Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences

In this study, the water evaluation and planning WEAP
model was used to improve the Fallujah irrigation project
with 63,000 hectares and an annual budget get 1,476
million ????3/ yiod (2020-2021). The results showed the
total Water used was 1,272 million ????3/year and equaled
86% of Fallujah irrigation budget. The annual production
was 524.4 million Kg/year for Fallujah irrigation, and
total economic returns were 393.6 million $/year. The
study outlined two scenarios for enhancing the irrigation
system. The first scenario entailed implementing a
sprinkler irrigation system for wheat and barley across
all projects. This resulted in a production increase from
524.4 to 625.7 million kilograms per year and a
corresponding rise in economic returns from 393.6 to
427.2 million annually. In the second scenario, a sprinkler
system was adopted for wheat and barley and a trickle
system for other crops. This approach led to production
growth from 524.4 to 1164.9 million kilograms per year
and a surge in economic returns from 393.6 to 559.4
million annually.

Prefabricated schools are educational structures of great
significance and utility, especially given our country's current
challenges. They expedite construction, reduce environmental
impacts, and enhance educational activities with strong structural
integrity and comfortable, flexible, and healthy design. A
compelling comparison can be made with traditional concrete
schools. With advancements in technology and information in
engineering and the construction industry, Building Information
Modeling (BIM) technology has emerged, playing a vital role in
prefabricated concrete engineering through 3D modeling
simulations.
Numerous challenges are encountered, such as meeting client
requirements, project delays, cost overruns, quality issues,
stakeholder conflicts, labor shortages, safety concerns, increased
change orders, material wastage, and project complexity.
Developed countries utilize BIM to mitigate these challenges and
profoundly improve the AEC industry's performance. BIM tools
provide a comprehensive building visualization, empowering
stakeholders to make informed decisions that ensure efficiency,
sustainability, and cost savings. These features motivate engineers
and contractors to rely on them as essential engineering
applications.
This research involves modeling a school building in the Revit
program, studying work flow between Revit and ETABS program,
and conducting a dynamic analysis of the model from Revit. It also
emphasizes the benefits of prefabricated construction and BIM
technology, facilitated by Revit. The study emphasizes how
important it is to visualize the building's actual form before
beginning the design and decision-making processes.in summery,
this study provides the possibility of growth and application in the
industrialization of the construction industry and raise the
project's overall quality. The development of tools and plugins
programmed to reduce interoperability problems between various
software packages allows for integrating all design activities

Designing large structures like dams requires carefully
selecting various geometric, hydraulic, and structural
characteristics. The required structural design and
performance criteria are considered when selecting these
characteristics. In order to find the best solution, a variety of
restrictions must simultaneously be carefully taken into
account. This study presents an effective method for
determining the optimal shape design for concrete buttress
dams. The research was divided into two crucial phases. The
dam's initial design and subsequent modeling were mostly
done using DIANA FEA and traditional design and stability
analysis. After that, a genetic algorithm was used on the
MATLAB platform to control optimizing the dam's shape.
Three design factors were used in this phase to alter the goal
function and to reduce the amount of Concrete used, which
decreased project costs. These variables covered three areas
of the buttress's cross-section. Two important limitations
were scrutinized during this optimization process:
establishing a safety margin against overtopping and
preventing sliding. The analysis included a detailed
assessment of Shear friction stability to complete a thorough
stability study. The optimization efforts had a spectacular
result, resulting in a significant 52.365% reduction in the total
volume of Concrete used, dropping from 19147.5 cubic
meters to 9122.55 cubic meters. This decrease was made
possible by reducing three distinct components (X1, X2, X3),
with respective proportions of 37.5%, 13.33%, and 30%,
including two segments related to the buttress and the final
segment linked (slab) to the strip foting

Problematic soils, especially clayey soil, are problematic for
engineering projects in their natural state because of clay's
swell-shrinkage phenomenon. Numerous methods and
stabilizer materials have been used to enhance clay's
geotechnical properties and make them appropriate for
construction. One of the significant methods of stabilization of
problematic soil is using waste materials like waste glass, waste
stone, waste plastic, etc. Due to the waste stone's consistency
reducing water content and increasing the soil's strength, it has
been employed in many civil engineering studies. Waste stone is
available in various forms, including waste stone powder (WSP).
WSP is produced by blasting tunnels or cutting huge stone
blocks. Hence, the main aim of this study is to review the
influence of WSP on improving the geotechnical properties of
problematic soils treated with WSP, for this purpose, the treated
problematic soils with various percentages of WSP are
compared with natural soils. This study evaluates physical
properties (i.e., Index properties, linear shrinkage/swelling,
optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density) and
mechanical properties (i.e., unconfined compressive strength
and California bearing ratio). Also, the effect of WSP on
decreasing the thickness of pavement layers was reviewed.

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for fast
computation of the inverse real-valued discrete Fourier
transform (IRDFT) using the decimation in frequency (DIF)
approach. The proposed algorithm represents a direct method
with a new implementation for fast computing of IRDFT. The
algorithm derivation is based on the basic principles of the
Cooley-Tukey algorithm with the divide and conquer
approach and utilizes the advantage of conjugate symmetric
property for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to remove
all redundancies that appear when DFT deals with real data.
The analyses of the proposed algorithm have shown that the
arithmetic number has reached a minimum, therefore the
structure of the developed algorithm possesses the desired
properties such as regularity, simplicity, and in-place
computation. The arithmetic complexity of this algorithm has
been compared with the inverse FFT algorithm, and it was
found that it needs the least number of multiplications and
additions. The validity of the developed algorithm has been
verified by reducing the peak-to-average power ratio PAPR in
optical-OFDM systems compared with complex FFT. The
simulation using MATLAB(R2021a) findings show that the
RFFT O-OFDM system reduces PAPR more efficiently than the
FFT O-OFDM system. The PAPR exhibits a reduction of
approximately 2.4 to 2.75 dB when evaluated at a probability
of occurrence of 10-1 in the complementary cumulative
distribution function (CCDF) plot.

The Cross-Rolling (CR) process is a severe plastic
deformation technique that was used to roll aluminum
alloy 6061. However, this process is accompanied by many
disadvantages, such as spring back due to elastic recovery.
This research aims to investigate the effect of cross-rolling
on the spring back phenomenon by examining the main
parameters that affect the forming process. Two different
routes of cross-rolling were used: the first route, called
two-step cross-rolling (TSCR), and the second, multi-step
cross-rolling (MSCR), were employed to achieve high
deformation and superior mechanical properties. The
samples were bent using the V-bending process at three
different speeds (5, 10, and 15 mm/min). The results
showed that the rolling route and the change in cutting
direction led to increased plastic deformation, thus
increasing the spring-back factor. The type of route and
cutting direction significantly impacted both the maximum
load and the springback results.

Turning is the most popular machining operation. The quality
of the product may be determined using a variety of metrics,
such as the surface generation method and the surface
roughness of the product. This work uses cutting variables to
obtain the best surface quality through a mathematical model.
The suggested surface generation in this work results from
deriving it using the Bezier technique, with degree (5th)
having six chosen control points. One of the critical indicators
of the quality of machined components is the surface
roughness created during the machining process. Surface
roughness improvement via machining process parameter
optimization has been extensively researched. The Taguchi
Method and actual tests were employed for evaluating the
surface quality of complicated forms; regression models with
three different variables for the cutting process, such as
cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate, were also used.
According to the experimental findings, the most significant
effect of feed rate on the surface roughness is approximately
(40.9%), and the more minor effect of depth of cut on the
surface roughness is almost (16.23%). In addition, the average
percentage error is 4.93%, the maximum error is 0.14 mm,
and the minimum error is -0.143 mm for the prediction using
the regression equation