Regional Studies Journal

We cannot consider the Kurdish secession from Iraq and establishing their own state as an easy matter, there is no state that would accept such a thing so easily. On the other side there is the party that knows well that his mission cannot be done so easily, so he has to do his best to achieve such a goal. In fact, there are pushing and pulling factors considering Kurdish secession, and sometimes one factor could be a double- edged sword, starting from the international situation to international laws and international support reaching to the domestic factors like the political and economic situation in KGR, the Peshmerga, the KGR relation with the central government of Baghdad and the weakness of the Iraqi state. Secession would undermine the state of Iraq and effects its stability, so the Iraqi government should handle the matter carefully by strengthening the pulling factors at the same time of curing the factors that push the Kurds towards secession.

The American policy towards Somalia is considered one of the most important areas of research at the level of the Horn of Africa, due to the strategic importance of Somalia and the security developments that Somalia has suffered since the collapse of the Somali state in 1991. The forefront of American interest is that many terrorists have resorted to Somalia. Indeed, terrorism is spreading from inside Somalia to outside its territory, which contributed to the instability of Somalia, which was clearly reflected in the instability of the Horn of Africa region. It must be emphasized that the US policy has many goals. Which it seeks to achieve in Somalia, which are political, economic, security and humanitarian goals, and adopted for this purpose a set of means to achieve them, which in turn varied in the diversity of these goals.

The Caesar Act for the Protection of Syrian Civilians, which came into effect on June 17, 2020, is part of a series of sanctions imposed by the United States of America on the Syrian regime. In the midst of this research, we tried to address the most important provisions of this law that the Syrian regime must adhere to in order to raise The Them also included a study and analysis of these penalties and their legitimacy in light of the jurisprudential opinions and The position of the United Nations on the legality of the Caesar Act and the legality of unilateral coercive sanctions in general. The impact of these sanctions on the rights of the Syrian people was also reviewed. During which the relief from this law.

The rules of international humanitarian law in all international armed conflicts stressed on the need to establish an international mechanism that takes care of the interests of the parties of conflict and the protection of civilians and military citizens of parties of conflict during the period of armed conflict, which was called the system of Protecting State to enable the parties of conflict to continue the dialogue. The Protecting State is a neutral country or another country that is not a party of conflict concerned by one of the parties of conflict, and the opponent accepts it and agrees to perform the tasks assigned to the Protecting State which is to protect the interests of the parties of conflict and their nationals located in the enemy's territory. The Protecting State has wide-ranging tasks in the implementation of the provisions of international humanitarian law under the Four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and its first additional protocol annexed to it in 1977, whereby the Protecting State is mandated to take care of the interests of the parties of conflict, especially those of prisoners of war and civilians. Therefore, the Protecting State contributes to the direct application of the rules of International Humanitarian Law and supervises the extent of commitment of the parties of conflict to the application of the rules of International Humanitarian Law.

The internal strategic environment is the main factor in which determining the extent or decline of the intervention in the strategic performance of the state. The effective influence cannot be achieved without a group of capabilities that qualify the state to perform external strategic performance that achieves its objectives. The research tries to explore the impact of Turkey's internal strategic environment in activating its security orientations towards countries in the near abroad. The problem of the study stems from the neglect of the interconnection between the influence of the growing components of power in the Turkish strategic environment and the increase of its strategic performance in the countries of the near abroad. From here, the hypothesis stems from that the internal strategic environment of Turkey has been playing a major role and an important starting point in determining the extent of activation or retreat of the Turkish strategic security performance. Therefore, the Turkish internal strategic environment change has represented one of the main pillars that led Turkey to activate its security orientations in the near abroad. As the work to increasing the elements of power in the internal strategic environment and the vision on which it was based by the Turkish leadership, as well as the vacuum that formed after a series of facts and events, especially after the political change in the Arab world, contributed to the increase of its external security role.

This study is basic inter look about Hezbollah in Lebanon. Hezbollah beginning use the power in struggle out national border, and its role will have released since the withdrawal Israel from south Lebanon in year 2000, that party was able to turn its role from local project to international project.
It is one of the Islamic parties active in the Arab region, and play a clear role through the issues that have appeared on the Arab and regional areas. The importance of research comes to focus on the most important challenges facing it. Which is a necessary issue. Some studies focused on the organizational and functional aspect of the party. This search is divided into two sections, the first sections talks about the origin and birth the party, and the role it in world, while the second section talked about the challenges that party suffered from it after war of July in 2006.
The research come out with asset of results that the party was able to maintain its images as a religious party and he maintain his most important priority which is resistance.

In this research، we try to clarify the reasons for the disagreement between the two countries concerned with regard to the region of Kashmir، with the arguments put forward by each country regarding its eligibility to annex Kashmir to it، in addition to the strategic importance enjoyed by the region and both countries، and the history of the emergence of this conflict and the implications of the solutions provided to it، leading to the future of the conflict. ، By following the sober scientific curricula، the most important of which are the historical and analytical method، leading to the forward-looking approach to studying the future image.