Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Three preparations of dried oleander leaves were prepared. The first one was by extraction with hexane; the second by extraction with 70% ethanol while the third was suspended as a whole ground leaves in distilled water. Different concentration of each form was prepared and the range of lethal dose in mice had estimated by pilot studies. The acute toxicity study was carried out by determine the median lethal dose (LD50) after administration of each preparation using 5 subgroups (10 mice) each receive dose range from 60-64 mg/kg, 504-536 mg/kg and 1100-1300 mg/kg for the hexane extract , ethanol extract and leave suspension respectively.
The lethal dose calculated by employing probit method and found to be; 62.6 mg/kg for hexane extract, 521.0 mg/kg for ethanol extract and 1164.8 for leave suspension.
This result indicates that the toxic constituents of the leaves are mostly non-polar, also that the potency of toxicity is far less than that mention in some literature.

The present work making histological investigation of certain part of medulla oblongata on seven one humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in different ages and sexes, the Trigeminal V, Abducent VI, Facial VII, and Vestibulocochlear VIII nerve nuclei in camel was noticed.
These nuclei are in close resamble in other mammals in location and the cells ( neuron ) type found in these nuclei. This study help to present an information on these nuclei cytoarchitecture and thier location, and may answers of many question about this animal (Camel ) which walking across huge deserts.

Out of one hundreds heads of cattle slaughtered in Dohuk abattoir of Iraq – Kurdistan region , Sarcocystosis showed to be occur in percentage of 81 – 96 % for microscopic cysts( microcysts ) of Sarcocystis spp. of cattle by several diagnostic techniques ( gross examination , trichinoscopy , squeezing method and post trichinoscopy drop examination ) which are varies in their efficiency depending on organ and the parasitic stage that can be detected by the used technique .
The seasonal effect showed to be not effect in the distribution of the infection and that very important in the epidemiology of the disease as occur through statistical analysis.

End toxin is responsible for different changes in body systems. This study was conducted to study hematological changes by using 20 rabbits, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, then gave intravenous endotoxin doses 5, 15 and 20 µg/Kg body weight for groups I, II and III respectively, while group IV gave PBS as a control.
The hematological findings included marked leukopenia due to neutropenia followed by marked leukocytosis with left shift associated with lymphocytosis, monocytosis and basophilia. Total erythrocytes, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were increased during first hour, while the following time showed gradual decrease to develop anemia, which manifested by macrocytic hypochromic, in relation to the increased mean corpuscular volume and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Also thrombocytopenia, while the total plasma protein and fibrinogen showed pronounced increased due to endotoxemia

Results of the present investigation on infection of Trypanorhychid cestode infestation of marine fishes of Khor –Abdulla North west Arabian Gulf throws June 2006 to May 2007 . revealed to presence of four different species Trypanorhychid cestodes:-. :Callitrahynchus gracilis , Dasyrhynchus pacificus from Scomberoides cammmersoniaus ; Nybelinia lamonteae from Saurida undosquamis ; Otobothrium penetratus from Synaptura orientalis ;Pterobthrium hira from Illisha elongata. which all represented as a new locality recorded parasite

The activity of water and ethanol extracts of Ruta graveolens and Cuminum and the essentioal oils of the groups A and H were evaluated on the termites workers of Microcerotermis gabriles in the laboratory with different concentrations.
Result showed that ethanol extracts of R.graveolens , C. cyminum were the most effective in mortality significant differences from other extracts in filter paper treatment which cause 71.6%, 73% respectively in concentration 10% in 24 hour and increase to 100% after 72 hour of treatment
Direct method contact showed that powder of C. cyminum was the most effective in mortality with rates 66.6 % for period 10 minutes and increase to 100% after 72 hour of the same period.
All tested plants extracts was repellent to termites and the essential oil of C. cyminum was the effective once.

The offal’s of (380) slaughtered camels were examined for Hydatidsis in Najaf abattoir between January and December (2002). The total incidence of infection was (17.9%) and it was much higher in older camels (19.23%) while it was (9.16%) in younger ones.
The distribution of cysts in lungs, livers, and spleens was (16.5%), (1.57%), and (0.53%) respectively.
The fertility rate was (50.2%) which reflect their significance in the epidemiology of the parasite and reveal that those dromedaries Hydatidosis could play a significant role in the epidemiology of infection

Keywords

The reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole with mercury (II)acetate in absolute methanol gave (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) mercury(II) chloride (DMPMC), which characterized by microanalysis, 1H, and 13C-NMR and IR. It was found that 0.22M of (DMPMC) dissolved in ethanol/water added to Muller-Hinton Agar medium and Sabourauds-Dextrose agar medium (SDA) respectively, inhibited the growth of some gram negative bacteria [Escherichia-coli, Klebsiella-aerogenes and Pseudomonas-aeruginosa], also gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus-aureus, Streptococcus-pyogenes] and Candida-albicans as well as some fungi [Aspergillus-flavus, Aspergillus-fumigatus and Aspergillus-niger]. Higher concentrations of (DMPMC) solution in to the media inhibited growth of bacteria yeast and fungi under studies more strongly. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)and the cytotoxicity of (DMPMC) were studied against human being blood , it was found that it has no haemolysis at different concentrations in vitro

This present study was designed to investigate the effects of two levels of cadmium chloride (30 and 40 part per billion (ppb)) in drinking water on body weight, relative weight of testes and epididymus (head, body, tail), diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules. Eighteen mature male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups; the control group (GI) were given ordinary tap water and animals in the first treated group (GII) were received 30 part per billion (ppb) of cadmium chloride in drinking water; while animals in the second treated group(GIII) were given 40 ppb of cadmium chloride in drinking water. Weight of animals were taken at the pre-treated period and every three weeks during the treated period. At the end of experiment the animals were killed, testis and epididymus were taken in order to measuring their weight. Samples testis were taken for histological study and for measuring the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the cells lining their. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the mean body weight of animals in the groups including the control (GI).The results also pointed to occurrence of a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the relative weight of testis and epididymus of both cadmium treated groups. Besides a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean of diameter the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the cells lining them were occur after exposure to cadmium chloride. Concerning the histological study of the testis the results showed presence of acute necrotic changes modified by vaculation of cytoplasm of sertolli cells with decrease in number of spermatogenic cells, GIII group were more affected than GII group. On conclusion, cadmium chloride in drinking water (30 and 40 ppb) caused functional change in spermatogenesis in adult male rabbits

The aim of this study to determinate the toxic effect for different concentrations of organphosphorous pesticide called Chlorpyrphous, some histological and physiological features of the internal organs of ( Mus musculus ) mice by oral administration. The experimental mice were oral administration of (0.1mg.kg and 0.2 mg /kg. ) twice weekly during 3 weeks. After 21 day of experiment the (GOT, GPT )enzymes and urea and total protein were estimated . The following organ were taken for histological studies: liver, kidney, lung, stomach, intestine, and testes.
The histological studies were carried out on the liver and kidney. The results of this study showed that the oral administration of chloropyrphose in some histological changes in kidney and liver. and elevation in the level of GOT of GPT enzyme also urea and protein.

The microbiological quality and skin appearance of poultry carcasses were determined after acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide spray. Acetic acid at 1% concentrations showed a significant effect(P<0.05)in reducing total mesophilic bacteria count, total coli form count, Escherichia coli count and Staphylococcus aureus count when compared with a sample without treatment,10.50x103,1.03x103,7.5x101,1.05 x102 and 27.47x103, 2.71x103, 4.41x102, 2.74x102 cfu/cm2 respectively. No differences were observed in skin appearance due to 1% acetic acid treatment. Hydrogen perioxide at 1% concentrations did not significantly(P>0.05) effect the microbial load when compared with asample without treatment,26.33x103, 2.61x103,3.70x102,2.63x102and 27.47x103 ,2.71x103,4.41x102,2.74x102 cfu/cm2 respectively. The skin of carcasses treated with H2O2 ,was bleached and bloated.

The effect of aspirin( non steroidal anti-inflammtory drug a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) as antifungal has been studied against some opportunistic fungi : Aspergillus flavus , A. niger , A. terreus ,Cryptococcus neoformans, Penicillium sp . and Trichoderma sp.
Aspirin was showed a potent activity against all tested fungi in vitro . Aspirin gives the greatest effects in a concentration of 1000 µg , 2000 µg and 3000 µg causing 100% inhibition .

Destruction of spleen and kidney components in C. idella started on the 17th day in specimens subjected to 20 µg•L-1 Cd . The spleen was actually destructed after 73 days of exposure to 60 µg•L-1 Cd , where the two pulps can not be distinguished clearly, as the splenic blood vessels contained less blood cells . The kidney showed a complete destruction and the hematopoietic tissue lacked a distinguishable border whereas the necrosis covered large area after 60 days at 60 µg•L-1Cd .
The degree of destruction was lineary proportional to concentration of toxicant and period of exposure although the period was somewhat more effective .
It was concluded that the histological alterations in spleen and kidney could be used as an indicator for water pollution with cadmium and for fish health as well .