Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan pathogen of human and animals, The study was conducted on 557 serum samples of pregnant women from Al-Battol, Al-Hansa, Hamdania Hospital and privet laboratories located in Nineveh between October 2011 to March 2012,suspected patients were in age ranged between 22 up to 41 years to detect Toxoplasma antibodies using latex agglutination test (LAT). Results showed infection rate of 32-43%, with titer ranged between 1 4 to 1 32 which indicated chronic infection.Significant decrease in TRBs, Hb and PCV were detected in pretreatment patients compared with post treatment .Moreover 312 sheep and goats serum samples were also used to identified Toxoplasma antibodies and results showed that (43.66%) , (37.64%) of goats and sheep respectively were infected with Toxoplasmosis.
It have been concluded that Toxoplasmosis were and important infectious disease affected both woman and animals in Ninavah province .

This study was done to evaluate the hypoglycemic potentials of ginger
(zingiber officinale ) in controlling hyperglycemia ,hypoinsulinemia and their
effect on total cholesterol in cadmium-induced pancreotoxicity in male rabbits
Twenty four of adult male rabbits were divided randomly into four equal groups.
Group 1 was given distilled water orally and considered as control group, group 2
received 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride, group 3 received 100mg/ kg B.w of
ginger extract plus 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride and group 4 received
200mg/ kg B.w of ginger extract plus 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride. All
treatments were given a daily dose for 35 days.
The blood sample was taken from these animal groups after 35 days of treatment
for biochemical analysis to estimate : insulin hormone, blood glucose ,total
cholesterol, Aspartate amino transferase (AST) , Alanine aminotranferase(ALT)
and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
The results showed that cadmium chloride administration resulted in a decrease in
the level of insulin concentration associated with an increase in glucose and total
cholesterol concentration in rabbits .The enzyme activities of serum ALT, AST and
ALP were also significantly increased . While , the groups of animal that received
ginger showed significant decrease in serum glucose , cholesterol , AST, ALT and
ALP. The level of insulin was also increased in these groups of animal.

The study designed to use high cholesterol diet to male rats(Rattus
norvegicus) and asses the ability of the different concentrations of taurine to protect
the reproduction from the harmful effect of hypercholesterolemia during 4 weeks of
treatment .Thirty six adult male rats were used, randomly divided into six equal
groups (six for each)as control and five treatment groups. Control of animals were fed
on the standard ration. First treated group was supplied with the standard ration in
addition to 1.5% taurine . Second treated group was supplied with standard ration in
addition to 1.5% cholesterol .Third, Fourth and Fifth treated groups were supplied
with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol and 2,3and 4% taurine /kg ration
respectively and were handled for four weeks. At the end of the experiment the blood
serum samples were collect and FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen levels were taken
and sperm vitality was recorded in addition to the weight of testis and epididymis
were recorded. The results revealed to the positive role of taurine in protection of
reproductive from the pad effect of hypercholesterolemia in male rats .The taurine led
to increase in Gonadotropin hormones FSH and LH in addition to the testosterone
after it has been reduced due to cholesterol in the ration and as a results to
gonadotropin and testosterone hormone improvement ,the sperm viability was
improved as well after it was decline due to high cholesterol addition in experimental

The aim of this study investigate the effects of long term administration of
Dexamethasone (DEX.) 17 β-estradiol (EST.) on body weight, concentration of some
hormones ( Leptin, thyroid and reproductive hormone) in addition to determination of
lipid profile of female rabbits blood serum.
Thirty local rabbits were subdivided randomly and equally into three groups. The
first group was used as a control which injected with normal saline . The second group
was injected daily (0.5mg /kg B.W) DEX . Intramuscularly. The third group was injected
subcutaneously daily with 0.3 mg /kg B.W s/c 17 β-estradiol. All groups in this study
were treated for 60 days , and blood collected every 15 days. Serum was tested for leptin,
LH, FSH, T3, T4 hormones total Cholesterol(TC), HDL(height density lipo-protein),
LDL (low density lipo- protein),TG (triglycerides), Body weight was taken every 15 days
from the first day .
The result showed significant (P≤0.05) decreased in body weight after
administration of both dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen (EST.), significant increased
in leptin concentration with dexamethasone (DEX.) Treatment while significant
decreased with Estrogen (EST.) treatment, in the other hand LH and FSH concentration
showed significant decreased in both treatment dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen
(EST.) thyroid hormone show significant decreased with dexamethasone (DEX.)
Treatment and significant increased T3 & T4 hormone with Estrogen (EST.) treatment as
compare with control while the increase in the T4 it was occurred only in the periods (45and 60)days within treatment groups , lipid profile (TC,TG,LDL, HDL,VLDL) show
significant increased with DEX. treatment while Significant decreased with EST.
treatment

An investigation into ectoparasites of sheep and goats was carried out in Duhok province North West region of Iraq, during six months of a year, from January to June 2010. One thousand and two hundred forty eight (1248) sheep and 954 goats in 110 flocks from 80 villages were examined. Among them overall animals (66.89%) were infested with one or more species of ectoparasites. Of 720 (57.7%) and of 753 (78.9%) sheep and goats, respectively were infested. Five different types of ectoparasites, ticks (46.7%, 34.9%), lice (3.8%, 33.8%), mites (7.1%, 0.1%), fleas (2.8%, 7.75%) and ked (1.2%, 4.5%) were identified sheep and goats, respectively. Five species of hard ticks (Ixodidae) were identified in both sheep and goats, namely Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicun (48.37%, 13.5%), H. marginatum (18.01%, 8.1%), Rhipicephalus sanguineous (21.09%, 39.93%), R. turanicus (16.8%, 49.54%) and Haemaphysalis ssp. (2.5%, 0.9%). Two species of lice were infested each one of animal these namely, Damalinia Ovis (75%) and Linognathus stenopsis (33.3%) on sheep, and D. caprae (80.74%) and L.stenopsis (19.2%) on goats. Sheep were highly infested with two species of mites, Sarcoptes scabiei (25.84%) and Psoroptes Ovis (74.15%) than the goats, which one goat was found (0.1%) infested with S. scabiei. Three species of fleas were found infested both sheep and goats. Out of 106 collected fleas (47.2%, 43.4%, 9.4%) were Ctenocephalides felis felis, Pulex irritans and Xenopsylla cheopis, respectively. However, the only one species of Ked Melophagus ovinus were infested (1.2%) of sheep and (4.5%) of goats.

The present work includes morphological and radiological studies of the salivary gland , saliva is the mixed secretion of these gland the secretion of saliva in ruminants is continuous ,it has been moistest oral mucosa, provide medium for dissolved food and control bacterial flora of the oral cavity , the aim of present work to report more detailed information about the salivary gland and duct in cattle which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to palpate the parotid and mandibular salivary gland and different the mandibular salivary gland from lymph nodes ,to be able to trace the ducts of the salivary glands and palpate the parotid duct in the cheek of cattle , to be extirpate the mandibular and monostomac sublingual salivary glands . Collected from (6) fresh preserved heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into two groups : first group to study of shape ,position and relation of major salivary gland also study the morphology of the minor salivary gland and second group study morphological and radio graphical of parotid , mandibular and sublingual duct in cattle.The study revealed that the three major paired salivary glands(parotid ,mandibular and sublingual gland ) in addition four minor salivary glands ( buccal ,lingual ,palatine and labial gland ) into the oral cavity and oropharynx in cattle the mandibular gland ,unlike that of other domestic animals , the mandibular salivary gland is larger than the parotid ,distinctly lobulated and lies in the curve along the medial side of the angle of the mandible and which divides into superficial and deep loop, is easily palpate in the inter mandibular space, the duct open in the sublingual caruncle , the parotid gland has been described having (5) processes ( three superficial and two deep ) ,sublingual gland this is smallest of the major salivary gland , sometimes consists of two parts (compact and diffuse ) it is the almond shaped gland lies deep to the floor of mouth ,un like the parotid and mandibular gland the sublingual gland has no true facial capsule also it has a single duct.Un like the major salivary gland, the minor salivary gland lack a branching network of draining ducts , buccal glands are well developed and arranged in three groups (dorsal, middle and ventral )in cattle , the lingual gland are small lobules under the mucosa and embedded in the musculature, the caudal third of the hard palate is not ridged and bears numerous orifice of the palatine gland ,the labial glands a compact mass near the angle of the mouth , the most commonly occurred radiological findings using surface landmarks parotid duct lies mid way between the facial tubercle and corner of the mouth ,the ducts of the mandibular and compact (monostomatic) sublingual glands open on the floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle, they run below the mucous membrane that connects the side of the tongue with the gums.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) a disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, lipoprotein abnormalities and oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effect of vitamin C and Zinc on some biochemical parameter when induced diabetic in rabbits by alloxan. Male rabbits groups divided into four groups: Group I (Negative control) received normal saline orally, alloxan diabetic rabbits : Group II (Positive control) received normal saline orally , while Group III were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C and group IV were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight Zinc for 15 days. The results showed that vitamin C administration and zinc significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST concentration, while there were significant changes (p< 0.05) was observed on the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/ globulin ratio in diabetic group treated with vitamin C, Zinc respectively.

Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) was detected in 132(70 Iranian,32 Turkish and 30 local breed)calves (10-14 months old) and 18 dairy cows of local breed (3-5 years old). Animals were brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul –Iraq from different farms of Mosul city-Iraq, with clinical signs of fever(40-41C0),anorexia ,emaciation, decrease of milk yield in dairy cows ,paleness of mucous membrane, lymph node enlargement and ticks were detected on different body regions .All blood and buffy coat smears of calves were positive for morula like structures inside the cytoplasm of neutrophils , lymphocytes and monocytes when staining by Giemsa and Wright stains. For all animals , the appearance of Ehrlichia spp. Organisms in leukocytes coincided with erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. For eighteen dairy cows, Ehrlichia spp. organisms were identified in leukocytes of blood and milk samples. This is apparently the first evidence for Ehrlichia spp. infection in cattle in Iraq. In conclusion, the present study documents that Ehrlichia infection exists in Mosul-Iraq and indicates that the bacterium has been present but unnoticed in the area .Further investigation will be needed in order to characterize different species of Ehrlichia infection in cattle, and explain the role of vector and imported animals in introduction of the disease to our country

Bovine trichomoniasis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by the protozoan Trichomonas fetus . The study based on collection and diagnosis 200 samples of preputial wash from bulls that send to the Al-Tuaisa slaughter house in Basrah private by made a slide smear stained with Gemza stain . The study starts at 2011 and extend to 2012 . The result shows that the percentage of infection in bulls that slaughtered in a slaughter house of Basrah private was 2% .

The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological lesions in the
liver,kidney and lung sections in rats with sepsis that experimentally induced by cecal
ligation and puncture CLP procedure to induce intra-abdominal infection. It was found
that CLP models leads to higher mortality rate comparisons to sham-operated and un–
operated animals. Also there were severe lesions in the liver , kidney and lung of rats
with sepsis , characterized by severe massive necrosis in hepatic cells , while the
histopathological changes in kidney of CLP rats revealed severe glomerulonehritis with
infiltration of inflammatory cells , in lung , severe interstitial and bronchial pneumonia ,
with presence of severe thickening of blood vessel wall with thrombi . In conclusion, the
results of this study have demonstrated that CLP induces high mortality rate , an acute
systemic septic state with multiple organ dysfunction especially the Liver , kidney and
Lung based on histopathological observations . These features were not observed in sham
- operated or un-operated rats .

This study to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) at a rate of 2.5 and 5 ppm on liver histopathological appearance of local quails.sixty quail chicks at one day old randomly divided into two pen replicates of ten chicks each were assigned to each of three dietary treatments. 1) basal diet containing no AF/kg diet (control); 2) basal diet supplemented with 2.5 ppm diet and 3) basal diet supplemented with 5 ppm diet. The chicks were individually weighed on a weekly basis, feed consumption and body weight gain were recorded weekly. The trial period was 5 weeks and quails were maintained on 24-h continuous light schedule and ad libitum access to diets and water. Feeding Aflatoxin to quails included liver fatty changes, necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and aggregation of lymphocyte . The intensity of these changes were increased with increasing AF level in the diet. The results indicated that local quails are sensitive to AF

The present study was carridaed of normal skin of local dogs canins lupus familiaris age of animals was ( 8 -24 mounths). The range and distribution of collagen fibers was studed. The results showed that the posterior limbs recorded the highest values for distribution and thickness compare with abdomen region. Also the results confirmed that the orientations of collagen fibers were variations between the regions because of stress factors.

Effect of age and sex were measured during and before sexual maturation of
golden local quail males and females. Maels erythrocytes count showed higher value
compared with that of adult females . Haemoglobin and haematocrit of adult males
were significantly higher than those of adult females. However total leukocyte count
and H/L ratio of the adult female were higher than those of males. Body weight of
both sexes increased with age. As well as many of the haematological parameters
differed significantly (P<0.05) in accordance to the age and sex .

In this study extracts of Piper cubeba fruit were prepared using mechanical method. These extracts include alcoholic, acetonic, chloroformic and water extract. The chemical composition of each extracts were analyzed also. After that the antibacterial activity of these extracts were tested against gram negative (G-) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive (G+) Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts show antibacterial activity on these bacteria, but ethanol and acetone extracts were show the best antibacterial activity S. aureus, followed by chloroform extract and then water extract, on the other hand water extract showed inhibition activity against E.coli and P. aeruginosae followed by ethanol, acetone and chloroform extract. MIC was determined for each extracts against the three pathogenic bacterial strain.

The results of this study showed that the liver of coot bird fulica atra is closely
resample to the liver of fowl that it lies in the ventral part of the body cavity and seems
red-brown in color and divided into two lobes, right and left . Histologically the liver of
coot bird enclosed by thin capsule of connective tissue that continue to subdivided the
liver into lobules . The hepatocyte which arranged radially around the central vein as
hepatocord in two cells thickness . These cells are polygonal in shape and have rounded
nucleus and there is present of sinusoids between hepatocords which lined by flattened
endothelial cells .

Conducted an experimental study on the possibility of a calf infection by
Giardia parasite isolated from human. Six calves were selected from the field of the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Basrah and were divided into two
groups, the first was a control group consisting of 2 calves (n=2) , and the second
was group that infected and composed of four calves (n=4) .
After the experiment done the percentage of infection was 100%. This study
determined the amount of the dose that can cause infection to the calves and are (7-
21) cysts which were approach to those causing infection to human. The study also
identified the incubation period for the giardiasis disease in calves, which were (7-10)
days. This study is the first one in the Basrah and Iraq.

Fourty fresh water grass carp fish weighing about (35.75 ± 0.60) g were
obtained from fish aquaria by, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq.
First the. Fish were individually examined for external necrosis and infections.
Healthy and see it very active in the study. The physiochemical characteristics of
water used for acclimation in control and polluted water that were used for the fish of
experiment were daily recorded.
The results of the present study show that the blood parameters ( RBC and
WBC counts and Hb content) for fresh water grass carp fish were greater than those
values of polluted water grass carp fish and also show increased number of dead fish
among polluted grass carp, in reverse of fresh water ones. Physicochemical
characteristics of water did not affect the result

Thirty local female rabbits were divided randomly and equally into three groups. The 1st
group used as control which injected with phosphate buffer salin. The 2nd group was injected
daily with leptin (5μg/animal) S/c. The 3rd group was injected subcutaneously daily with
(10μg/animal) S/c. All groups were treated for 60 days, and blood samples were collected every
15 days, serum was tested for T3, T4 hormones, total Cholesterol (TC), HDL (height density
lipo-protein) , LDL (low density lipo- protein), TG (triglycerides) and Body weight was taken
every 15 days during the experiment .
The result show significant (P≤0.05) decreased in body weight after administration of
leptin in two doses. Significant increased in Thyroid hormone after leptin administration. While
lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, HDL,VLDL) show significant decreased with leptin treatment(5 and
10μg/animal) S/c.

The present study amid to characterized the potential toxic effects of bismuth
chloride through oral administration on blood and biochiemical parameters of
laboratory rats.Solutions of bismuth chloride were chronically feed by stomach tube
to rats in(2.5mg/kg and 5 mg/kg).Animals were anesthetized after two months and
blood samples were obtained,blood and biochemical parameters were appreciated
between control and experimental Groups.The investigation of blood parameters
included red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration,packed cell volume
PCV and total white blood cell count(WBC)biochemical parameters included total
serum cholesterol(TSCH),alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate
aminotransferase(AST).The results showed significant decrease (p≤0.05) of R.B.C
count ,Hb concentrations PCV value and total W.B.C count in contrast ,there was
significant increase(p≤0.05) of the total serum cholesterol(,ALTand AST) activities.

The lethal concentration of N-ZnO was determined in this study ,juvenile Cyprinus carpio L.mean weight 150±10g which were exposed to different concentration of N-ZnO (10-50 PPM) for 24 hrs ,the mortality rate of fish reached to 100% at 50 ppm concentration while the percentage decreased to 50% when the fish exposure to 30ppm concentration of N-ZnO.The histopathological lesions in the kidney were characterized by hemorrhage in an interstitial nephrotic tissue ,infiltration of inflammatory cells , there was cloudy swelling in the renal tubules . In the gill there were hyper trophy of pillar cells and necrosis in the secondary gill filaments .There were necrosis in the hepatic tissue and hemorrhage and sloughing in the pancreatic tissue.

In this study S. canis and 12 various species and serogroups of streptococci including: S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G), S. uberis, S. parauberis, S. phocae, S. suis, S. equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes were used and identified reliably by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of 1.43 kb of 16S ribosomal RNA gene using universal oligonuclotide primers and subsequent digestion with the restriction endonucleases including RsaI, MspI and AvaII. The PCR-RFLP results showed that RsaI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis appeared different with all streptococci species baring the S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus. The MspI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be differentiated from S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroups C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroups G), S. phocae, S. suis, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes. The AvaII restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be distinguished from S. dygalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dygalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) S. parauberis, S. phocae and S. suis. In conclusion, PCR-RFLP method using restriction endonucleases RsaI, MspI and AvaII could be useful method for identification of S. canis from S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) and other related streptococci species. It can be concluded that RFLP method might help to determine the prevalence of S. canis in animal and human infections .

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ginger (zingiber officinale) in preventing oxidative stress ,lipid peroxidation and changes in trace elements induced by cadmium toxicity in male rabbits .
For this purpose twenty four of adult male rabbits were divided randomly in to four groups ( 6 in each). Group 1 was given distilled water and considered as control group, group 2 received ( 10mg/kg B.w) of cadmium chloride , group 3 received ( 100mg/ kg B.w) of ginger extract plus (10mg/kg B.w) of cadmium chloride , group 4 received (200mg/ kg B.w) of ginger extract plus of cadmium chloride(10mg/kg B.w) . All treatments were orally given a single dose for 35 days. The water and food were provided add libitum.
After the end of the treatment blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis to estimate serum Malondialdehyde ( MDA) , Antioxidant activity (Glutathione , Superoxide dismutase and Catalase ) and Trace elements (Zinc, Copper and Iron ) .
The result showed that the administration of cadmium chloride resulted in a
high concentration of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and caused a significant decrease in
both superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione. Serum levels of
trace elements were also significantly decreased. While , ginger extract
administration and cadmium chloride increased and restored their levels to near
normal in comparing with cadmium chloride treated rabbits.

Forty adult male Bulb/c mice weighing between 25-30 GM reared in wire cages were
randomly divided into four groups (10 mice each group). Group (G1) received the regular mice diet
and (1 ml/kg Saline p.o.) for 8 days maintained as a control group. Group (G2) treated daily intra
peritoneal (i.p) injection of gentamicin (40m g/kg bwt /day) for 8 days. In group (G3) received
Gum Arabic (GA) (10 gm /kg bwt /day) for 8 days orally by using stomach tube. Group (G4) is
received gentamicin (40 mg/ kg bwt /day) (i.p) plus (10gm /kg bwt / day) orally of Gum Arabic for 8
days. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting 12-24 hours for determination some
biochemical marker including AST, ALT and ALP activities, creatinin, uric acid , urea and total
bilirubin in serum . Assay the total protein, Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, ribonucleic acid RNA in
liver tissue of mice.
The results revealed that treatment with gentamicin (G2) increased in AST, ALT and ALP activities
in serum, creatinine, uric acid, urea and total bilirubin value in serum also there are elevation
the level of DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue when a compared with the control group
(G1).Treatment of GA along with gentamicin (G4) and administration of GA alone (G3) decreased in
the level of serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum urea and serum total bilirubin , the level of
DNA, RNA and total protein in liver tissue also decrease, as compared to the gentamicin treated
group (G2) but not reach in both groups(G3,G4) to normal level as in control group.
In conclusion Gum Arabic exhibit hepatoprotective activities probably through free radical
scavenging properties. Altered level of hepatic markers such as AST, ALT, and ALP with gentamicin
exposure was reversed towards normalization with Gum Arabic. Similarly, biochemical parameters were
also restored by Gum Arabic. Bioactive of Gum Arabic ameliorated the oxidative damage and had
increased the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver.

The developmental study of adrenal gland has been done on the local rabbit fetuses and neonate, which including a morphological and histological description of the adrenal gland. The study revealed that the differentiation of the adrenal gland began in the rabbit between twenty two and twenty four days from pregnancy as adrenal cortex and medulla and relatively completed it is histologically pictures at twelve days old. Also the study showedthat the adrenal cortex composed of three zones: zonaglomerulosa or the zonaarcuata , the zona fasciculate and the zonareticularisglomerulus, whilethe medulla have dark and light cells.The purpose of our study was to provide a more complete quantitive description of the histomorphology of the adrenal gland in rabbits during prenatal and postnatalperiods.

A substantial advance in our understanding on the estrogen signaling occurred in the last decade. Estrogens interact with two receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, also known as ERα and ERβ, respectively. ESR1 and ESR2 belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. 24 male mice divided into four groups as following : negative control, low dose group, intermediate dose group and high dose group, the groups of treatment were injected with estrogen at different doses while the negative control group were injected with normal saline (by method of intramuscular injection for all groups) and after 6 weeks all animals had been killed and the prostate was picked up and sectioned to reveal the histopathological changes. the study found that the injection of exogenous estrogen result in marked hyperplasia of the prostatic tissue and the hyperplasia increased significantly with elevation of the estrogen dose. In conclusion injection of exogenous estrogen lead to prostate hyperplasia through its action on the estrogen receptors which present in both stromal and epithelial component of the prostate

In present study, 40 adult male mice were used and divided into 5 equal groups of
8 mice each. The first group was the control group, in which the mice were fed with
standard ration along the period of experiment; the second and third groups were fed
on fats free ration for 14 days while the fourth and fifth groups were fed on
Omega3+Vitamin E supplemented ration for 14 days too. The test organisms were
suspended in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 10-folds serial dilutions were done
for (CFU) count. Then, the animals of the second and fourth groups were injected
intramuscularly with 22×105 (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, while the
animals of the third and fifth groups were injected intramuscularly with 18×106 (CFU)
of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. After 24 hours all mice of the third group and 3
mice of the fifth group died; their thigh muscles, livers, lungs, spleens and stomachs
were taken, weighed and homogenized with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to count
the (CFU) in these organs. 2 days later, the remainder 5 mice of the fifth group were
euthanized and the previous processes were done. For the second and fourth groups,
after 48 hours of the bacterial injection all mice of the second group and 4 mice of the
fourth group died, the previous processes were done for the bacterial count. 2 days
later the remainder 4 mice of the fourth group were euthanized for the bacterial count
purpose. The results revealed that the use of Omega3+Vitamin E as a supplements to
ration increased the survival of mice and the organs bacterial count of the
Omega3+Vitamin E fed mice decreased significantly as compared to those of the fats
free fed animals at (P≤0.05).

A trail was conducted to determine utilization of diet containing poultry excreta with different sources of nitrogen by cattle or buffalo rumen microorganisms in vitro. The aim was to find alternative sources of protein and low prices ruminant diets. Commercial broiler house excreta were used as 10% of a ration. Supplemented diets were basal diet with 10% poultry excreta alone or either with 3 g/kg yeast or 1.5 g urea/kg feed or both as well as 2% molasses. The basal diet comprised 40% concentrates and 60% wheat straw on dry matter (DM) basis as a control diet. All diets were inoculated with rumen fluid of cattle or buffalo. Digestibility of DM was not significantly influenced by both species and diets. However, organic matter (OM) digestion varied significantly with different diets, the highest value was obtained by yeast, urea, poultry excreta and molasses group (64.70%). Species and diets showed significant differences in neutral digested fiber (NDF) digestion. The highest values were obtained by buffalo and the yeast, urea, poultry excreta and molasses group (65.09%). Ammonia production was significantly increased by adding urea to the diet (12.64 and 13.79). Total volatile fatty acid and acetic acid % were produced significantly higher by cattle and the group of poultry excreta only. A buffalo rumen fluid produced higher propionic acid% and less acetic: propionic percent than cattle. The total number of microorganisms influenced significantly by diet only, as yeast, urea, poultry excreta and molasses group obtained the highest number.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative activity of
autotransplantation of superficial flexor digital tendon and bone marrow
on the repair of sciatic nerve in dogs. Eight adult dogs from both sexes
were used. The age ranges from 1-2 years and weight from 10-15 kgs.
The animals were divided into two groups control and treatment group
each group consists of four animals. Each animal in the first group was
anesthetized with mixture of xylazine and ketamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg
and 10 mg/kg of body weight I.M, respectively. The skin of the lateral
surface of the thigh region was incised, fascia and muscle group were
separated using blunt dissection, the left sciatic nerve was harvested and a
10 mm piece was transected. A segment longer than 10 mm of superficial
flexor digital tendon was harvested and autografted using 5/0 nylon. In
the second group animals underwent the same manner of first group as
well as bone marrow applied at operative site. 60 days post operatively
results exhibited improvement in activity of affected limb in treated
animals with graft and bone marrow. Histologically there was an
improvement at site of graft represented by formation of granulation
tissue in both groups. In conclusion the local application of bone marrow on the site of tendon graft led to enhance the regeneration of sciatic nerve
resulting in functional improvement of the affected limb