Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The morphological structural structure depends on roots that are the origin of the lexical words, and these assets are transformed into morphological formulas that perform fixed semantics in each formula, and this is the colloquial significance of the morphological structure, and these formulas may break into increases that lead to other meanings that we called semantic dimensions, so the semantic dimension is the latent significance In the reason for entering this letter, whose entry on the structure is preceded, interpolated, or suffixed.

This research aims to reveal the limit of the illness and explain its origin, then the origin of the morphological reasoning of the ancients in general and Al-Zardini in particular in writing Al-Awadh in explaining the Al-Azzi inflection, and showing his method and tools that he used in this field with a presentation of some of his morphological justifications, studying them and referring to what was among the ancient scholars of the morphists.

This linguistic research is concerned with the study of affectation in opinion among grammarians, and the grammarians' use of this term in their judgment of this or that grammatical opinion after studying a number of grammatical opinions.
Standing on this term is a monetary phenomenon launched by the later grammarians after the foundations of this science were leveled and its pillars were established, and the need became urgent to distinguish what was pretentious and unnecessary from what was not pretentious in it. And then the ruling on it, whether this ruling applies to nouns, verbs, or letters.
All of this requires researchers interested in such terms to stand on such phenomena and study them in a fair scientific study aimed at shaking off the dust of ambiguity and complexity that covered some of the chapters of grammar, and choosing the most appropriate, easiest and most close to linguistic reality, so that the image of this great science becomes clear. Some of the issues of affectation that appear in the letters, for example: the prepositional prepositions (perhaps and even), the conditional preposition (law), and the prepositional preposition (seen and will).

It is well known that the sciences of Arabic, such as grammar, morphology, rhetoric, etiquette of poetry, and so on, are sciences that were codified and originated in the shadows of the Glorious Qur’an, and came to serve the sciences of the Book and the Sunnah. semantics; Because the rules of interpretation and the rules of explanation must be controlled by rules known to the people of fatwa and the people of ijtihad. This study, entitled (The Linguistic Reference for the Commentators of the Prophetic Hadith), is an investigation of what we have mentioned above regarding the necessity of learning Arabic for the student of hadith. It is after the introduction in two chapters and a conclusion:
The first topic: Arabic jurisprudence and Sharia science. The second topic: the subtleties of Arabic for the commentators of the hadith.Conclusion: It includes the most important results. The conclusion of the research is that controlling the sciences of the machine, especially the science of Arabic and its arts, is the way that guarantees the jurisprudence of the texts and the knowledge of their purposes, and the diligence in Arabic increases the diligence in confronting the legal developments and codifying them.

The research deals with one of the important aspects, in which the parser adheres, in (the parsing of the Holy Qur’an), the research collected the regulations of the syntactic industry, and what has to do with the meaning and the pronunciation, and I separated the saying in them with ten points. Perseves the parsing from any strange or odd meaning, or any corrupt meaning that only the clever understands .The parsing of the book refer to the familiarity of the Arabs in the discourse; And the expression of the Qur’an bears the most honorable and strongest doctrines in Arabic and the statement. The research presented a distinguished book in the syntax of the Qur’an and its meanings, including the book (Jawahir AL Qur’an Wa Natai'j Al San'a ) by Al-Baqouli (d. 543 AH), which Al-Baqouli followed in his classification, according to a unique approach (the objective approach), in which he dealt with his material according to the chapters of grammar in mentioning syntactic issues. And briefly addressing the biography of Al-Baqouli, briefly stating that, confirming the authenticity of the book by the author and verifying its title. There were Qur’anic evidences from the book (Jawahir Al Qur’an) mentioned.
I do not claim that I have taken note of all the regulations related to the books of “ Iiraab AL Qur’an.” The regulations in those books are many, so I have collected some of the guidelines that the scholars stipulated in their books.The difference in controls, according to the world view; In relying on induction in the scholars and what it explicitly states or indicates about thoseregulations, and the clarification of those regulations in the parsing of the Holy Qur’an; So that the parser does not fall into error in the the words of God Almighty, and so that the parsing of the Holy Qur’an is regulated by it in order to reach the correct meaning of the Qur’anic verses.

This research deals with the study and verification of a manuscript from the heritage books, and the book is called Muslahat Al-Lasan, written by Sheikh Abi Al-Hassan Al-Bakri Al-Siddiqi. The book is a brief text that helps the reader to protect his tongue from error and informs him of the well-known grammatical opinions.

Every world has a methodology that is specific to him and distinguishes him from others, and he shows us his scientific personality, and our Sheikh Al-Bahishti was his methodology in the book as an explanation, clarification, and explanation of a body of important morphological texts in which he tried to explain its systems and show its benefits. Of them is not an easy matter; This is because the subject is related to the research and exploration of the features of his method through the analysis of his texts in an accurate and in-depth manner, and from here he began the investigation of the book Al-Khalisah morphological text of Al-Azzi by Sheikh Al-Bahishti, and after investigation and analysis of his texts and words, we stood on the most important features of his method in his explanation of the most important text of the morphological texts, which is the text Imam al-Zanjani, known as al-Matn al-Azzi, Hence, the intention was established, so our research was labeled (Sheikh Al-Bahshti's approach in his book Al-Khalasah Al-Sarfiyyah fi Sharh Al-Risala Al-Azziya), and it included a preface and two chapters. Sheikh Al-Bahshti's scientific approach and an explanation of its most important features are represented by models that illustrate the features of his approach.

The metaphorical picture in the Book of the Endings, “The conclusions of the preaching councils, is vibrant with life, in which the poet depicts his condition in the past and what his soul has become in the present time. The poet's self is a defeatist, broken in the face of the sadness, pain and sorrow she faced in the past, and she is optimistic after she broke the barriers and restrictions of families announcing the release and flight at the present time

This study has seriously sought to try to build a clear picture of intertextuality in Andalusian prose during the fifth and sixth centuries AH, with the fluctuations that this period borne of varied between development , prosperity and care for science and scholars and between wars and internal strife that affected Andalusian writers in general and their literary production and themes depending on those circumstances in particular.
From a theoretical angle, we can say that intertextuality is the deep overlap and interaction between texts, so that new texts and evoked texts become a bridge that the writer crosses to reach contemporary and absent texts that affect the text, its language, meanings and style, and reveals the beauty in it, it was necessary for the writer who practices a mechanism of intertextuality to possesses a wide culture of religious, literary and historical heritage, super genius, and skill in recalling absent texts that he revives in his new text to reach what the writer wants to express with skill and superiority.

Verily, the Sociology of Literature has been and is still a phenomenon since the Fifties last century, when the critic, Lucian Goldman announced that literature is a sociological phenomenon and it carries a world-view and he fixed the pillars of this science, and the controversy between sociology and criticism continued, and because they are interconnected and open to other sciences of the humanities, researchers started to set fine borders between them, especially when the methodological analysis relies on a specific sample, which is the literary text, specifically novel and playwright and some Arab traditional critics see that poetry represents a world-view, in that it expresses how a social group view the world, but research outweighed novel according to objective proofs; and also that researchers tend to view sociology of literature as closer to criticism even though its name is associated with Sociology.

Abstract
This research deals with the theatrical text between utterance and meaning, given that linguistics is one of the most intertwined sciences with other cognitive and philosophical assets, and this is what reinforces and confirms the status of linguistics among the sciences. Represent a common concern between most of the philosophical propositions and their various schools, and this will be evident through this research as follows:
In the first chapter, where (the methodological framework) that includes the research problem and identifying the most important opinions that adopted the duality (the word and the meaning) and their adherence to each other within the same idea, with the aim of finding ways to receive the closest For a reader, as this chapter included the temporal, spatial and objective limits of the research, and the chapter concluded with defining the most important Terms mentioned in the research title.
As for the second chapter, where (the theoretical framework), it included two topics, as the first topic dealt with (the concept of the text), and the second topic dealt with (the philosophy of utterance and meaning), and the researcher came out with the most important indicator. I saw the theoretical framework, including: that the contents are the first fundamental issue In the text, it has a great weight that makes it a moving and active force in more than one time and place, and that language alone is not sufficient for the development of the events of the text, so silence has a great role if a mode is chosen. A correct position between the folds of the dialogue within the text and with great care, and the philosophical thought gives the phenomenon of derivation in the language a legitimate importance To the speaker, with the aim of conveying a linguistic thought with full meaning.
In the third chapter, where (research procedures), the researcher analyzed the text of the play (The Return) by its author (Youssef Al-Sayegh), and the researcher intentionally chose his sample by adopting the descriptive analytical approach.
In the fourth chapter, the researcher (discussed the results of the analysis) and according to the research objective, as he found that the language is the main pillar that achieves the duality of the word and the meaning, and that the meanings transcend The limits of utterances for the recipient, just as the mental image and idea for the recipient are the essence of the utterance and the meaning. In the light of these results, the researcher came out with his conclusions to finally put his recommendations, and then established his sources according to their alphabet.
(key words) Text _ Pronunciation _ Meaning

This research addresses: A comparison between the method of two prominent Imams of Tafsir, namely Imam Abu Ishaq Al-Tha'labi and Imam Abu Al-Hasan Al-Baghawi. The study aims to highlight their methodologies and the points of similarity and difference in their interpretations, and the extent to which Al-Baghawi relied on Al-Tha'labi in the composition of his Tafsir, and the differences between them. The importance of the research lies in the importance of Tafsir "Revelation and Explanation" and "Aspects of Revelation", and the status of Tafsir knowledge connected to the book of Allah Almighty. The research has reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is: The Tafsirs of Imam Al-Tha'labi and Al-Baghawi are two important sources among the Tafsir books of the narrated in sunnah. Imam Al-Baghawi was keen on mentioning hadith with a verified chain of narrators (Musnad), which makes him a source among the sources of attribution and source verification (takhrij). Although Al-Baghawi's Tafsir is condensed from the book "Revelation and Explanation" by Imam Al-Tha'labi, he kept his Tafsir from heresy and Israelites.

Preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation and its civilization with the legacy left to us by the historians and creators of this nation, its spectrums, and all its religion, so this legacy was represented by the valuable literature that revealed to us aspects of the Arab-Islamic civilization, its leaders, scientists, and successors, and these books varied with the diversity of its writers who sailed in the fields of science, arts, literature and geography, including those who wrote in more than one aspect, so it was encyclopedic in its productions, readings, and opinions that revealed to us hidden and visible aspects of this civilization in general, but many Of these books and books did not see the light, but were lost for reasons that are some unknown and some burned, such as burning books, and destroying them successively differences, and the judgment that reflected negatively on these books, especially at certain stages, as well as the destruction, and prevention of some books that were the type of their writings rejected in a period of periods, especially philosophy, mysticism, and others, and others were lost because there was one copy of the author or damage and loss of this copy that ended in death, or the end of the life of this book, the creators of these wrote to us The nation in several areas, including the aspect of marital relations, its provisions, its prohibitions, what is stipulated in the Holy Qur'an, and the hadiths of the Prophet, which made some authors interested in this aspect, and looking for every stray and contained in this area, which branches into several and varied sections with the diversity and difference of life and the changes that have occurred in it, and although I said it, but what we got from it was comprehensive and adequate to serve all these questions, differences, and opinions, especially since these books have conveyed to us evidence Histories, novels, and various texts carried with them many lost books that are almost mentioned at times in a particular book and some of them were not seen for us to mention despite the fame of their authors and writers.

Abrogation in the Holy Qur’an is one of the issues that scholars dealt with in research and investigation, so while a large number of interpreters and owners of Qur’anic sciences considered it an essential Qur’anic science, other scholars saw the denial of this science, interpreting what those who said abrogation considered it a specification for the absolute, and a statement for the whole. Dr. Al-Qaradawi took the position of the middle, and saw that abrogation is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, but it is not as extensive as what the authors said. And that the abrogation is nothing more than a few verses of the Qur’an. And with regard to what the names of some scholars (the verse of the sword), which abrogated all the verses of peace, a group of scholars (including Dr. Al-Qaradawi) believes that it does not exist.

Abstract
I have verified the manuscript entitled((Tafsir fath al-bayan li husol al-nasir wa al-fatih wa al-aman by Abd al-Hai Sagli Ibrahim al-Adrnawi Al-Aytan (10-11) from Surat Al-Fath)) Surat Al-Fath by the interpreter, Sheikh Abdul-Hay Sagli Ibrahim Al-Urdnawi. It is distinguished as a comprehensive interpretation between the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, interpretation by impact and allegorical interpretation.
The study section included: the life of the author in general, the study of the manuscript and the definition of my methodology in investigation.
And the investigative section: it included the investigated text, so the interpretation was characterized by comprehensiveness.

Abstract
This research, titled "Surah Al-Anfal, from verse (1-12), deals with a study and investigation."
The researcher divided the research into an introduction and two parts. The study section included the personal and scientific life of the interpreter, and it consisted of two sections. The second section is the investigation section, which included the investigation of ten verses from Surat Al-Anfal, as the researcher copied the manuscript before proceeding with the investigation, taking into account the modern rules of spelling, punctuation and adjusting the text in the form, and the verses were written with drawing. The Quranic and the hadiths came out of their sources, and concluded the research with a list of footnotes, then a list of the names of the sources.

There are many reasons that made me to choose a subject in the science of investigation, the most important of which is getting closer to God Almighty by shedding light on Islamic interpretations and heritage and contributing to the dissemination of that heritage, as well as what I found of abundant knowledge in the interpretation of Noor al-Anwar by Radi al-Din AL-Najafi because it contains readings, hadith, language, jurisprudence, and others

This research spots the light on Recovery by Zamzam Water in the Light of Al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiah. The miracle of Zamzam water stems from Muhammed's - peace be on him - report that Zamzam water is what it is drunk for, and recovery from disease. No revelation came down denying its recovery property that is drunk for. That is considered a miracle for him - peace be on him -, that is why I prefered to do research on this blessed water to point out some of its miraculous aspects and for the position of this water to myself and my great love. In addition to our hearts neglect of the good intention when drinking it. I wanted to motivate myself and my determination to write about it. I addressed the definition of Zamzam water, its virtues, the story of its appearing, description of its well, the Prophet's interest in drinking Zamzam water, what is necessary for recovery by Zamzam water, and the miraculous aspect of recovery by Zamzam watet. The research reached a number of results the most omportant of which including that Zamzam water is a recovery from any disease. The recovery occurs for anyone whose intention is good, his belief is asserted. It is not necessary to prove its miracle that we have the knowledge of medication truth and how it causes recovery, because Allah sends medication for any disease sent down, and the drinker of Zamzam water according to its conditions surely realized some good.

Our present era is witnessing a great development in modern means of communication, electronic applications, the media, and other satellite channels, and this development has risks related to all aspects of life, and these aspects include: intellectual security and the protection it represents for societies and individuals, and the fatwa was affected by this development as it is the safety valve for correcting thought And securing societies and individuals. So it witnessed great turmoil in our time, and the effect of fatwas on the destabilization, security and stability of the Muslim community, and the assault on its intellectual security, rivalry and divergence between Muslims and corruption on the ground. Because the fatwa is one of the most influential matters in security, it is not hidden. It is one of the most prominent practical and realistic manifestations of Islamic Sharia; because it deals with the developments and events of life, and it is one of the noblest, most useful and most profound sciences in people's lives, and it is a statement of the provisions of God Almighty and their application to human actions. Since the fatwa represents great importance in the aspect of intellectual security, this research comes, the importance of which comes from the fact that intellectual security is a necessary requirement for life and a basic component upon which the life and future of societies are based, and that the fatwa based on the principles of Sharia in Muslim societies is safety for Muslims from the temptation of suspicions, and an impenetrable blocking barrier without being influenced by deviant currents and innovated ways. Protecting the intellectual security of society is a great responsibility for everyone, including scholars, preachers, educational and educational institutions, the family and society.

Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali is considered one of the most Islamic personalities whose star shone in the sciences of philosophy, theology and Sufism, and this is due to the encyclopedic mentality that Imam al-Ghazali had, and the many roles he played. Imam al-Ghazali had passed a condition of uncertainty, but this doubt was systematic, which had led him to deep belief and certainty in God through the path of Sufism. This path does not considered a temporary or accidental state that he took in a state of weakness or uncertainty, but rather it is a return to a foundation in which he was raised, because his father was a Sufi and studied at the hands of a sheikh Sophia and a master of a Sufi approach, and after the mixing of Sufi approach with many extraneous methods emanating from Platonic, Indian, pagan, Persian and other ideas that contradicted Islamic thought, Imam Al-Ghazali tried to adhere to the Sharia, and rid the Sufi faith of the impurities and extraneous ideas that clung to it, especially the idea of incarnation and union. Imam Al-Ghazali was Sunni in sect and Ash'ari in creed, so we find that his Sufism was imbued with this approach that does not neglect the Book of Quran and the Sunnah, so he was a supporter and founder of Sufism in the Islamic environment.

Abstract
The scientific centers established by the Arab and Muslim conquerors in the cities of the North African coast constituted a turning point in Arab-Islamic history because of the intellectual, scientific, and cultural activity that they brought about in an unstable environment, both politically and militarily. The Arab and Muslim conquerors and the princes and rulers who came after them and established states and emirates succeeded in spreading the Islamic religion and the Arabic language in light of a diverse demographic fabric. They inspired the inhabitants of the cities of this coast to convert to Islam and learn Arabic. The contribution of some companions and followers who accompanied the Arab Islamic armies that went to conquer the cities of this coast had the greatest impact in spreading ideological awareness. The intellectual in a pagan environment dominated by ignorance and superstition, and the city of Sousse was the most close example of the ideological and intellectual orientation of the Muslim Arabs in the cities of the North African coast since the start of the African conquest, these ancient Phoenician city were geopolitically important for their important geographical location as a naval base. A commercial center that controls the trade of the North African coasts, and it was one of the first cities on the North African coast to which the eyes of the Arab and Muslim conquerors were directed since the third decade of the first century AH or seventh century AD until its conquest was completed in the mid-ninth decade of the same century, and after its entry into the fold of the state.
The Islamic Arabs turned to it for Muslims to live in, and they were able to give it the Islamic character, so they established the university mosques, the ligaments, and other centers of knowledge and culture, and later it became a center and a link to which the jurists, sheikhs, and scholars of the nation from the east and west of the Arab Islamic state turned for the purpose of jihad and stationing, and the presence of these people created activity. And a scientific renaissance affected the inhabitants of this city, so they learned at their hands the principles of the Islamic religion, and this was reflected in the large number of its scientific centers and cultural forums not to mention the Islamic architecture featured by mosques and domes. The Aghlabid had the greatest impact on the prosperity of these centers. The Islamic Arabs turned to it for Muslims to live in, and they were able to give it the Islamic character, so they established the university mosques, the ligaments, and other centers of knowledge and culture, and later it became a center and a link to which the jurists, sheikhs, and scholars of the nation from the east and west of the Arab Islamic state turned for the purpose of jihad and stationing, and the presence of these people created activity. And a scientific renaissance affected the inhabitants of this city, so they learned at their hands the principles of the Islamic religion, and this was reflected in the large number of its scientific centers and cultural forums. The Aghlabid had the greatest impact on the prosperity of these centers.

The United States and Great Britain have close ties in a joint enemy fight between the first and the second world wars. However, their relationship has been strained at different times for many reasons especially in the naval affairs from the perspective of a chain of conferences which addressed the naval restrictions and arms control. In this respect, the American side strived to arrange an international treaty in order to achieve, at the equality between both the U.S. and the British navy forces. Hence the naval conference of Geneva or Coolidge Naval Conference which was held in 1927 has been made all the U.S. - British tensions clear which might lead to a boycott between them. In the view of that, this research has been made in order to highlight the U.S.- British relationships st the time of Geneva naval conference.

Abstract
The amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth varies with the height of the sun and the difference in the angle of the solar inclination falling on the surface of the earth, as the more the sun’s rays fall at a greater angle, the greater the amount of heat reaching the surface, so when the sun is relatively high in space, the temperature tends to rise Thus, the temperature of the place varies according to the latitude and the distance of the sun from it, the time of the year during the rotation of the earth around the sun and the time of the day while the earth rotates on its axis(). The researcher will focus on studying the computational methods for the value of the total solar radiation first and studying the characteristics of the total solar radiation in the study area secondly, then it will be exposed to the conclusions and recommendations. The study reached a number of results, including
1-There was a discrepancy in the values of total solar radiation annually in the study area, and the annual rates in Anah station ranged from the lowest and recorded (420.8) milliwatts/cm2 and in the highest Rutba station, they recorded (446.2) milliwatts/cm2 for total solar radiation .
2-It was found that there is a spatial and temporal variation in the monthly rates of total solar radiation values, as it reached the highest average of the amount of solar radiation received in the month of June and for all stations in the study area, which recorded about (639.6, 647.4, 630.3, 615.9) milliwatts / cm 2 / day in each of (Al-Ramadi, Al-Rutba, Haditha, Anah) stations, respectively. As for the lowest rates, they were recorded in December in each station (Al-Ramadi, Haditha, Anah), which amounted to about (226.3, 218.2,209.6) mW/cm2/day, respectively

The importance and reasons for choosing the subject of the study and what happened in terms of building and development in education and the consequent events that affected negatively and positively on Turkish society, and accordingly the study was divided into an introduction, preface, three chapters and a conclusion. A new secular state and focused in his works and reforms on education to join Turkey to Western countries, as the majority of Turkish society was illiterate, who made up 90% of the population, and the study focused on children and their education. Al-Turki is a radical change, but not as quickly as possible, because it is considered a period of building roots, the basis for all members of society in changing their customs and traditions.

Abstract
The arts are the best expression of the cultural heritage of peoples, and their beliefs, customs and historical achievements. The cultural roots of any people have a great importance in the development of civilization, and artistic production is nothing but the outcome of experiences and expertise with the characteristics of civilized peoples. Accordingly, and accordingly, the creators of Mesopotamia and Iran were able to formulate an aesthetic art that distinguishes it from the arts of other peoples.
The totality was known to express aesthetics and artistic criticism, which is concerned with all arts, and that its importance lies in the experience when it descends from the artistic, as we find the artists of the Iraqi and Iranian schools whose expression stems from the same artist, expressing the nature of the universe, life, man and divine existence, a way to approach the essence of art and its connection collective human activity.

Abstract
The current study tries to analyze selected Holy Quran verses to understand the messages through cognitive semantics since meaning-based mainly on a conceptual meaning which in turn is based on human experiences in the world that goes beyond the limited linguistic structures. The study aims to examine the role of cognitive semantics to link minds, and human experience to explain abstract ideas via analyzing some selected Quranic verses by reading and explaining them in the view of cognitive semantics and one of its theories (conceptual metaphor). Hence, the study tries to answer the main question: how cognitive semantics link minds, human experience, and language to explain abstract ideas and thoughts? To answer the question the study adopts conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) along with cognitive semantics as a model for the analysis, as it serves to facilitate the understanding of the conceptual abstract meaning that creates imageries in the readers’ minds. The analysis shows that there are strategies, and mental mechanisms in Quranic verses by which a person realizes the meaning of things around him through sensory images in order to resort to a metaphor to bring abstract concepts closer to sensory perceptions. Moreover, the findings show that meaning requires encyclopedic knowledge and is not limited to linguistic knowledge only, but rather requires mental perceptual knowledge.