JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS

The goal of the study is to define the role of Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Banking Development through Entrepreneurship dimensions; creativity and innovation, risk-taking, and initiative. Sustainable Banking Development are referred to through its dimensions (Economic Sustainment, Social Sustainment, and Environmental Sustainment). The study tries to answer several questions, some of which are: Is there a connection between Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Banking Development? The applied study samples are Iraqi banks. The two researchers adopted the descriptive and analytical approach through the prepared resolution for such purpose The resolution distributed on samples comprised of (144) individuals representing banks department and divisions directors, in addition to interviews and important notes. In preparation for testing the hypotheses, the study was built on a number of statistical methods, including (Arithmetic mean, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, Simple and Multiple linear regression, Coefficient of determination (R2), Marginal propensity (β), t-test, F-test, and the usage of statistical programs; spss-v24 and Excel.The study reached a set of conclusions, most important of which is that: samples of the bank administrations of the study are fully aware of the dimensions of Entrepreneurship and the dimensions of sustainable banking development and they will adopt this relation. In the end, the study closes with a set of recommendations, most important of which is the necessity of investing in this positive relationship between Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Banking Development of the study samples in order to increase interest and benefit in the ecology of work to improve the banks’ reputation.

Institutional governance is one of the mechanisms that have become necessary to apply in most institutions, whether governmental or private, in order to achieve effective rational management that fulfills the interests of all those dealing with the institution. To highlight this role, the researchers set three goals
1. Focusing on the role of audit committees in boards of directors, as they are the most important pillars of achieving this new concept.
2. The relationship of these committees to the internal and external audit committees.
3. Draw the attention of all responsible authorities to the danger of financial and administrative corruption.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers followed the descriptive and analytical approach.
The researchers reviewed the research variables, and the first topic included corporate governance, its development and benefits.
As for the second topic, it included the conceptual aspect of financial and administrative corruption and its most important causes, manifestations and consequences.
As for the third topic, the role of governance mechanisms in reducing cases of financial and administrative corruption.
1. Governance is the effective method for curbing administrative corruption if appropriate and clear laws are put in place, with the importance of including them in punitive texts that deter anyone who abuses the application of law and strives in his administrative specialization
2. Conducting a comprehensive evaluation process for governance programs.
The researchers also recommended:
1. Applying the governance mechanisms that the researchers cited to address the problem of financial and administrative corruption that afflicted state-owned enterprises and companies.
2. Spreading the culture of governance in society, through various media outlets and civil society organizations, and activating the role of the media in all its forms by educating people about types of corruption,
And ways of cooperating with him to eliminate it, and society realizes that governance is against any kind of corruption or any corruption that aims to rob society of its wealth, money and gains.

The current study aims to study the possibility of applying Knowledge Management Models and their role in achieving improvement in technical and administrative performance in the Iraqi Oil Exploration Company. The researcher determined the level of institutional performance in a company by distributing a performance measurement questionnaire consisting of (35) items. After collecting and analyzing the responses, the researcher selected models for knowledge management as he analyzed them and converted them into a special questionnaire for each knowledge model in a sequential order from the dimensions to the axes and points.
After distributing the questionnaire for each model, the models that are most suitable and consistent with the reality and nature of performance in the company were determined. The models are (the practical intelligence model with a higher percentage, while the knowledge management life cycle model obtained the second sequence). Descriptive analysis and distribution of the data were used as well as the percentage of flattening and twisting of the sample. The study, then, uses the AMOS program, the confirmation analysis, the Fakronbach factor, and the statistical program (SPSS V23) to confirm and prove the hypotheses of the study.
As for the study population was selected from a sample of 220 individuals that included directors, agents, heads of departments, divisions and units, experienced people, officials of seismic teams and their assistants to accurately represent the community.

Neural Networks technology is characterized by its ability to process inputs and reality data and bypassing traditional techniques in explaining the behavior of phenomena, which has made it a topic of interest to many researchers in different fields. The research aims to take advantage of the distinct capabilities of the neural networks when using it in making investment decisions, especially in the field of currencies, as it is one of the important areas of investment, whether at the level of individuals or financial institutions with the aim of achieving profits, which depends mainly on predicting the movements of currency prices up or down. Three types of neural networks technologies were used: Clustering Modified Radial Basis Function (MRBF), (Multi-layer perception (MLP) technology and finally (Artificial neural network (ANN)) technology to obtain the search results. The analysis was carried out using monthly information on the exchange rate of the euro against the US dollar for the period from 1/1/2015 to 31/12/2020, and MATLAB version V.5.2.0 was used to process the input data and thus obtain the search results. The research found that the use of a neural network (ANN) gives great accuracy in predicting the future movements of the currency of the research sample compared to other techniques used according to the RMSE comparison standard, which reduces the risk of investing in currencies and thus increases returns.

He research aims to clarify the general strategy budget roles in government performance, as it is one of the most important steps pursued by the public financial policy. To achieve the research objectives, the Ministry of water Resources was studied as a case through analyzing the general budget data for the period from 2009 to 2018. A set of conclusions and recommendation was reached, the most prominent one is a number of lagging projects which was the presence at the Ministry of Water Resources, despite of the ministry’s general strategy, the main reason for that is that the ministry depending on programs budget which related to un accurate of expenditures, revenues estimation, and other technical reasons, as well as the lack of funding for the ministry in the financial allocations prescribed in general budget, especially for the years 2014-2017 due to the significant drop of oil prices, which led to delays and lag in projects completion and some of them stopped working which in need to work with the modern budget system such as budget programs and performance in the investment budget to ensure their implementation within the plan, and expand investment spending as well as contribute to improving the performance of the government, which reflects positively on the level of services.

This research aims to identify the role of entrepreneurial behavior through the entrepreneur's possession of creative management characteristics that help him in building and managing the organization through what he adopts from a new idea or innovation of a new style or product or a new development process put on the market, and it requires the entrepreneur to be unconventional Rather, he has a broad imagination in his distinctive leadership of modern management philosophy, and among the actions of the entrepreneur is to spread the spirit of loyalty and belonging to the work through the information he possesses and its use in the work, knowledge of the internal environment and what surrounds it, and administrative decisions regarding the organization's resources and how to invest them. A theoretical framework on the concept of entrepreneurship and the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior and the extent of their impact on introducing new creative products, thus strengthening its economic position to meet the competitive challenges it faces in the market and its access to success and excellence. Therefore, this research aims to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior (the independent variable) and its role on banking performance ( The dependent variable) and for the purpose of achieving its objectives, a hypothetical scheme was constructed that defines the nature of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

The research aims to shed light on the analysis of the relationship and influence between the voices of workers and awareness. And since The research problem was represented in an important question, which is (Is there a relationship and influence between the voices of workers and strategic awareness) and for the purpose of explaining the relationship between the main research variables, two main hypotheses were formulated for correlation and influence. The questionnaire was also adopted as a main tool for data collection, as the sample included (40) employees out of a total community of (53) in Rabban Al Safina Company, and for the purpose data analysis, the statistical program SPSS and EXCEL were used, and the statistical methods used are (Spearman's correlation coefficient and simple linear regression coefficient)
The research has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are (there is a high level of workers’ voices in enhancing strategic awareness in Raban Al Safina Company, and the existence of a moral and direct correlation relationship between the voices of employees and strategic awareness) , and the research puts forward a set of recommendations, most notably the need for the company to seek to Paying attention to the voices of employees and their influence in promoting and developing the strategic awareness of the company and involving them in solving administrative and organizational problems .

The research aims to identify both crisis management strategies and job performance in the research community and to determine the nature of the relationship between the two variables. The descriptive analytical method was used in this research. The research community consists of a group of professors and employees from the college of Arts at Al-Mustansiriya University, with total number of (79) professors and employees. Only (4) forms were excluded due to their lack of validity. Thus, the number of forms approved in the analysis was (75) forms, and the research questionnaires was designed based on previous studies related to the research subject, and the statistical program (SPSS) was used, and the most important results of the research are the existence of a correlation and a significant relationship between the use of crisis management strategies and job performance.

The research focuses on measuring the relationship between administrative personality patterns in their dimensions (self-determination, mass, administrative, genius) and Carnegie's model of decision-making in the habit of "uncertainty environment, conflict, establishment of alliances, research, and decision-making". The study was applied in the faculties and institutes of the Central Technical University by (5) technical colleges, and (8) technical institutes at the university.
. The researcher touched on the need of research organizations to promote karnigi decision-making through the relationship between personal administrative patterns, and tested the study on a sample of meaning, consisting of (105) single level (dean- assistant dean - heads of departments), and adopted the researcher (descriptive analytical approach) to collect information and analyze it and reveal the relationships between its dimensions. The study used the questionnaire form as a key tool for collecting data and information, as well as interviews. The researcher drew the most important conclusions: the existence of a variety of correlations between the four personal patterns and the dimensions of the Carnegie model, where the self-made personality achieved as the dominant pattern because it achieved the highest correlation.
The practices of the mass personality achieved the value of the association of the lowest of the four link transaction values. This suggests that the Carnegie model emphasizes that decisions are made on a sufficient basis, decision makers focus on direct problems and short solutions and satisfaction should be reached jointly, collectively and not individually. It is clear that the senior departments of educational institutions have more than one of the four types that gives them a great advantage in the field of management and the use of different skills depending on the requirements of the situation

This research aims to identify the impact of the characteristics of the learning organization in its dimensions (mental models, organizational excellence, systemic thinking, shared vision, collective learning) in each of the dimensions of sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, responsiveness to customers, effectiveness). Information related to the field research was collected in three private colleges (Baghdad University College of Economic Sciences - Al-Mo'mun University College - Al-Turath University) by designing a questionnaire that was distributed to the research sample of (75) teachers and administrators in the colleges. The research showed several conclusions, including: (1) There is a direct correlation with a statistical significance between all the characteristics of the learning organization represented by (mental models, organizational excellence, associative thinking, joint vision, group learning) and between each dimension of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality response to customers, effectiveness). (2) The application of the characteristics of the learning organization represented by (mental models, organizational excellence, associative thinking, shared vision, group learning) in the faculties of the research sample led to a significant impact in every dimension of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, response to customers, effectiveness ),
At the end of the research, a number of recommendations were reached, the most important of which are: Private organizations, including private colleges and universities, should develop and popularize the concept of the characteristics of the educated organization and adopt this concept in its departments, because this concept provides the organization with a model that helps in development, progress and achieving the organization's goals related to achieving competitive advantage The sustainable represented by quality, responsiveness to customers and effectiveness, which all organizations seek to achieve

The research aims to investigate the facts of the trade dispute between the United States of America and China of the utmost importance of these two countries at the international level because the relationship between them is a mixture of cooperation and competition and is governed by interests and possesses special economic, political and military advantages and components. China is a strong competitor to the United States of America and has become its largest trading partner since 2015 and seeks to make the global system multi-polar, and this is what scares the United States of America and is using the deficit in its trade balance, intellectual property rights and US national security as an excuse to provoke trade frictions with China, where the two sides fight Trade battles by imposing tariffs on each other's goods . The study tries to analyze the nature of the relationship between the United States of America and China and to explain the impact of this ongoing conflict between them on the two sides and the economic growth in the world and to identify its repercussions. One of the most important conclusions is that the trade dispute between them is the latest transformations in the global trading system and contributed to the formation of uncertainty in the global economy, undermining the business climate and creating confidence in financial markets, and this conflict has resulted in incompatibility in trade and financial policies at the level of international relations. Recommending that the parties to the conflict reach an agreement to stop the trade dispute between the two disputing countries, especially from the United States of America, as it will be affected more than China by this dispute, In addition, ending this conflict is an international requirement to maintain global economic stability. The emergence of the Corona pandemic threatened the global economy, and led to the failure or halting of attempts to resolve the conflict between the United States of America and China.

The banking system is considered one of the basic and important elements for building the economy and enhancing the financial soundness of the banking sector, and this importance comes from the role of banks operating in it as depository institutions and intermediaries between supply and demand units, in addition to modern banking services and payment systems that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of economic activity. Therefore, we find that indicators of liquidity risk are important indicators that reflect the activity of banks, which at the same time may reflect a misleading picture of the conditions of banks in terms of the strength of their balance sheets and the extent of their compliance and commitment to the standards and instructions issued by the Central Bank. Therefore, bank liquidity is the basis of the banks' work and is considered their backbone. Rather, the banks ’work depends on them, which is reflected in the financial soundness of the financial system. This importance led us to choose the topic of the research, as the research aimed to determine the impact of bank liquidity risks on financial safety indicators. This study was conducted on the Iraqi banking system for the period 2005-2019, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted based on data and information on government and private banks that were taken. From the official authorities represented by the Central Bank of Iraq. Finally, the research reached a set of conclusions, including the existence of a compromise relationship between the ratio of total loans to total deposits and the ratio of capital adequacy, and that the ratio of total liquid assets to total deposits has some effect on total non-performing loans to total assets, and there is some agreement and then The effect of the ratio of total loans to total deposits on the ratio of bad loans to total cash credit, with few exceptions.

This research discussed the importance of industrial policy and its role in the development of small projects and standing on the most prominent challenges and obstacle, which it faced small projects in Iraq, the most important of which are: (Deliberate neglect of small projects in Iraq compared to large projects), and Contribute to building a strong diversified economy through the promotion and development of small enterprises, The research aims to identify the developmental role of industrial policy In developing small projects in Iraq, as well as diagnosing and enhancing the developmental role of small projects, This requires the design of industrial policies that work to overcome the obstacles and challenges facing these projects, and the research came to the conclusion say that: The weak developmental role of small projects in Iraq, Represented by its weak contribution to the main economic indicators Especially the added value and the operation, because the neglect of the industrial policy whose actions were marked base for big projects , and that the weakness of small projects was reflected in a weak performance of the private sector in general in Iraq.

The global oil Market is characterized by a wide range of uncertainty and many economic and political aspects overlap.
Studying the oil market and predicting its developments is not an easy matter and contains many complications.
The oil market needs an in – depth analysis to be able – even to a close extent – to predict the developments that many occur, especially with regard to prices.
This research deals with the demand for oil, reserves, and global production for the period 2000 – 2018 and their implications for world oil prices .
One of the most important conclusions of this research is that the developed countries have maintained their share of global demand during the mentioned period. while global oil production increased from (65.8) million in 2000 to( 75.8)million barrels per day in 2018 ( an increase of 15.2% and an annual increase rate of 0.78) ,but the demand by developed countries increased from ( 47. 8) million in 2000( 62. 9%of global demand) to( 47. 9) million barrels per day in 2018 an increase of 0.2% and an annual increase rate of 0.01%.
One of the most important recommendations of the research is that the oil market will remain in the long term a consumer market and not a producer market, that is, the consuming countries control the volume of world demand and influence oil prices. Also, the idea of depleting oil reserves globally will postponed to longer decades as a result of technological progress in the exploration and production of crude oil.

Crude oil is the main source of financing for Iraq's general budget, as the surplus or deficit is linked to the volatility of crude oil prices on international markets. The importance of the research comes from the fact that the subject of the study is concerned with the study of the general budget and its relevance to GDP .
The research aims to analyze the general budget in Iraq as well as the structure of GDP and the relative importance of the contribution of economic sectors to the gross domestic product. The inductive approach was used to analyze the findings of the research, which means that the quantitative method was also used in measuring the relationship between the balance sheet and GDP. The research limits for the period (2003-2018) were extended. The research also reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, including:
1- The Iraqi economy depends on oil revenues directly in the financing of the general budget, which means its economy is a unilateral economy. The Iraqi economy is directly affected by the fluctuation in crude oil prices on international markets due to its dependence on oil revenues.
2- Through the standard side it has been proven that there is a direct relationship between the deficit or the surplus in the general budget and the total bee output.
3- The need to diversify the Iraqi economy and not rely on a single resource to finance the general budget in order to avoid the structural problems and imbalances that occur as a result of dependence on a single economic resource

The international aid in the last decade is a source of funding for most developing countries and at their various levels, especially for low-income countries. The aim of the research is to identify the trends of financial aid and the per capita share of it on the economic growth of the group of low-income countries. The research found the stability of the variables data at the first difference. And a very high moral level, which led to the possibility of conducting co-integration of degrees (0,1) and (1,1), which proved the existence of a long-term relationship between the research variables, The standard results of the estimated model also proved that there is a positive relationship between financial aid and economic growth in the case of directing this aid to building social capital. However, the standard results proved that the increase in the per capita share of such aid leads to a decrease in GDP, as it was insignificant and associated with Aid has a positive relationship stronger than its correlation with GDP, and the independent variables explained about (72%) of the changes of the dependent variable, and there was no self-correlation, and the model was significant, as the value of F () reached a significant degree, and the research recommends activating the role of financial aid and directing it towards Building social capital and supporting poor families and budget deficits for low-income countries.

The exchange rate is one of the important tools of the monetary authority, in all countries of the world generally, and developing countries particularly, due to its high sensitivity to the investment climate, business environment and economic conditions. The most appropriate to the facts and the political economy data. This study analyzed the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar against the official and parallel US dollar, and developed a prediction for it until the end of 2021. The exchange data was used for the period (1/1/2004-28/2/2018) and on the basis of which the predictive trend of this study. The problem of the study is the excessive sensitivity of the macroeconomic variables to the change in the Iraqi exchange rate, due to the deterioration of the real macroeconomic environment. This leaves a bad impression on the public about possession of money and a preference for other components of wealth, this gives rise to pessimistic expectations in local markets that push towards raising the general level of prices, and motivate the regulatory groups of local markets to collude in order to raise the ceiling of personal gains in return for harming the interest of society. The hypothesis of the study is that the monetary authority’s adoption of a high exchange rate will adapt the markets to it after a period of time at new limits for the values of macroeconomic variables, the study concluded that the predicted parallel exchange rate will maintain a balanced marginal limit in the short term vis-à-vis the official exchange rate, so the study recommends It is necessary to be vigilant against regulatory market indicators and collusion that try to push local markets away from their true values.

This research aims to analyze the causal relationship between the sustainability public finances capabilities of the Arab oil states and their real exchange rates in light of the instability of oil prices in the global markets.
This paper also examines and focuses on finding a standard model that can measure with acceptable quality for this relationship. The ARDL model has been adopted after confirming its relative quality in the period (2014-2020).A sample of Arab oil states are Algeria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, with the aim of clarifying the factors most influencing the phenomenon of sustainability public finances in support of the sustainability of their real exchange rates, especially in periods of oil shocks and their aftermath.The applied results of this study of the study sample showed that the factors affecting the stability of real exchange rates, for Algeria are the sustainability public finances index, and for Iraq they are the two variables of the crude GDP and the oil return rate, and for Saudi Arabia, the three variables are the ratio of sustainability public finances, the gross domestic product and the ratio of Oil yield .

This study aims at identifying the reality of funding in the form of Musharakah in a sample of Saudi and Yemeni Islamic banks. The method of the descriptive analysis was used in order to analyze the reality of funding in the form of Musharakah in Islamic banks based on the published reports for the period 2010-2019. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to a non-random sample of 112 of funding bank experts, and researchers in Islamic bank funding, to find out the reasons of the poor application of the Musharaka formula in funding, and the mechanisms of their improvement. The descriptive analysis of the financial reports concluded that there is a complete absence of the Musharakah formula in Al-Rajhi Bank. As for Al-Tadhamon Bank and Saba Bank of Yemen, it appeared very weak and sporadic; it ranged between 0.70% - 5.20% in Al-Tadhamon Bank and in Saba Bank between 0.17% - 0.30% of the volume of funding and investment. In the field study, eleven reasons for the poor application of the Musharakah formula (out of 14 reasons) obtained an overall average 3.72 out of 5; four statements of the proposed mechanisms for developing the application of the continuous Musharaka formula obtained an overall average of 4.47 out of 5 at a level of significance of "very useful". An overall average 4.41 out of 5 with a level of significance of "very useful" was obtained from the other three statements of proposed mechanisms for developing the application of the formula of diminishing participating that leads to ownership and the deal participation. It refers to the Musharakah of clients who have significant shares or contributions to the project, and who have good reputation and sufficient experience; it is also necessary to monitor and audit the company's accounts periodically. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the need for the central banks in these two countries to intervene in order to oblige Islamic banks to allocate funding rates for Musharaka formulas in compliance with their establishment laws and regulations.

In light of the problems that the Iraqi economy suffers from due to the absence of financial reforms, the inability to address and confront administrative and financial corruption and the fragility of planning for the country’s federal budget, the inevitable contradictions will continue to not achieve sustainable development, especially since Iraq suffers from the worst performance of GDP growth since 2003, Instability, lack of job opportunities, corruption and poor services remain among the most important risks impeding long-term growth in the country. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the fragile federal budget through structural transformation, financial reform and diversification of national income sources in order to give a greater opportunity to the private sector. The high level of fragility, conflict, corruption and dependence on oil for a single resource hinders the country's progress towards financial and economic reform.

Financial analysis is one of the effective means that contribute to helping the bank to draw up a successful credit policy, as the research aimed to identify the extent of the impact of financial analysis on making the right credit decision that achieves a successful credit policy. The research problem was launched through direct reliance by the bank’s management on the guarantees previously provided. Therefore, the research sought to find out the extent of the impact of the financial analysis on the credit decisions taken, which will result in the evaluation of the credit policy, which affects the decisions taken and the extent of their safety. Two cases have been studied for companies that applied for credit during the year 2017 and analyzed the financial reports on those companies. The research has reached the most important results, the most important of which is that the financial analysis has an "effective" effect on making the right credit decision. Direct reliance on guarantees may provide security for the bank’s management, but direct reliance on them as a basic indicator may influence the drawing up of a tight credit policy that contributes to the advancement economic projects.

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between crude oil prices in the international market and unemployment rates in Iraq for the period (1970-2020) using the NARDL model, in addition to estimating the impact of a shock in crude oil prices in the global market on unemployment rates in Iraq. The research found a long-term, non-linear inverse equilibrium relationship between crude oil prices and unemployment rates in Iraq. In addition, an increase in oil prices by a certain percentage leads to a decrease in unemployment rates in Iraq by twice this percentage in the long term; But the decline in crude oil prices by a certain percentage will lead to an increase in unemployment rates in Iraq, double this percentage in the long term.

The accelerating events and the continuous changes that took place in the business sector cast a shadow on the internal audit in terms of its procedures and direction. The research aims to identify the International Professional Practices Framework issued by the IIA and the developments in the guidance guidelines for assessing risk management processes. It also aims to identify the Responsibility Matrix (RACI) in assessing the responsibility of the internal auditor, as it is one of the modern tools in the evaluation, as it consists of the basic elements (responsible, accountability, consulting, reporting and applying these tools to a sample of Iraqi banks to obtain indicators for evaluating The development of economic units and the risks that these banks are exposed to. A field study has been conducted on some commercial banks registered in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The internal audit is the safety valve for the economic unit in determining the acceptable level of it. Therefore, the problem of searching for the extent of the internal auditor’s perception in the sample of research can be posed. With modern frameworks for professional practices, does the responsibility distribution matrix (RACI) contribute to assessing the responsibility of the internal auditor, to address the weaknesses of the banks, the research sample, and to test the proposed responsibility matrix. And run the data and process it automatically by using statistical models to analyze the results and test the hypotheses There is a correlation relationship between the components of the Responsibility Distribution Matrix (RACI) and the work of the internal auditor, and that their use affects between 80% -95% Therefore, banks can work on developing and updating their systems constantly by relying on international frameworks and guidelines for internal auditors that clarify the work of the economic unit, which can be adopted in light of their use of the Responsibility Matrix (RACI). A risk-based audit program can also be applied.

Nanotechnology is one of the latest in technological and scientific development in recent years, as it is the second industrial revolution that will contribute to achieving the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development by reducing industrial waste and then getting rid of industrial pollution and improving the efficiency of the use of available economic resources. The point of view The aim of the research is to introduce nanotechnology, what it is and the areas of its application in the industrial sector in general and in Iraq in particular, and to indicate the extent to which it can be used to support and achieve the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. By reducing consumed resources.

The research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of internal audit procedures in banks in reducing administrative and financial corruption, and to achieve the goal of the research, (100) questionnaires were prepared and distributed to a sample of internal audit employees working in Iraqi banks, and the research hypothesis was tested and the data analyzed through the use of some methods. Appropriate statistic
The most important results were reached: The existence of an effective and efficient internal audit in banks helps to discover administrative and financial corruption and thus reduce it. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: the need to increase interest in internal auditing, after which one of the most important elements of effective internal control, and the need to adopt continuous training for internal audit workers to keep pace with modern audit mechanisms, and the observations of internal auditing from the bank management should be responded to quickly.

The fuzzy linear regression model is one of the statistical methods that are used to represent the relationship between two or more phenomena when those phenomena or some of them are characterized by the inaccuracy or reliability of their data. The research deals with formulating the fuzzy relationship between the Iraqi GDP and the dollar exchange rate based on a fuzzy linear regression model with fuzzy inputs and outputs, and then using the fuzzy least squares method in estimating the impact of the dollar exchange rate (the explanatory variable) on the GDP (response variable), Since the observations of both variables are represented by fuzzy trigonometric numbers.

There was a need to compare the nonparametric methods used in predicting time series to find the most efficient method for forecasting, and this was in fact the main objective of this study. The research problem was summed up that parametric statistical methods need conditions and criteria that may be difficult to meet, so it was necessary to search for new methods of prediction other than the traditional methods, which are non-parametric methods. The comparison was through the application of the simulation method, where the data was generated by the restricted generation equation based on the original data, with the lowest value and the highest value for each type of data. The focus of the study is a comparison between the two methods of neural networks (the back propagation error network) and the kernel method (Nadaraya-Watson estimator). As for the sample sizes, the sizes (15, 30, 60 and 100) were selected. As for the criteria that were used for comparison, they were (MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE).The results showed, through simulation, that the neural networks give better and more efficient results than the Kernel method in most of the scales and for all sample sizes.

This study has conducted for the purpose of defining the most influential factors for the occurrences of the heart disease in a group of patient during the classification and specification of the most significant ones of the variables with the realization of each variable and its influence on each other in the study,as well as the classifying relation among these variables were described through practicing on the analytical part which is called the factor analysis by using the method of principal axis factor on the heart data. This work reached out and finished with some conclusions among the most prominent ones are the ability to classify the variables into six group or major heterogeneity among themselves that influence the occurrence of the diseases.We also conclude that those variables that cause heart failure, which are serum creatinine, serum sodium, platelets, ejection fraction (cardiac output), sex and smoking, and also monitoring the time of disease occurrence in patients with the doctor.

The study aimed to determine the degree of administrative control applied and the degree of functional slowdown in it From the point of view of human resource management and the relationship between them. It also aimed to identify the effect of the variables (years of service, and marital status) of the Planning Bureau employees at the Ministry of Planning and its impact on the slowdown in employment among individuals.The study population may be from all the offices of the Ministry of Planning in the academic year (2015 -2020 AD) The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach because it is based on a set of procedures Research that relies on collecting facts and data, classifying them, processing them, analyzing them adequately and accurately, extracting their implications, and arriving at conclusions and recommendations related to the subject of the study. As for the tool that was used to obtain the results of this study: The researcher divided the research into two requirements, where the first requirement represents the theoretical literature and administrative reports related to the topic. As for the second requirement, the study took into account that it contains two main parts, as the first variable for the study is the independent variables represented (service and social status, while the dependent variables represent (function laxity), and the researcher used to do so. WolframAlpha).Keyword: The study problem occupies great importance because it is related to the guest institutions on which the strategic planning of the country depends. Years of service are important and represent the employee’s ability to perform his role effectively and show which of the effective ages and which ones lead to neglect in the field of work, while the social status indicator gives us the importance of the social aspect (married, single) in reducing the phenomenon of idleness, and in sum all of these Variations are on the human resource side.

The current study examines the impact of electronic management and its requirements (support for senior management, technical resources and human resources) in the strategic success, and the study problem was represented by a number of questions, answered to know the extent of the interest of senior management in supporting electronic management applications and thus achieving the strategic success of the research sample (Directorate Education), and then determining the impact between these variables, and that the importance of the study stems from the importance of the role played by electronic management in capacity development and development and improving the services provided that lead the organization to achieve the success in a more general achievement have high enough, has been used as a tool questionnaire for data collection form was designed based on the theoretical side and distributed to a total sample strength of 40 respondents represented Managers and staff of the Directorate of Education, and the results matching the study hypotheses.
The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the presence of a statistically significant effect of electronic management in strategic success, then a set of recommendations came, the most important of which was the need to implement electronic management by the research department because of its importance in solving many problems, including the negatives of paper handling.