or (muscle spindles) were identified and isolated from fore
and hindlimb muscles and examined by the light microscope. The _average numbers and
densities of muscle spindles were found comparable to some other mammals. .
Each muscle spindle was contained 2-4 intrafusal muscle fibres . Three types of
intrafusal muscle fibres were distinguished as large (L), medium (M) and small (S).
All muscle spindles innervated by sensory and motor nerve fibres which branching
from spindle nerve trunk.

Tenormin (atenolol) orally daily for more than three years. The other This study had been
done on thirty blood samples drown from thirty men between 40-60 years of age half of them
suffering from hypertension and taking 100mg fifteen men were healthy and did not taking
any drug and regarded as control. Those blood samples were subjected to study some
hematological parameters such as hemoglobin percentage and total erythrocyticr and
leukocytic counts. Also isolation of leukocytes was done from both hypertensive patient and
control and study their activity by chemiluminescence method.
v Result showed that prolonged treatment by tenormin of 100 mg orally daily resulted in
significant decrease (P < 0.0l)in total erythrocytic and leucocytic counts as well as the same
significant decrease in hemoglobin percentage as compared with controls , it also resulted in
significant inhibition of activity of isolated leukocytes as measured by chemiluminescence
technique which resulted from their weak reaction with the luminescence material
(lucigenin)mixed with it in the measuring chemiluminescence apparatus which is an indication
of reduced immunological ability of those leukocytes in addition to their decreased number.

The pattern of growth and carcass composition of indigenous Iraqi black goats were
assessed through serial slaughter and carcass dissection of 36 kids at six different growth
phases. The general linear model procedure and allometric growth ‘equations were used to
assess the effects of various factors and differential growth of carcass components, '
respectively. Results showed that kids growth and carcass composition were significantly (P<
0-05 to P< O-O01) affected by the growth phase and sex of kids. The effects of growth phase
clearly showed that slower growth of the body and of carcass components were observed
during the third phase (i.e. after weaning). Although there was an effect on fat to lean ratios (P
_ < 005), growth phase had no significant effect on dressing out proportion, and lean to bone
ratios. A significant influence of sex (P < 0-O5) "was observed on lean to bone ratios. The
log/log regression of weights of dissectible carcass components on hot carcass and empty
body weight showed that the differential growth of bone was declining and that of lean was
isometric relative to the growth of empty body weight. For carcass fat, the allometric growth
coefficients (b) of 1.6 indicated that fat is a late maturing body component. Moreover the
growth of carcass fat relative to empty body weight in local goat was slower than that reported
for other goat breeds

The morphology and the Vasculaturc of the ltdncy of the Buffaloes was escr: lei
lined BL.lfI‘t-11005 kidneys was eorrc at u.
Information obtained from gross dissection o em )1 . Th‘ f wtionrll
with latex and Cold cure solution injected vascular and in excI‘et0TY 035” " u‘ ‘
significance of the renal apparatus was discussed

Biopsy were taken from 50 patients in order to cultivate Helicobacter pylori and
blood samples to detect anemia , differential white blood eellcount and blood groups .
The results showed that anemia was found in 48% of the patients while lymphocyte
elevated in 44% of them , blood group 0 had the higher percentage ( 42% ) in those
patients among the other blood group types" . ' . _ _
INTRODUCTION -
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microorganism that secretes many
substances including ammoina , mucolytic enzymes ( adhesins , catalase and urease ) and
acid secrete inhibitory proteins.(8) In addition to that it secrets toxin like vacuolating
cytotoxin A (vacA).(7). - —
Adhesin allows the organism to adhere , catalase might protect the organisum from
the immune system , urease increase the secretion of gastrin which stimulate the intestinal‘
tissues to grow faster , and so could result in increased cancer risk .Urease is reponsible for
hydrolyzing urea to NH3 and CO2, and acts as also protective by forming an alkalin
environment around the organism . The combination of NH3 ,_Co2 and inhibitory proteins
allows the bacteria to setup locallized pockets where it can neutralize even the acidity of
' blood type 0 stomachs
The genetics of the secretor and non —-secretor system interact to alter an
individuals risk for ulcer. In several studies , non—secretors of ABO substances have been
found to have significantly higher rate ofduodenal and peplic ulcer .( 8)
fl._ pylori infection increases the percentage of peripheral lymphocytes above the
upper limit of referential.values .(l0)e ' ‘
Recent evidence suggests that fl_. pylori infection could cause iron deficiency
anemia ( IDA ).(2). Adolescent femal athletes may have development of [_{_.__pylori
associated ( IDA ) which can be managed by Q pylori eradication (5 ) . H. pylori may
have a role in causing IDA in school-age children (3 )

As a component of a large research programme to evaluate the effects. of contaminants
on fish health in the fields , histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish
meat of causal relationships between contaminants exposure and various biological responses
and use of those responses as biomarker to aquatic pollution . Two fish species C. carpio
and L. abu were sampled from four sites near of industrialize and human pollution areas from _
Shatt Al-Arab River ,while the fifth place was considered as control because it's far located
from direct pollution sources . Some of histological and physiological alterations were
examined in both gills and blood . The alterations were significantly higher in fish collected
from two places ( 1 & 2 ) compare with other sites , histological was represented by
hyperplasia , hypertrophy , bleeding , inflammations , edema , necrosis , epithelial separation
and clubbing shaped , while , physiological was represented‘ by decrease of Na+ , K+ , Ca”
concentrations , Chloride cells number and increase of respiratory diffusion distance , in
addition to , increase of micronuclear of red blood cells . all fish in fifth place didn't showed
any histological and physiological responses and retained their rates of the normal level
compares with other places

Selected specimens of Carassius carassius fish were exposed to acute lead
concentrations (15 , 30 and 45 MgL ), for tow periods 48 and 96 hrs The exposure to lead
occurred changes in some blood parameter in treatment fish., There was an’ increasing in
the R.B.C. , Hb, M.C.H., blood glucose and blood lactic acid , These changes were more
clear after 96 hrs Whereas values of PCV and MCV showed decline significantly, blood
serpm also appeared disturb on ionic balance represented by decreasing in(Na+ , K+ and
Ca 2 ) after( 48 and 96 ) hours in treatment fish compare with control specimens.

The inhibitory effects of five extracts.‘ ‘(S0 aclueouis lethanollil ':abetone,' ethylacetate,
chloerform and water) from F oeniculum Vulgare (L) Mill, on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria
(seven isolates) and Gram-negative bacteria (seven isolates) werebyusing the paper disc plate
method (1). All the investigated extracts exhibited various degree of inhibition on all tested bacteria,
except 50% aqueous ethanal extract ‘which _was unable to inhibit the growth of Bacillus. subtilis A
bacteria

Four hundred milk samples were collected from 205 local breed ewes for the
detection of clinical and sub clinical mastitis. The incidenceof clinical mastitis '
was (7.25%) while that of sub clinical mastitis was (26.25%). I-Iistophilus Ovis was
isolated from natural cases of sub clinical mastitis of ewes and is a novel bacterium
A to Iraqi mastitis literature

The effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene dye were studied in rats by exposing skin directly
to the dye. Twenty one mature rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups and
I represented by (control group Tlgroup treated with ether (vehicle) only, and T2 group treated
with dimethylaminoazobenzene. dissolved in ether). The obtained results concluded the
carcinogenic effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene depending on marked grossly and histological
changes represented by appearance of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell
carcinoma) types in T2 group

The bacterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using
different cultures media and incubation temperature. The higher mean of mesophils and
staphylococci was found in the rumenal fluid of goat. While higher mean of psachrophils,,
colzform and fungi count was observed in the rumenal fluid of cow. Significant mean
difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed among cow, goat
and buffalo concerning the mesophils bacteria. Also significant mean difference was
observed in Escherchia coli mean count among goat, buffalo and cow rumenal fluid
microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of mesophils,
coliform, staphylococci and fungi. A freshly isolated. E.coli from rumenal fluid of goat had
antibacterial activity against Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus.

A total of 24 adult male aged 32 weeks from Iraqi local drakes were used in
this study to determined some semen characterization, drakes devided randomly into
three equal groups and subjected to three semen collection frequencies (once daily,
twice daily and once every 2 days) for- 18 consecutive days.
The study revealed the following results:
1- Semen characteristics of Iraqi local drakes were, semen volume 0.65ml,
spermatozoa concentration 3.52 X 10 9, sperm motility and Abnormality
81.64, 13.14% respectively, pll value 7.1 and individual motility 84.2%. The
concentration of glucose, protein and cholesterol in semen plasma were
95.8ml/100ml, 1.22mg/ 100 ml and 102.4 Mnol/ml respectively.
2— The total mean semen volume over 18 days period and total number of
spermatozoa produced by the drakes increased significantly as the collection
frequency in creased from once over 2 days to twice daily from 3.42 to
8.90ml and 5.85 x 109 to 10.72 x 109 respectively.
3- The average semen volume per collection and the average number of
spermatozoa per ejaculate decreased significantly as the collection frequency
increased from once over 2days to twice daily from 0.91 to 0.67ml and 1.96 X
109 to 0.92 X 10 9 respectively. 1-
, 4- No significantly difference showed on concentration of spermatozoa with the .
frequency of collection over 3 periods.
5- Analysis of semen from birds were ejaculated twice daily was showed that the
second collection inferior to the first in total number of spermatozoa, total
volume of semen and concentration of spermatozoa.

It can be prepared a good drug or antibiotic depending on this research .its same as
build a beautiful house depending on a good building factors, this research is about the
important relation between the biological activity (the activity against the microbes) and
stereochemical structure of the preparing compounds .To obtain this relation two ‘compounds
has been prepared and tested on different species - r j
(§_t.aureus, _F:._c_ofi, candida albicans), one of these two compounds has show more
activity than the other even the difference between them is simple, this question was push us
to study the more active compound (compound (l)), why it more active against the microbes,
_ also this question led us to estimate the important relation five factors effecting the relation,
th1s relation was obtained not from the two compounds only, but depending on more than
these compounds the relation was obtained, also preparing compounds in this research are
enough to illustrate the five factors leading to the important relation. _
‘To understanding the research idea or the important relation, compound (3) was
_ prepared which its more active than the two compounds. , '
All the three compounds have identify by melting point, solubility test, CHNSO analyzer, l.R.,
and uv-visible spectra

plant /I/ac van: is a green succulent .cactus-like plant belonging to the lily family
,The.plant has a history of use in folk medicine for skin and otherdisorders. The objective of
the study presented in this report was to screen the extracts of this plant for its wound-
- healing properties based on its traditional use for wound healing. ethanolic extracts was
prepared for topical applications. The dose used was 150 mg/kg daily for 10 days, using the
excision wound model in rabbits. Carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) was used as control in . ‘
topical studies. Animals were randomized divided to treatment or control groups, . Wound
areas were measured. At the day Il',skin .tissue was excised for histological studies" .
Wound areas reduced significantly in all treatment groups compared to respective controls (P
< .001). Histology outcomes were consistent with changes in the treatment groups. No
differences were detected within the treatment groups. The study permits the conclusion that
Aloe Vera has wound—hea‘ling potential

Sabouraud's dextrose (solid and liquid) medium has been used to examine the response of
Candida albicans to Cobalt , Nickel , Silver , Copper and Lead in three doses per each (10 , 25 and
50) mg/l in different exposure periods . In the solid medium the number of colonies was not
effected by all metals ions , except Ag ions'(25 and 50) mg/l which completely inhibited the
colonies numbers . In the liquid medium the effect of these metals on the growth was in the
following sequence Co , Ni . Ag , Cu and Pb respectively: '
Most elements studied: showed increase in- the ‘inhibition effect on the growth with A
increasing the ions concentration in the medium , whilethe inhibition effect decreased with the
increasing periods of exposure

An attempt wasmade to study the analgesic effect of oil extract of Nigella sativa .
seed, apple vinegar, honey and their combination. These materials were administered
orally to male mice and were tested using a model of animal of pain (hot plate test).
The result showed that N. sativa oil had a good analgesic effect, increasing hot plate
latencies by 57.7%. Similar analgesic effect was produced by apple vinegar. Honey was
much less effective; it produced only 52% increase in hot plate time. The effect of apple
vinegar and honey was dose dependent. Combination of N. sativa with vinegar or honey
did not result in enhancement of effect of N. saliva oil when measured, one hour after
administration. However, potentiation effect was found between N. sativa oil and apple
vinegar when the analgesic effect was measured at 4 and 6 hours after oral administration.