Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

In an experimental study was designed to evaluate the immunopathological effect of sensitized Mycobacterium bovis transfer factor in guinea pigs organs against challenge infection with these microorganisms.
The results of this study were showed the followings:
1: Transfer factor recipient group:It was showed an early aggregations of macrophages and lymphocytes (early granuloma) in lungs and liver and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and
macrophages proliferation in the paracortical region of mediastinal lymph node and in periarteriolar sheath areas in the white pulps of the spleen (T cell regions).These early granulomas were persisted during 2" and 4h week postinocultation and slightly decreased and disappeared during the 6h and 8h weeks postinoculation respectively.
2:Group of infection with Mycobacterium bovis:It was showed on extensive tubercuclous granutomatous lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and in the mediastinal and hepatic
lymph nodes.The lesions were initiated at 2nd week postinoculation and it gradually developed into extensive tuberculous granuloma with central caseation, during the 4h and 6h weeks
postinoculation.These lesions were persisted and continued during 8h week postinoculation. Two animals died at 7h week postinoculation due to generalized tuberculosis.
3:Transfer factor recipient group and challenged with Mycobacterium bovis. It was showed a well developed granulomatous reactions in the lungs, liver, spleen and mediastinal and hepatic lymph nodes. These granulomas consisted of aggregation of epitheliod cells, lymphocytes and few giant cells without caseastion. These granulomas were initated during the 2' week and gradually
increased in size in the 4h week and decreased at 6h week and completely disappeared during the 8th week postinoculation. No animals were died in this group. 4: Control group:It was showed neither morphological and nor histological lesions in the body organs.

This study was achieved on 75 cross breed cows ( Jarubi X fresian) , The PH of vagina
and its secretion was measured for all cows during the different oesturs phases ( proestrus estrus
and l:uring different stages of pregnancy ) PH was measured by using PH paper. Results revealed
that aginal PH of cows tends to be alkaline during proestrus; estrus and during luteal phase but
in case of pregnancy the vaginal PH becomes acidic on the contrary to that of ewes. Results also
indicated that there is no significant effect of neither cows age nor pregnancy frequency on PH
Values of cows vagina and its secretion; results also showed that vaginal PH and its secretion had
no signification effect on correlation between them.
Results cleared that it is possible to diagnose pregnancy by means of PH values during this stages of pregnancy in an accuracy of 100% in pregnant cows confirmed by rectal

The influence oi‘Ai'oe vera oil extract,on wound healing was studied topically, the study
involved preparation bf oil extract of Aloe vera ,also preparation of oil ointment was done
.The study‘ involved b8 female rabbits, they were divided A
into three groups (3"tf"St gm" a'"'"a' treated f°' (3 days) , 7th:second group treated for (7days) _
and 14"‘ day post wounding: third group treated for (14 days ).2full thickness incisional open
wounds were done on the shoulder region of each group animals The wound(treated and
control)were treated cpntinuously with 0.5mg oil ointment.
All wounds evaluated macroscopically to the degree of (hyperemia and exudation )and
microscopically to the neutrophil and macrophages infiltration ,re-epithelization fibroblast
proliferation with collagen deposition and new blood capillary formation. Both macroscopic
and microscopic results show the efficacy Show of Aloe vera oil extract in healing process as
compared with control wounds.

The study included the evaluation of tire haematological effects resulting from
intramuscular injection of ( 1 mg/kg ) of Li! ocaine (group A) , Diclofenac (group B)
and Lidocaine — Diclofenac mixture (group in experimental mice , as a result there
was a significant decrease in haemoglobin dpncentration and reached it's lowest value
in group C ( 7.04 gm/100ml ) . There was also a significant increase in both total
WBCS cpunt and eosinophils number reached it's highest number in group C ( 9.88 X
103/mm’ , ll.2 % ) respectively , while the highest number basophils appeared in
group B and reached ( 8 % ) , the same group showed a significant decrease in
neutrophils number which reached to ( 17.6 % ) . the a granulocytes ( lymphocytes
and monocytes ) showed no changes in number in all groups .

The baicterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using, different V
cultures mediia and incubation temperature. The Psychrophil, Camel, higher mean of mesophils,‘
psychrophilsj, coli form and fungi count was found in the rumenal fluid of sheep. While higher
mean of staphylococci and Escherichia coli count was observed in the rumenal fluid of camel.
Significant mean difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed
between camel and sheep and between sheep and cow concerning the psychrophilic bacteria Also _
significant mean difference was observed in E coli mean count among camel ,sheep and cow I,
rumenal fluid microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of
mesophils ,coliforrn ,staphy1ococci and fungi.
A freshly isolated _E.coli from rumenal fluid of camel had antibacterial activity against '
Streptococcus: spp and Staph aureus

The use of bovine saliva as a wound dressing rriaterial. In the present study, bovine saliva was_
applied to experimental by second intention on the eilrperimental wounds in rats , and it's effects on
_ epithelization, wound contraction newly formed granulation tissue. T f I
. We evaluated the time interval required for wound healing using a standard wound with and
without bovine saliva. The bovine saliva did interfere with a normal development of wound healing. -
Histological evaluation was considered to parameters the effect of bovine saliva on wound
healing. The effect appear to be due to an increase collagen activity , consequently improving the T
_ collagen matrix and enhancing the breaking strength by lysosomes with saliva

Out of 437 sheep inspected (1963 male and 2474 female), 242 (5.45%) sheep among 268
specimens collected from suspected cases of dermatophytosis, which had clinical lesions of
dermatophytic infections, that confirmed by positive culture on
(SDA+Chloramphenicol+Cycloheximide) supplemented with thiamine and yeast extract and /or by
direct microscopic examination using 10% KOH solution. The ringworm infections were varied
from summer months (June— October, 2005) to those of winter months (November.2005 to
March,2006) which were 59 (3.06%) and 183 (7.29%) respectively . The fungus affect both, the
.outer layers of the skin as well as wool. It was spread centrally outward causing more or less
circular areas of wool loss leaving scaly to powdery skin which was gray-white in color, measuring
2-10 cm. in diameter. The head, ears, loin, and neck were the most areas had been affected. The
only causative fungus isolated was Trichophyton verrucosum

The efficacy of oil extract of the seeds of Loranthus europeus on wound healing was
investigated. After the preparation of the oil extract, the oil ointment of L. europeus was
prepared. A preliminary biochemical analysis were carried out to find out the chemical
contents of L. europeus oil extract. The study involved 18 male rabbits, they were divided
equally and randomly into 3 groups depending on post wounding biopsy: p(3'd,7Ih and l4‘hday
post wounding). Two full thickness cut wounds were done on the both sides of shoulder
regions( the left wound as control and the left as treated wound) of each group of animals.
The treated and control wounds were treated continuously with (0.5mg) oil ointment and
Vaseline base respectively, for 14”‘ day twice a day. All wounds were evaluate
macroscopically which included "measurement of contraction rate, daily wound contraction,
hyperemia, exudation and scab formation." and microscopically for "neutrophil, macrophage
infiltration, re-epithelization, fibroblast proliferation with collagen production and new blood
capillary formation". A
Both macroscopic and microscopic results showed the efficacy of L europeus seeds in
promoting the healing process significantly as compared with control wounds (P<0.05). The
oil extract treated wounds showed significant increase in hyperemia, exudation and scab
formation, neutrophils and macrophages infiltration, fibroblast proliferation with collagen
production and formation of new epithelium (re-epithelization), contraction rate and daily
wound contraction at 3”’ day post wounding, as compared with control wounds, but these
categories showed reduction at 7”‘ day except in macrophages, re—epithelization and
‘ fibroblast with collagen production which all showed significant increase at 7"‘ and 14"‘ days
post wounding as compared with control wounds. The preliminary chemical analysis for
oil extract showed the presence of Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Aldehydes & Ketones,
Trifrepenoides groups, protein and Polysaccharides, while Alkaloides, Flavonoides and
Saponins are absent.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect ofchitosan sheets on wound healing process and
its activity as a wound dressing materials. Accordingly chitosan sheet was isolated and prepared
from the exoskeleton of the native shrimps in Basrah Province. Twenty-four male rabbits were
used and two full-thickness circular cuts (2cm in diameter) were made on the dorsal aspect of
each rabbit. The healing process was evaluated macroscopically by evaluation of the properties of
chitosan sheets on wound in terms of (adherence, absorption, and fluid accumulation) on different
intervals (i.e.lSt,3’d,7‘h,and 15"‘ post wounding day). On the other hand the contraction rate in tested
liand control wounds were evaluated during different intervals (i.e. at lS‘,3' ,7‘ ,and I5“ post wounding
day).The healing process was evaluated microscopically in terms of (infiltration of neutrophils and
macrophage infiltration, new blood vessels and fibroblast proliferation and Re—epithelialization).
. The result of macroscopic evaluation showed that chitosan sheets were firmly adherent to
' . the wound with underlying mild fluid accumulation during the first three post wounding day. At
, the same time the sheets started to disappear and completely absorbed at 7' day after wound
breation. The result of the effect of the chitosan sheet on wound contraction demonstrated that the
bontraction rate of tested wounds was significantly higher than in control wounds through the
lperiod of experiment. In the treated group complete wound closure with contraction rate of 100%
was reached at 103‘ post wounding day while the control wounds failed to close completely till the
’ lend of experiment at 15‘ day. The results of microscopic evaluation of wound healing process were
demonstrated significant increase (p<0.05) infiltration of neutrophils in test wound at the first post
‘wounding day then decrease and completely disappear while persist in control wound. Infiltration
of macrophages significantly increased (p<0.05) in tested wound during the period of experiment.
§The fibrovascular granulation tissue and Re-epithelialization significantly more obvious in tested
iwound than in control wound through the period of experiment (p<0.050).

This study was conducted on the genital tract of 214 ewes in Basrah province. The
specimens were randomly collected from Basrah slaughter house within the period from
' December 2003 to April 2004. l
The study aimed to evaluate and describe the different types of abnormalities affecting
the genital tract of ewes both grossly and microscopically. - ‘
' The gross examination of collected specimens was confirmed by histological examination.
Pathological changes were found in 46% of the total cases.
Uterine abnormalities comprised (70%) whereas ovarian abnormalities comprised
(24%) and oviduct abnormalities were (6%).The commonest pathological conditions of the
uterus was endometritislwhich comprised (24.76%) of pathological conditions. followed by
endometrial hyperplasiai (2.33%) and pyometra (1:86 %). V I
T The commonest abnormalities of the ovary are ovarian cysts (4.2%), followed by Para
ovarian cysts (3.27%) and ovarobursal adhesion (2.8%). _
The abnormalities of the oviduct were less common and hydrosalpinx was the
- commonest lesion (0.93 %). _ .
2 _ Neither congenital nor neoplastic abnormalities were detected in this study. . '
The study concluded that acquired pathological conditions are the major causes of
abnormalities of the genital tract, of which endometritis is the most common. Thus,‘ the low
reproductive rate of ewes may be attributed to that fact.