Kufa Journal of Arts

The topic of the research titled "Execution of the Mortgaged Money in the Commercial Mortgage Contract" is devoted to studying the provisions of execution on the mortgaged money provided by the mortgaged debtor as a documentary of the debt that he borrowedfrom the mortgagee in connection with a commercial transaction between them. As commercial relations prevail in many debt relations that are characterized by urgency and speed, which in some cases the debtor is unable to pay the debts, as the creditor resorts to a commercial mortgage guarantee as one of the important legal guarantees to recover the value of the debt and its benefits granted to the debtor. Where the commercial mortgage is one of the most important ways to instill confidence in returning theborrowed money to the mortgagee creditor. The nature of the relationship between the creditor and the debtor turns into a debt relationship. The debtor’s inability to fulfill the debt creates many difficulties in the value of the debt when the current debtor is unable to ulfill the debt on the due date, and the mortgage Commercial is considered as a legal guarantee for the creditor of the commercial debt, that is, it plays a fiduciary role in commercial operations, business development and commercial activities

The research topic deals with the structure of the Arabic poem in the poetry of Al-Sharifain Al-Radhi and his brother Al-Murtada. This is due to its importance in artistic study and the interest of most poets in it; Therefore, it is considered a pillar in the poetic construction.The study included an introduction to the definition of the construction and the poem, and three demands, the first: the integral poem, the second: the direct poem with one purpose, and the third: the construction of the composition, then the conclusion.Keywords:construction; The poem;The Insider; Introduction; Well-disposed; the purpose; Conclusion; The direct poem; Tracks

The study aims to reveal the relationship and influence between competitive intelligence through its sub-dimensions and the empowerment of human resources at the level of a sample of workers in Al-Hayat private Hospital, based on a main problem that was diagnosed by several questions that included the extent to which the relationship and the impact between variables are perceived in the field.In order to root the cognitive foundations, the study adopted a model (Strauss & Dutoit, 2010) to measure competitive intelligence, which consists of four dimensions: (planning, collection, analysis, communication) and a model (Blanchard et al., 1999) to measure human resource empowerment, which included four main dimensions (Freedomand independence, information sharing, work teams, organizationalpower). The questionnaire was adopted as a main tool in collecting data and information for the study, as well as some personal interviews with the sample members who were represented by a group of leaders and followers in Al-Hayat private Hospital. The study sample included (165) individuals, distributed among the departments and divisions of the organization in question (administrative division, accounts, medical laboratories nurses, pharmacists, doctors). For the purpose of statistical analysis and treatment, the study relied on testing the normal distribution of the study data and a set of descriptive statistical measures. Basic structural tests for the validity of the approved measures were used, such as testing the internal consistency methods, which include (combined reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, extracted mean test, confirmatory factor analysis). Measuring the influence relationship to estimate the impact factor and the coefficient of determination. These methods were used by statistical programs (SPSS V.24. Smart Pls). Through the study, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which was the interest of the workers in Al-Hayat private Hospital, the study sample, in competitive intelligence, which is one of the relatively recent concepts that expresses the added value adopted in the development of business organizations, strategic planning and market research, and works to deliver important information to the higher management about What competitors intend to do and enable them to take strategic decisions related to understanding the external environment, contribute to the development of organizational knowledge in the market, improve the quality of their services and products, and ensure improved performance and thus achieve competitive advantage by relying on human resources empowerment, which gives workers flexibility, adaptation and effective response in dealing with the work environment The internal affairs on the one hand and with customers on the other hand, without referring to the administration, since the approach to empowerment of the human resource helps in improving the quality of relations between employees and customers and makes the focus of the senior management focused on long-term strategic issues and not being preoccupied with daily routine matters.

The researcher dealt with the study of education in the holy city of Karbala, as it is one of the important historical Islamic cities, whose religious schools were flourishing in study, especially the seminary ones. It enables them to meet the requirements of daily life,in addition to raising their level of service and health, which increases the chances of their participation in political life, and enables them to contribute better to the economic development of their country, and reduce their poverty and ignorance. Theresearcher chose the time period 1968-1979 for his study as being A period of time that differed in its features and characteristics from those before it in all fields, including the field of education and its development.Key words:Education-Karbala-the economic

The establishment of the city of Kut is one of the most important urban centers in WasitGovernorate. This city has grown on the banks of the Tigris River as a small village that has grown on the western side of the Tigris River. It derives the characteristics of its spatial character from the elements of its distinctive geographical location, which made it an important link between the governorates of the middle Euphrates and the southern governorates. The city of Kut went through three morphological phases through which its urban structure and spatial character were formed, as the urban landuse systems grew through it, especiallyThe community services sector in it, whose growth coincided with the development of the city's morphology, while the second morphological stage constituted the most prominent era in the city's life, as it formed itsurban character and administrative capacity that it upgraded and that contributed to the development of urban land use systems in it. As for the prominent personality of the city of Kut, it has t was formed in the third (contemporary) morphological stagein which the city developed with its various urban institutions

The research section is(the contents of describing nature in abook Tohfatul-Qademstudy in art and subject)on for axes,the first of them has been marked( Ibn al-Abar al-Balance and his bookTohfatul-Qadem)the second round came(Description about noisy nature)the third axis came( Description about fluid nature)the fourth axis came with a study(technical performance description of nature in abookTohfatul-Qadem) the research reached a set of results, which were indicated by the conclusion of the research

This research deals with stylistic deviation inthe Diwan (Take Me As You Like It), by the poet Muhammad Hussein Allawi Ghaibi, as this phenomenon is one of the most prominent distinguishing features of stylistics, in addition to being one of the important phenomena for the Arabic language; Because of its richness in the new vocabulary, which results from the displacement of the familiar formulas and structures, and shows the flexibility of this language, and its voluntarism in the course of changes, the research contributes to revealing the aesthetic impact left by the displacement, and the poet’s ability to discover what is new. And mastery in its use, and increase the culture of the recipient by familiarizing himself with all the new structures and methods

The research revolves around the afford of the modernists in the word as they made it a sentence or take the place of the sentence and suffice it for the completeness of the meaning without the need for interpretation and appreciation, but it is sufficientif the denominator, the context and the clues help the full meaning , and the reaserch had had the word in the language , In their division of the sentence that they suffice with appreciation and interpretation of the meaning as a basis for that, and theydid not need to complete the pillars in what they called the words sentences if the meaning is complete and it is better to be silent with the context, and they called this word that is satisfied with many names that will be dealt with in the research.

The monthly image is from imagination data, and it is in poetry in the imagination in employing the lot for creativity with us. My poetry and how that employment is what distinguishes the poetic image in the poet’s poem.It is a product of the activities of the imagination and the activity of the imagination does not mean the transfer of the world and half of what it means to reconfigure the underlying relationships between phenomena and the combination of opposing elements into an integrated artistic unit organized by the feeling of a novice full of feelings and feelings in the picture is always unrealistic, but rather a resort from reality to Mansoura. Its essence is to the world of thought, and more than its belonging to the realm of reality, as it is a marriage between sense and meaning in order to grow and become mature in an artistic form.Artistic tools, that is, the process of melting the basic reality in the writer'simagination to form an image identical to the perceived reality in content and contradicts it in a form in the activity of the imagination that melts, fades, breaks and creates anew and shows the importance of the poetic image in that the poet moves us through this world to another world other than

Qur’anic studies, in the past and present, have been striving to understand and study the sciences of the Noble Qur’an in all its arts. For the sake of these sciences, the science of occasions is the pillar of the Qur’anic miracle as it sheds light for consideration and understanding to clarify the meanings and the miraculous interconnection of the Qur’an from the first surah to the last surah. This science was not fully taken care of by researchers and scholars, but rather they dealt with it in part, especially since the science of occasions shows us that the order of the Qur’an came from the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) from God Almighty. Which has infinity, it can only be in the geometrical form that it came with, otherwise it would have gone its system, eloquence and eloquence. We found that the structure of the Noble Qur’an is the science of occasions, proof of its coordination, arrangement, organization, and eloquence. We will analyze Surat Al-Tin and Al-Zaytoun asa model to see how the verses were linked, linguistically and historically, in turn, forming

German Philosopher Christian Wulffis a prominent representative of Enlightenment philosophy in eighteenth –century Germany , his educational compositions were widely known and had an impact on the thinkers of his time and the subsequent periods of time , Therefore , we find that it has a clear impact on Immanuel Kant , as it affected the philosophy of Friedrich Hegel , and in spite of that , Wolf is considered by most researchers to follow the philosophy of Leibniz and that he lacks intellectual originality . Which became clear through the research that it is correct in the general framework and not absolutely, as Wolff had quwstions in which he opposed the philosophy of Leibniz, including his rejection of the monotheistic doctrine (monads), as well as his rejrction of the mathematical logic that Leibniz called for and he went to that the optimal approach to philosophy is the deductive approach

جاء هذا البحث ليكشف عن تمثلات الماء في شعر المعلقات، مركزاً على الجوانب السردية، من خلال الحوار وما له من دور في تنمية السرد وتطويره، مع بيان دور الوصف وأهميته في تشكيل الخيال عند الشعراء، الأمر الذي يمكنهم من تقديم صور حية عن طبيعة الحياة الجاهلية، وما يشاهدونه في بيئتهم من خلال ترجمته في قصائدهم الشعرية.

The research aims to clarify the importance of the concept of "language games" for Wittgenstein, then investigate its various manifestations in the following criticism and thought, especially the religion that postmodern and post-structuralist theories owe, as well as theories defending modernity, and finally among the interpreters, Thus, the research tried to shed light on someof the topics that fall within the circle of language games and the accompanying concepts, represented by “the form of life”, family similarity, and everything that the metaphor of the game refers to in Wittgenstein’s intention, which was manifested in Lyotard through his formulation of a postmodern cognitive theory It is based on the concept of language games, as well as the most important concept of "discord", its emphasis on pluralism and difference, while Habermas tried to restore the libertarian theory of modernity, by investing Wittgenstein's concept in his theory of communicative action. The concept of play was central to the work of the German philosopher

Grammarians have been describing the grammatical phenomena in their works, using terms that describe those phenomena, and reveal its important, and what each one distinguishes from the other. Their use was not limited to one description, but rather, they use the description according to their need for clarification. As for the term "abstractions", grammarians used it a lot, they described many chapters of grammar by it. They have used this description by its various forms; as (abstracted), (abstracted), (abstract) and so on. We have looked closely at the abstraction of words from one another, it turns out that there is an effect behind every abstraction that occurred in speech. I havespotted a bunch of these effects, so, I stopped at them to show their importance. Then I divided the research into two parts: The first part: The abstracting in the grammarians' works showing abstraction in language and terminology, then, the similar meanings. I clarified the link between abstraction and taking the evidence off, and I revealed the word of abstraction in the works of grammarians. The second part: The effect of abstraction to direct a speech evidence, I clarified the importance of abstraction on the speech directing. Finally, I concluded the research with a conclusion including the most important results

There is no doubt that the Prophet Muhammad( peace be upon him and his family), was sent to all people in addition to the jinn, considering that the main function of the jinn and mankind is Worshiping and uniting GodAlmightyWith the evidence of God's saying{And I did not create the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me}, Although the title is a bit strange, I sought to list the friends of The Messenger of God (PBUH) from the jinn and the statement of their companionship with him, which was mentioned in the book“the callers from the Jinn” by Ibn Abi Al-Dunya (d. 281 AH),I have sought to prove first the existence of the jinn in the Islamic culture through the Holy Qur’anic text and what was mentioned by the Noble Prophet ( God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) about them, then to mention their companionship with him ( PBUH).

The mental image defines and draws the features and characteristics of people, institutions and states, and the weakness or strength of this image depends on the nature of the individuals' connection with the institution, the state or people, and through this connection, the mental image towards things can be determined.The research problem of the research is to determine the features of the mental image of the College of Nursing at the University of Kufa among students of the fourth stage, The objectives of the research are to determine the extent of the college's interest in its students, determine the extent of the scientific benefit that students have achieved during their studies, know the efficiency of the teaching staff, and the scientific reputation that the college enjoys, This research is classified within the descriptive research, as the researcher relied on the survey method and the use of the questionnaire analysis tool, as the research community was determined by the students of the fourth stage in the College of Nursing at the University of Kufa, and the researcher relied on the random sample method.

The end of the second world war in (1939-1945) is a prominent turning point in international relationships -New powers have appeared they have an essential role in the international policy -They are united States of America leader of western countries Soviet union leader of Eastern countries , The fifties witnessed series of attempts by western countries to impose western projects and alliances to encircle the soviet union to limit his activity and prevent the expansion of his influence in the middle East -especially the Arabian region to preserve its economic interests and to protect Israel of Arab attacks , Among these projects and alliances , The Triple statement in ( 1950 ) , The Middle East Defence command project ( 1951 ) , Baghdad's Pact ( 1955 ) ,but Syria rejected all these projects and considered them an interference in internal affairs of the Arabian States especially Syria

Analogy is a figure of speech used in different fields including advertising. Metaphor and simile are the figurative devices used for creating analogy. Unlike metaphor and simile, analogy has not received enough attention from researchers. There are limited number of studies on analogy as an independent literary phenomenon and is rarely studied as a persuasive tool used in advertising. Accordingly, the main aim of this study is to highlight successful applications of analogy in advertisements to demonstrate its persuasive effect in directing the audience to purchase the products being advertised. Also, it is aimed at revealing the pragmatic strategies and persuasive appeals contribute in making persuasive analogy. The main findings of the study have been: 1) analogy is an effective figure of speech which plays a significant role in the field of advertising to raise the audience’s interest and respectively raise the essence of persuasion; 2) the use of images (visual metaphor) are noticeably greater than verbal figurative devices; 3) with regard to the speech acts, directive and representative have been used most frequently; 4) the advertisers relied mainly upon metaphor in creating advertisements, while little use of similes have been made; and 5) pathos has been the main appeal the advertisers employed for the purpose of persuasion.

Persuasion is a complicated procedure and there are certain people who are regarded to be gifted to persuade someone or some people. Ordinary speech can not be used to persuade someone. This paper has tackled the use of symbolism and irony by public figurelike actors or T.V. shows presenters to persuade people to do the right things. Five speeches have been selected to be the data of the study. It has been found that all the four speakers use symbolism very often due its great effect on people when they need persuade them, where the use of irony was very rare because irony always involve comic meaning, and this will not help the speakers to persuade anybody. A table has been designed to show the frequency of the symbolism and irony in those four speeches.

The present study tries to check the phonosemantic meaning that sounds have in some selected Hollywood action movies’ titles. The study adopts the Universal Theorythat Agrawal suggested (2010) as a model for the analysis. The chosen movies are those movies which won or were nominated for the Oscar award and other awards, such as BAFTA.The study can reveal the association between the selected movies’ titles and their events. The present study is intended to accomplish the following objectives: First shedding light on the phonological features and patterns that are found in the titlesof the selected movies. Second, finding out the association between the sounds and the meanings of the titles and their reflection on the events of the related movies, and third, checking phonologically the stylistic features of the sound patterns in titles of the chosen movies. Among the most important conclusions of the study are: Sounds are meaning-bearing elements and titles reflect the events of their movies. :

The current study aims to examine the representations of women in Jordon Peterson's bestseller self-help book “12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos”. Through a qualitative analysis of 12 extracts, the current study provides a critical discourse analysis via employing sociosemantic categories through which women are referred to in the data. To that end, the study utilizes Van Leween’s (2008) model of Social Actor Representation (henceforth SAR). The study found that the representations of women are driven by certain gender ideologies which in turn reflect the author’s perspective and beliefs concerning women and women related issues.

This study is an attempt to pragmatically reveal how sarcasm is used by D. Trump to express and represent racism as an ideology in discourse. Trump’s Announcement Speech is purposefully chosen as the data of the current study because it is believed that issues related to racism are revealed through this speech.In other words, the study analyzes the pragmatic strategies used by President D. Trump in some excerpts taken from his speech where the expression of racism by the use of sarcasm is expected.

This paper deals with Meena Alexander (1951-2018), one of the most influential Indian English poets. It focuses on her poetry which explores the relationship between Indian culture and the British culture, as well as the bond between memory and present reality.In this paper, a study was undertaken to investigate Alexander's works that dramatize postcolonial tension and resistance in independent India. The many power dynamics that marginalize individuals in the postcolonial ear on the basis of class, culture, gender and religion are discussed. As a result, it is clear that colonial power abuse has vanished, only to be replaced by interior exploitation.This paper also deals with her diasporic experience and her perspectives on creating a home, both living and literary, as well as an independent identity of her own via her literary productions

Discourse-stylistic has the benefits of an eclectic methodology as well as an organized study. Also, itcan establish a connection between literary and linguistic studies. A discourse-stylistic analysis is presented in this study of a poem of a well-knownpoetof the British literature,Gerard Manley Hopkins. Accordingly,this study aims to discuss how cohesionmight contribute tointerpretingand understanding poetry. Besides, it shows how stylistic analysis shapes the meanings of literary texts. Therefore, the significant of the present study is based on the fact that it contributes to the understanding of how linguistic and stylistic analysis of a text can be made to elucidate the features and meanings of texts. Based on the results and findings, the study has drawn the following conclusions: through this study, a discourse-stylistic analysis of the selected poem has shown that there is a distinction between poetic and non-poetic language. Furthermore, the words selected by the poet have a big influence on how meaning is developed. Therefore,

Pragmatic awareness is of great impact on L2 teaching and learning; however, it is generally neglected in most EFL studies in L2 critical reading.Addressing this concern, the study has attempted to investigate Iraqi EFL teachers' perception of the role of pragmatic awareness in L2 reading. Adopting an exploratory method based on a questionnaire, 40 Iraqi teachers from three Iraqi universities were selected to be respondents of the study. The results of the survey are statistically analysed and correlated in the light of their frequenciesand percentages. The results indicated that Iraqi EFL teachers highlighted the role of pragmatic aspects and notion, though differently, in the process of teaching L2 reading. They more frequently nominated speech act strategies, politeness and implicature. It was also recommended that some changes in methods of teaching, activities and language materials should be done to enhance pragmatic awareness in L2 reading.

In academic writing, writersintend to use the linguistic term "metadiscourse" to guide,to make their readers interact, and topersuade them through interactive and interactional levels of metadiscourse. Hence, the current study is importantforspecialistsand researchers who study theanalysis of theinteractionalmetadiscourse, especially in novels and short stories. Furthermore, the study seeks to answer the following questions: Firstly, howdoes the interactional level of metadiscourse persuade the readers? Secondly, what arethe most frequent markerof interactional metadiscoursein the simplified novel? The studyalsoattempts to examinetheinteractional metadiscourse markers in Hawthorne's novel "The Scarlet Letter" in its simplified Oxford edition. The selected data consists of ten samples. The study aims to identify the frequencies and function of eachmarkerininteractional metadiscourse. Twohypotheses are utilized to achieve the aims:First, the interactional metadiscourse markers havean essential impact on

PolarizationinTrump's Tweets:A Critical DiscourseAnalysisStudy.....................(617)Adab Al-Kufa JournalNo. 55 / P3Shaban1444/March/ 2023مجلة آداب الكوفةالعدد :55/ج3شعبان1444هـ / اذار2023مAbstract: The current study seeks to shedlight onthe strategyof polarization and investigate the macro-strategies and micro-strategies that former U.S.President Donald Trumpemploysin his tweets.This study developsanamalgam data analysis model that integrates two models, Van Dijk (2000:51-84)and Masrooret al(2019: 6-10). The studyis limited to analyze thetweets directed against immigration policiesadopted byTrump's opponents. Through the analysis, the study revealsthat Trump employsfour macro-strategies, two of themarein terms of positive self-representation: "the self is personification of Goodness" and"the self is the only nation’s hope".Theother twoarein terms of negative other-representation: "the other is disloyal to our country" and"the other lacks credibility". These four macro-strategies are realizedbythe employment ofsevenmicro-strategies: lexicalization, yperbole, modality, numbergame, consensus,metaphor, and irony

The research aims to highlight the representations of the culture of the other and its effects in some literary works by Nerval and Voltaire after clarifying the concept of the literary image according to the well-known French comparative concept, Henry Daniel Baggio. The research reached a number of results that shed light on the great role of the two writers’ writings in changing the stereotyped image of the reader about the other, whether in the West or in the East, after Nerval had a close look at Egyptian society and after Voltaire had also been briefed on English society directly without relying on Read some of the sources I wrote earlier. Therefore, the results of the research constitute an important point that revealed the reality of the role that the writer plays in creating a literary image of the other and his cultural identity in order to enhance cooperation and understanding among the peoples of the world despite all obstacles.

The current paper is an attempt to approach feminism in Sociopragmaticstructures. It pragmatically tackles feminism in this feministwork.Consequently, it aims to: explain the socio-pragmatic structure of feminist discoursethat is the socio-pragmatic elements of whichthe feminist discourse of the theortical wor under studyis composed; identify the most frequently socio-pragmatic straetgies that are made use of feminism depicted in the work under study;To fulfil the aims of this study in which it is hypothesized that Speech acts, deixis, presupposition, conversational implicatures and politeness are the major pragmatic strategies of the feminist discourse of the novel under investigation. Moreover, Sexism, power, domiance, gender elements are the crucial sociolinguistic elements that construct the sociolinguistic construct of the feminist discourse.Finally, there are some interrelationship between pragmatics and sociolinguistics to find the overall feminist veiw

Interpretive hadiths have a prominent role in achieving the verses sense and its teachings. The present study aimed to analyse the content of the SūrahAL-Dukhāninterpretive hadithsand the amount of reference to each of the basis of this Sūrah. To this aim, a documentary, descriptive and analytical method was used with a primary purpose. Data are analysedin quantitative and qualitative the inductive and deductive types. The research community is textual and includes a collection of Sūrah AL-Dukhān interpretive hadithsin the interpretation of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), which has been done purposefully in line with the aims and questions of the research. The results indicated that the primary basis of the Sūrah AL-Dukhān interpretive hadithsincludes the foundation of theology with 38%, guideology with 41% and the axis of the hereafterology with 21% frequency.The theological basis includes divine actions with 65%, sacred words with 24% and holy names and attributes with 11% frequency.The cause of guideology

This study focuses on certain characteristics of literature commitment of the French poet René Char. For him, commitment in literature is not different from the meaning of freedom he calls for his people. René Char sees this commitment as an action that relates to political and historical necessity and as a field for human activity. The poet effectively took part in the resistance against German conquest, through writing prose poem full of opposition and revolt.

English interrogative sentences are used to express a wide range of illocutionary forces (henceforth: IFs) in different contextual situations. Recognizing these IFs may be a problem for foreign English learners. The present research paper aims at investigating the recognition of Iraqi EFL learners of the various IFs expressed by English interrogative sentences. To fulfill the purposes of this study, 50 senior students were chosen to represent the sample of this study. To collect the data for the study, theresearcher designed a multiple-choice questionnaire to include all the kinds of interrogative IFs mentioned in the theoretical part and their respective individual forces. These kinds were classified as direct and indirect. The questionnaire comprises 30 different situations from real-life encounters, each of which comprised an interrogative utterance. For each situation, some IFs were given as options to choose from. The findings indicated that the learners’ performance in recognizing the direct force of English interrogatives is better than

Culture has consistently been an interesting topic for research for quite a long time. All societies have a unique culture on how they act and perform. Being said, Jihadi culture is beyond all cultures. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to study and analyze the characteristics of jihadi culture in Quranic-hadith documents. The results show that jihadi management is of great importance in jihadi culture, and holdscertain characteristics, including: “Cognitive and insightful reserves related to existence, including human beings and the value system of Islam; Job and technical knowledge in the field of leadership and management; Security in peace of mind; lack of obstacles, problems or personal family crises”. In conclusion, a jihadi culture based on Quranic-hadith documents has certain characteristics such as: unity, faith and belief, sincerity, service, doubled work, doubled effort, humility, flexibility, working with passion and love, responsibility, courage and boldness, dynamicity and maturity etc.

This paper investigates the way pragmatics and corpus linguistics can benefit from each other through tackling metaphorical language. The metaphors of COVID-19 and how they can be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitively in the realm of corpus pragmatics analysis will be focused on. Significantly, the basic aim of the paper is to shed light on the very nature and use of metaphorical concepts, particularly their pragmatic functions. Moreover, the paper seeks to uncover the fundamentalsimilarities between pragmatics as a linguistic discipline and metaphor as a linguistic tool, since both represent the essence of a hidden or implied meaning. Pragmatic theory views metaphor as a speech act. In other words, a speaker is using signs with a literal meaning to create a new intentional structure which has no literal meaning. To answer the research questions set by the paper, the study adopts a corpus pragmatic analysis in order to trace the recent spread of metaphorical language concerning COVID-19. The combination of pragmatics and corpus linguistics in this study led to

The concept of intertextuality is a central notionin postmodern theory and an important model to describe the relation between literary texts. The central purposeof this paper is to scrutinize theideaof intertextuality in postmodern theory and how it is manifested by the British prolific novelist Peter Ackroyd `s selected novels. The English critic and novelist of more than a dozensof novels as well as the BookerPrize for Fiction.Ackroydis a great example of English novelist who rewrites in his novelsEnglish literary historythrough usingthe notion of intertextuality. As a result, Ackroyd`s novels are significant ofshoot of postmodern novel sincetheydocument the literarytexts of earlier authors to become the subject of their plotswhich reflect the postmodern idea in which literary works are viewed to mirror other works.Therefore,Ackroyd`snovels can be regarded as unique versions of this trend of postmodernfictionas well as literary criticism. The concept of intertextuality becomes subject to adaptation and revision in postmodern literary theory

Argumentation is a promising topic, but it is also deep and ambiguous. In this study, pragmatic argumentation is treated as a one-way pragmatic process that goes through stages. Pragmatic argumentation, in this study, is presented as the process through which the speaker builds the desired effect to win the audience over. This research deals with pragmatic argumentation in Imam al-Hassan’s (peace be upon him) sermon in Kufa. The research aims to define pragmatic argumentation, explore what makes the linguistic structure of pragmatic argumentation interdependent in Imam al-Hassan’s (peace be upon him) sermon, investigate the strategies of pragmatic argumentation employed in the sermon under study, and develop an analytical model of the pragmatic argumentation process to be applied to the sermon under study. The current research mainly assumes that the linguistic structure of Imam al-Hassan’s (peace be upon him) speech is interdependent: logical argumentation, dialectical argumentation, and rhetorical argumentation in Imam al-Hassan’s (peace be upon him) sermon. These three parts combine to demonstrate the sufficiency, logic, and impact of the sermon, deriving its power from the speaker’s ability and competence in using the Arabic language. Here in this study, the researcher convincingly emphasizes the role and contribution of the speaker as a straight basis in the presentation of the argumentative discourse. Throughout the study, the researcher also focuses on the criteria of the speaker and how they can be investigated. Among the conclusions, based on the results of this study, is that the study of the aspects of logic, argumentation and rhetoric provides a valuable study for theoretical Arabic linguistics.