Thi-Qar journal for human science

The current research aims to reveal the causal relationship between academic emotion variables (pleasant and unpleasant), by using the path analysis method, one of the structural equation modeling methods. Among the measures of academic pleasant emotions represented by (academic hope, enjoyment of learning, and academic pride), while unpleasant academic emotions were represented by (academic boredom, academic anxiety, and shyness) according to Becron’s theory.
The results of the research showed: The agreement of the two proposed theoretical models of academic emotions (pleasant and unpleasant) to the sample data, where the indicators of good fit were close to the ideal values. The results of the research also showed the presence of direct effects between the research variables through standard and non-standard regression coefficients and standard error between academic anxiety as an (independent) variable and shyness (as a dependent variable) and academic boredom as a mediating variable among middle school students.
The results of the research also showed the presence of direct effects between the research variables through standard and non-standard regression coefficients and standard error between academic anxiety as an (independent) variable and shyness (as a dependent variable) and academic boredom as a mediating variable among middle school students. The results of the research showed that there were complete mediating effects of the learning enjoyment variable, while the mediating effect of the academic boredom variable was incomplete

Language is of great importance as a tool for communication, as it is not possible to communicate without it. With poetry, it constitutes two important tools in the human endeavor to adapt to the world. Because the language in poetry becomes more accurate and suggestive, as the language of poetry has changed over the literary ages, starting from the pre-Islamic era, the beginning of Islam, the Umayyad, through the Abbasid and even the Andalusian era. I pointed out the depth of their pioneering poetic experience, as this term distinguished them with certain characteristics in the literary arena, with the new artistic visions it provided through which they possessed the character of permanence and stability.

Quranic represents one of the means that the creator finds to achieve something in his creativity and his achievement in shaping his creative texts on both sides of visions and patterns according to the context of the Holy Quran, and given the important and holy position occupied by the Holy Qur’an in human life in general and Muslims in particular, and the rush of creators in general and poets Especially for the narration from this sacred text and to provide their poems from it and make it more realistic and aesthetic, as the great importance of this topic, which shows the great interaction between the Qur’an and the poetic text.
This research also aims to highlight the aesthetic and artistic value of Quranic in the contemporary Iraqi poetic discourse through the poetry of Mahdi Al -Nurairi, and to reveal the Quranic technique of the poet Mahdi Al -Nurairi, as well as seeking useful knowledge, and the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach that analyzes and compared phenomena in a way More detailed, by displaying and interrogating texts that bear the apparent or violence of the phenomenon of Quranic or its connotations, then analyzing it and explaining the effectiveness of the Quranic in the poetic text.
The research has reached several results, the most important of which is: Quranic represented aesthetic depiction by employing Al -Nairi for the text of the Qur’an in his poetry, the investment of the poet Mahdi Al -Nahri, the Holy Quranic text using his talent and poetic capabilities in achieving his poetic project, so his poetic speech was pregnant with various types of Quranic that had an active role In highlighting the aesthetic side of his hair, and this is what the poet Mahdi Al -Nahiri worked on in his poetic speech.

The research is a review of the social and cultural biography, intellectual transformations and political orientations of Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab. Starting with his birth and his studies in Basra, then his acceptance in the Higher Teachers’ College, his early joining the Iraqi Communist Party and the opposition practices he participated in against the monarchy and the legal consequences that were imposed on him because of those actions and behavior Prior to dismissal, expulsion and arrest, his role in the literary leadership of the free poetry movement in Iraq, his defection from the Communist Party, his attacking it in articles and poetic poems, his transformation to the Arab nationalist orientation, his position on the July 1958 revolution and its leader, Abdul Karim Qassem, and the serious illness that afflicted him and prevented him from work and his early death in 1964 at the age of ( 38) years old .

The Kurdish issue is one of the issues that has received international and regional attention, and this has been reflected in the internal situation represented by the effective Iraqi parties’ view of this issue. The Ba'ath Party, which actually took power on July 17, 1968, and the Iraqi Communist Party, which is the most active party through secret newspapers and statements it issues, in which it dealt with many issues
especially the Kurdish issue. Relations between the successive Iraqi governments and the Kurds have been characterized by tension and since the establishment of modern Iraq in 1921 due to many fundamental changes that took place in the regional and international environment. The Kurdish issue has formed since its inception, mutual interaction between the Kurds and the internal Iraqi forces and parties, and that these Kurdish forces are a pressure and bargaining card based on their interests only. It is appropriate for it, which can achieve Kurdish ambitions by establishing an independent entity with them. The research was divided into two axes, the first since the revolution of July 17, 1968, until March 11, 1970, when the law of self-rule was issued by the government and an attempt to contain the Kurdish issue peacefully, and the second axis, which came after the issuance of the Autonomy Law, until July 17, 1973, the establishment of the National Union Front and the Communist Party’s standing to The side of the power completely .

The study of the stylistic phenomenon (poetics of displacement) in the poetry of Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri, and its impact on his poetic output, is to show his high ability, and his ability to use language in its lexical, grammatical, morphological and semantic fields, and to shed light on and describe this phenomenon by adopting poetic texts that The phenomenon was mentioned in it, the disclosure of its secrets and the manifestations of its use, which indicate the poet's ability to create and innovate, as it is considered a feature that distinguished Al-Jawahiri from others and made him the pioneer of his peer poets.
The research was divided into three sections, and theorizing about the phenomenon of displacement, in which we shed light on a brief summary of the concept of displacement, its implications, and aspects of its work, in addition to the problematic of the term. The first topic studied: the phenomenon of grammatical deviation, and we explained in it the poet's ability, and his ability to violate the language, and this was not the result of a deficiency in the language, but rather from his knowledge and familiarity with it. In the second topic, we explored the phenomenon of morphological shift, and how the poet was able to control the language according to his poetic necessities. Among his peers, then followed by the most important results that the research concluded.

The research aims to detect the ability to present proverbs texts, in studies of modern arabic proverbs, as proverbs are text of cultural studies, and container for the social image of community which it was born, and this is giving us the allow to check their divisions, and their criticism processing which are adopted to deconstruct this cultural text and thier overall studying, where the creative texts, as they turn into cultural texts, must have linguistic depth and cognitive formation in order to allow this study or other to go through in its partial details.
The researcher utilizes analytical method, as an approach that provides us with mechanisms that contribute to giving a clear image of the critics’ efforts, knowing their fortunes of previewing studies of modern arabic proverbs, showing the amplitude of their sobriety or failure in dealing with creative texts.

the problem of green areas is one of the most complex urban planning problems in the center of Nasiriyah city under the influence of the rapid population growth with annual growth rates of 2.8% in urban areas. And that the outlet from the basic design is small, and that the areas designated as green areas were developed according to the Iraqi local standard, i.e. there is a gap between the growing population size and the green areas. The spatial dimension of population growth in the center of Nasiriyah city is inconsistent with the green areas due to the rapid population growth. The study aims to draw the future picture of the city through the expansion of new neighborhoods and the increase of green areas under the impact of the population growth. Then forecasting for the sustainable standard and green areas for the period (2021-2026) to accommodate population growth and provide the normative share of green areas, study adopted the descriptive and analytical method. The study found when comparing between the reality and the sustainable standard of green areas in the study area, The reality of green areas is less than the sustainable standard, that is meaning the spatial dimension of population growth has a negative impact on the sustainable standard for green areas. It recorded a varying deficiency of this effect and a decline in the per capita share of green areas, and the trend of reality indicators indicates a deficit in green areas under the influence of population growth. The trend of reality indicators indicates a deficit in green areas under the influence of population growth, so it calls for predicting the size of the population and the sustainable standard of green areas for the next five years, and the most important result is that decision-makers have to provide new neighborhoods through expansion, otherwise the green areas will disappear in the center of Nasiriyah city. The study recommends to increase green areas in populated areas and expanding in new neighborhoods to reduce the gap between reality and the sustainable standard. The study suggests also to the decision maker anticipates population growth after five years under the influence of potential population growth.

The study dealt with the effect of weatering processes on the land roads in Dhi Qar Governorate,as it showed that the roads suffer,from many problems,including erosion ,cracks,sagging and sofiness,and this is due to the natural factor represented in geomorphogical processes.Climate,soil and vegetation factors are a reason for their activation. The study showed that the properties of the soil of river origin are heterogeneous in their properties,as it is a mixture of alluvial clay soil that contains high percentages of sulfate salts,calcium carbonate and gypsum,which negatively affected the transportation methods.As result of these problems,traffic accidents and injuries claimed dozens of lives

The ancient Arab linguists divided the name into two parts: derived and improvised , which , as they see it, is related to the original root of the word and represents one of its derivations, others came arbitrarily, without occasion, independent of itself. In this research, we have tried to explain this concept and to reveal the connotation of the linguistic word and to link it with the connotation of the idiomatic meaning , whether directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, and we have often come to a common conclusion between these two meanings .We did not find the second section of these names . The research required that we divide it into the following : cities of Baghdad , cities of Basra , cities of Kufa, cities of Mosul.

The religious reference represents the institution capable of giving perceptions and interpretations of religion, it is a real extension of the role of the prophets and imams who are infallible in their understanding of sharia and their attitude in the face of the challenges facing Islam and their ability to find legislation towards emerging issues and emergency problems . On the other hand, sheikh Al-Alama al-Asefi's approach is based on the rooting of the concept and the term circulating through his vision and study of the Holy Quran, the thought of the al-Asefi mark is based on foundation and rooting, based on his ijtihad ability and his knowledge of the need of Islamic thought from visions And ideas that correspond to the Islamic approach, and rooting for its harmony with the ideology of Islam and its principles and that the contemporary of the islamic movement since it belonged to it at the beginning of the second decade of its life, and being a pioneer and leader of it later, made it a view of its movement and march and oriented For the way it dealt with the major issues of Islam, his writing about the Islamic movement was understandable to all its details and familiar with all the problems surrounding it and the negatives that accompanied it, a study produced by a diligent scientist who wrote in many fields of thought, philosophy, jurisprudence and economics .

حاولَ البحثُ أن يؤسّسَ لمفهوم (لغة النقد) في الخطاب التراثي الأدبي، بوصفه ظاهرةً لافتة للنظر، شاعت في مدوّنات التراث الأدبي في حقبٍ مختلفة لاسيما في القرن السابع للهجرة، وينطلقُ منظورُ البحثِ من فكرةٍ بُنيَت على منظورٍ وصفي، يرى في مفهوم (لغة النقد) خطابًا واصفًا، أو قراءةً نقديّة تراثيّة واصفة، تستهدفُ خطابًا جماليًّا فنيّا (شعريًّا أو نثريًّا)؛ لتكشفَ عن نقاطِ التوهُّج الجمالي فيه، وتؤشّرَ أسرارَ الشعريةِ الكامنة في متنِه، وهي قراءةٌ مبنيّة على منظوراتٍ متوارَثَة، ومعاييرَ نقدية راسخة، تمتلكُ لغةً خاصة، تختلفُ فيها عن لغةِ (النثر الفنّي) التراثي، في الوظائف، والأبعاد التشكيلية الفنيّة، والأهداف الإنتاجية؛ وليُحقّق البحثُ هدفَه الذي بُني عليه، وتأسّسَ في ضوئِه، فقد اصطفى مدوّنةً تراثيّة كانت بمثابة (العيّنة العشوائية) من هذا الكمّ الهائل من المدوّنات الأدبية التراثية هي كِتَابُ (الوَشْيِ المَرْقُومِ في حَلِّ المَنْظُومِ) لضياءِ الدِّين بنِ الأَثِيرِ (ت637ه)؛ لكي ينأى بنفسِه عن (إسقاط) المنظور على (المقروء)، فيقع بالمحذور النقدي.

The modern and contemporary history of Iraq is rich material for research, a careful reading of history that clarifies an important facts of the position of the Iraqi political parties on international issues during the royal era, as some of them formed a historical necessity that emerged from the data of the global political reality, so it is no arrogance that the Iraqi public opinion interacts with its positions on these issues .To gain experience and expertise in addressing the emergence of the state, the development of its institutions and the circumstances surrounding it, as well as the issues raised on the Iraqi political arena, especially in times of crisis and the changes that period witnessed at the local and international levels, and the resulting disastrous policies for political parties inside Iraq, which were manifested.
In its most dangerous form, represented by the dissolution of those parties, not granting a license and practicing open partisan work to some of them, and redrawing partisan life in a manner that suited the goals of the Iraqi government at the time, away from the aspirations and goals of the political parties, and reflecting that policy into a partisan coalition with its goals, policies, and activities under the name of the National Front in 1957, which contributed With the Iraqi people, the revolution of July 14, 1958 and ended the monarchy.

The research aimed to reveal the relationship of procedural knowledge methods and meta-memory skills among university students, as well as to identify the differences between them according to the gender variable (males - females). Procedural) which was prepared by (Kalotti et al., 1999) and expressed by (Khalaf, 2015), and (Meta-memory skills scale), which was prepared by (Troyer and Rich 2002) to measure meta-memory skills expressed by (Abu Ghazal 2007), the results of the search resulted in:
• The university students are characterized by procedural knowledge methods.
• University students are characterized by skills beyond memory.
• Males are characterized by separate knowledge more than females, while females are characterized by connected knowledge more than males.
• Female respondents outperform males in meta-memory skills.
• There is a statistically significant relationship between procedural knowledge and meta-memory methods.
Based on the research results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and suggestions.

The study has aimed to examine the anxiety of the future, decision-making, and the relationship between anxiety of the future and decision-making respectively among the study sample members. Designed scale of anxiety from the future verified of its validity and stability consist of (40) paragraphs used in this study as well as Hamad - Abdul Razzaq scale (2014) to make the decision, descriptive -correlative method has been applied on sample of consisted of (100) students who were selected randomly from secondary school students in Dhi Qar/Alfahood education department, (Spss)used to analysing the questionnaires, The results have revealed that the students have anxiety about the future and they have the ability to make decisions, the results also show that there are statistically significant correlation between anxiety about the future and decision-making, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

التعظيم خلاف التصغير وهو بمعنى التفخيم والتكبير, ويأتي بدواعٍ متعددة وبأساليب متنوعة مثلت أعلى المستويات البيانية في التعبير القرآني وقد تحقق التعظيم بأسماء الاشارة والقَسم , والاضافة وكذلك ببعض الصيغ الاستفهامية .

At a time when Orientalist criticism insisted on questioning the Islamic heritage with its sharp and skeptical tone to its stable intuitions in consciousness and memory, the Islamic responses continued to reveal a structural and systemic defect in its arguments of argument that it often falls in the historical facts given by granting him the status of the sacred, which represents the ultimate truth, even if it is far What about that! These responses seemed frail to the point of incoherence in front of the Orientalist opinion, which sweeps this data at one time by questioning its credibility and its representation of the existing reality. His choice does not give him freedom of opinion to reject what he sees as incompatible with reason and the historical approach, and even the sanctity of the Prophet as if he were living in a state of conflict and collision of sanctities, so he sees resort to rumination, interpretation, selection, empty emotion and idle enthusiasm and thus cracks the argument response . This is what the research tries to draw attention to as an important task in criticizing criticism, and to point out alternative intellectual choices for meanings regarding the topics raised.

The subject of the study, British-Libyan relations 1911-1918 sheds light on a period of many events, including the Italian occupation of Libya in 1911 and the eruption of many revolutions against the British presence in the region and the declaration of the Libyan war on Britain. However, the relationship between the two countries was governed by British interests and Libyan aspirations. It wanted to protect its colonies in North Africa and secure the borders of Egypt and Libya. Britain and Libya, which broke out in November 1915, but Britain during this period always sought to make peace with Libya in order to protect the borders of Egypt that it had occupied since 1881, so the war that it won did not affect the return of good relations between the two countries, especially after the change of leadership in Libya received a more acceptable leadership to the British. The war crisis ended with the conclusion of the Treaty of Akrama in April 1917, and good relations continued between the two countries until now. The end of the First World War and the study period in 1918.

The research focused on the narrative field of the novelist "Salim Hamid", which is based on the detonation of sacred systems: norms / traditions / morals / religion / politics, as well as the traditional narrative system, and this is what appears clear and evident in his texts, as he provides them with a special linguistic level, as he goes on. The modernist has violated the artistic sacred, manipulating the lexical lexical limit, and the narration branched out to the point of distortion against the labyrinth.
Salem Hamid’s novelistic texts are characterized by boldness and daring, breaking into difficult paths, and everything that is forbidden and oppressed in the Arab imagination in general, and the Iraqi in particular, as well as describing them as comprehensive and transnational texts in which mirrors go beyond and are reflected in them, convex and concave, in which the daily realist discusses the living, the past and the present. , the mystic, the mythical, and the abstaining, in which the texts, and the texts / centers are in dialogue with the margins and the frontiers. In it the profane meets the sacred, and intertwines with various texts. In this novelistic experience, the texts dialogue, correspond, harmonize and unite, expand and withdraw over multiple spaces and times, in which consciousness and the current of the subconscious operate, and the voices vary and harmonize.

mahdia is the first Islamic city established by the Fatimids in Morocco, after they overthrew the rule of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya in the year 296 AH / 908 AD, and the sermon was cut off from the Abbasid Caliph Al Muqtadir Billah (295-320 AH / 932 AD) and it was established for the first Fatimid caliph, Abdullah al-Mahdi, and he was taken from the Ismailis An official Shiite sect to succeed him .
The reason for building the city of Mahdia is the attempt to overthrow Abdullah Al-Mahdi by his most prominent supporters, which is Abu Abdullah Al-Shi’i and his brother Abi Al-Abbas Ahmed with the help of the Kutama sheikhs, as well as other justifications, such as providing security and protection from the opposing Sunni cities, and military reasons aimed at standing In the face of the Byzantine threats emanating from their bases in Sicily and southern Italy . .
Mahdia enjoyed a high and tight wall, on which two knights could walk, and iron doors for the purpose of providing protection for the Fatimid Caliph and his state
The city included markets and baths, and at the end of its construction, Al-Mahdi said: ((Today I have believed in the Fatimids)), meaning his daughters .
This city is attributed to the Susi Mahdist clothes, and the Fatimids were interested in building water cisterns in it, for the purpose of collecting rainwater and storing it for drinking and for other life requirements .
Many jurists and men of knowledge emerged in Mahdia, the most prominent of whom was Judge Al-Nu’man bin Hayoon Al-Maghribi (d. 363 AH / 973 AD ).
The city witnessed internal events and projects, such as the interest in building its shops and organizing its employers, after which Al-Mahdi built an alternate city for it and named it (Zuweila ).
An industrial house was built in Mahdia, with a capacity of nine hundred Shenes, and it has a closed door and stores for food .
Abdullah al-Mahdi made a package of changes in the field of the philosophy of the Ismaili state, canceling some of the decrees that were prevalent for the Sunni sect, to dominate the state the Ismaili sect .
During the reign of the Mahdi, the Mahdist enjoyed external relations with the Lower Maghreb (Libya and Tunisia), the Middle and Far Maghreb (Algeria and Morocco) and Sicily, and hostile relations with the Umayyads of Andalusia .
Al-Mahdi's efforts focused on three invasions for the purpose of controlling Egypt, but he was unsuccessful in his endeavor .

This study aims to show the textual directions of reception in the explanatory discourse of the interpretation of “The Talents of the Most Merciful” by Mr. Abdul-Ala Al-Sabzwari {May Allah bless his soul}. This study includes an introduction that includes the importance of the text in structural and post-structural studies of critical curricula until theories of reading and receiving came that united between The text and the reader. Then this study proceedes to clarify the most important textual directions represented in parallel accompaniments, such as the title as a textual accompanying. We deal with it the general title and other sub-headings, then the initiation as a textual companion as well and we deal with it the introduction and the preamble of the interpretation. The study offers every phenomenon with models From the interpretation of talents in order to confirm and demonstrate what he aimed at.

Russia withdraw from World War I (1914-1918) after the October Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. As a communist regime arose in it, hostile to the West and its capitalist system, which made most Western countries exchange Soviet Russia that hostility that took a political and military form as well as an economic one. When those countries imposed an economic embargo on the Soviet Union. Who was suffering from many complex economic problems, which Soviet Union inherited from the Tsarist regime and its severity increased with the country’s participation in the World War I, and then the Civil War (1918-1921) made those problems more difficult. The Soviet leaders had to break that economic siege and rebuild the country by taking advantage of the capitalist economy, despite the contradiction between the Soviet economic system and the Western economic systems. But the Soviet Union's need for Western countries, led by the United States of America, made this contradiction somewhat marginal. Accordingly, this research paper attempts to study the nature of economic relations between the Soviet Union and the United States of America, despite the rupture of diplomatic relations between them and the unrecognition of the United States of America of the Soviet regime in Russia

The Self in all its levels expresses the human self. In the poem collection titled (What is Missing is a Poet) by the Iraqi poet Omar al-Dulaimi, the broken self is very apparent from the very title of the book which is taken from a poem which bears the same title. Also apparent is the poet’s need for the different and the similar other at the same time.
The present paper tackles two sections, the first is concerned with the self and the other in language, philosophy and psychology. The second section is devoted to the broken self in the aforementioned poet and the implied cultural pattern. The compensation pattern is clearly evident; everything the poet is missing is complemented by poetry as a compensation for him. The poet utilised the relationship of the broken self and compensation patterns in al-Mutanabi to bring forth a significant approach to poetry as being a compensation for all disappointments and defeats .

The current paper analyzes Iraqi EFL learners' word order errors (WOE) in essays written for exam purposes. Word order errors here were given a specific definition targeting changes that affect the correct placement of words in a sentence, provided these component words all exist in that sentence. The type of WOE, subject gender and exam score were also taken into account. The researchers noted that certain kinds of error were significantly more frequent than others. The type of error can be related to subject score. The type of WOE has more connection to score than the number of errors does. The researchers also found that the degree of flexibility of an element goes hand-in-hand with the number of WOE’s; the more flexible an element is the more it is misplaced. Moreover, certain types of WOE’s exhibit higher recurrence with one gender rather than the other. In addition to that, the researchers noted that a prominent factor of WOE’s was subjects’ mother tongue.

The conventional content of an utterance can compositionally determine the meaning of it, so that intention is the prior for each explaining whether it is of a central role or a recognition intention for both the speaker and the hearer. For that, the explanation can be achieved within the alternatives of any discourse through their logical relationship without keeping away from the order and the ideas even though they are informally submitted. Hence, the uses of impoliteness and fundamentally for all theories are concerned to the relationship of the linguistic disciplines especially pragmatics and sociolinguistics regarding to the communicative behavior that it may evoke a positive or negative attitudes in accordance to the maturity of culture and the other parameters of the different people of a certain society. Thus, they are may be considered the main maxims of meaning but not the lonely ones to capture the tacit meaning of interlocutors.

Thus, the study queries the trends of the impoliteness as regarding to Jonathan Culpeper(2011) whose model of impoliteness is notably introduced as a parallel work to Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness. Besides, the paper is tracing the impolite contexts within the literary works particularly with Ernst Hemmingway's The Snow of Kilimanjaro. Accordingly, the paper is carried within three chapters, firstly, an introduction is set to outline the problem, aims, hypotheses, and the scope of the study. Secondly, a theoretical review is presented to expose the studies and contexts of impoliteness. Thirdly, the selected extracts are put out to expose the findings of impoliteness of the short novel is presented with this chapter. Besides, conclusions are drawn to point out the findings of the study.

The new sensational difference in occasions on the planet , especially eleventh Sept. , Pleasant Assault and the presence of ISIS, have made Islam, Muslims, and matters relating to them "news today" , I.e., one of the most significant and appealing themes. Occasions and activities occurring for the sake of Islam or by the people who misjudge Islam have given media goliath stories for depicting Islam and Muslims adversely . So , media have begun to utilize different phonetic means to accomplish their political , philosophical , or financial objectives . However, the current study is a discourse analysis aims at investigating the Islamophobic talk that media are leaned to use in addressing Islam and Muslims ; accordingly, it likewise targets exploring the portrayal of against Islam belief systems on Western news sites . To achieve these aims , the study hypothesizes that (1) a biased negative technique of selection of materials is used in representing Islam and Muslims on news websites and (2) the linguistic tools mostly used and the ideas given focus to on British and American news websites are almost similar reflecting similar ideologies in dealing with Islam and Muslims.

To carry out the study , six articles from two websites are selected . The articles are analyzed linguistically and ideologically according to Fairclough's three dimensional approach (2010) which ,in turn, employs the notion of thematization in addition to Halliday's systemic functional tools.
The main conclusions of the current study are as follows : (i) all the hypotheses set for the study have been verified , (ii) Islamophobia on Western news websites is taking a grave direction which is looked at as a representation of Islam and Muslims, that is , mainly the generalization of every negative incident or feature about Islam as a faith and on the majority of pacifist Muslims (iii) anti-Islam bias ideologies are represented on Western news websites through five primary themes (the theme of violence ,the theme of Muslim women, the theme of Sharia Law , the theme of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the theme of Muslim/Non Muslim relationship ).

The study goal is to bypass the students of the Translation Department /First stage of the Faculties of Arts of the Mustansiriyah and Al Iraqia Universities the mistakes in translating commonly used English sentences and phrases into Arabic.
To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher addressed commonly used English sentences and phrases that included (20) questions to translate in an exact sense not literally by students of the translation department / first stage / Faculty of Arts in the universities of Mustansiriyah and Al Iraqia . The answers of the research sample's students who graduated from the preparatory school/scientific branch were compared with those who graduated from the literary branch.
By comparing the answers of the researched students, the study found that the answers of the scientific branch students were higher than those of the literary branch, which was due to a number of reasons, among which they have enrolled in courses and lectures prior to the ministerial examinations.
The study recommends that translation departments instructors have to conduct interactive qualifying tests for students in general and for graduates of the literary branch in particular, and prepare future training courses for students admitted to the translation department with a view to informing them to the competence of translation and the possibilities, challenges, and difficulties they may face prior to the commencement of the specialty curriculum. It also recommends that additional electronic lectures be prepared for students in general and for literary branch graduates, in particular, to enrich their information and acquire higher skills in the specialty.