Regional Studies Journal

Comoros, now known as the Union of Comoros, is an African country in the Indian Ocean, east of Africa. The research aims to shed light on the political changes that have occurred in this country after its independence from France in 1975, it has undergone many political disturbances, such as the 20 coup d'état, as well as the continued French control of the island of Mayotte which is one of the most important Comoros, coincided with the deterioration of the economic situation of the country, which was reflected on the political situation through unsuccessful attempts to secession in the islands of Anjouan and Mwali. As a member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the Organization had a clear stance towards all the previous developments; the Organization has been working to preserve the independence and unity of Comoros; support it economically to maintain its political stability.

The research aims to study Russian-American relations during the period 1991-2001 historically and to analyze the nature of the factors affecting them after the end of the Cold War, as bilateral relations between the two countries entered a new stage of development after the Russian President Boris Yeltsin assumed the presidency. One of its most prominent features was cooperation and the partnership with the United States of America, as he directed the country's economy towards the West, bringing about fundamental changes in the philosophy and system of government, including his reform efforts, and fundamental changes in the structure of the Russian economy, through which he wanted to address economic failure in a way known as (shock therapy), so he enacted several laws that require the liberalization of the market economy, but his efforts to save the country’s economy eventually led to the deterioration of Russia's internal conditions in all their fundamental aspects.

The paper, entitled "The U.S.A Missile Shield and its influence on US-Russian Relations", explain one of the most important strategies that the United States has depend on to secure its interests and facing the challenges and threats it poses which is deterrence through the use of missile shields. The research seeks to clarify the beginnings of the emergence of this strategy and then its development and growth. It also attempts to study and analyze the Bush administration's foreign policy in terms of its focus on the missile shield project ; its quest to develop and expand it following the strategy of hegemony, and the impact on relations with Moscow.

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between commercial openness and economic growth in Turkey during the period 1980 - 2019 by using the (ARDL) model to achieve that based on the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship effect of the variable of commercial openness in the economic growth of Turkey during the mentioned period. The research adopts the descriptive approach coupled with the standard quantitative approach to reach its goal and achieve its hypothesis.
The latest standard methods and tests have been used, as stability test was used in addition to using the common integration approach and its tests as well as the use of the causal test between model variables and then estimating the (ARDL) model which gives the best estimates among the alternative models.
The research concluded to extract a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which is to demonstrate a positive moral impact relationship for the variable of commercial openness in the economic growth for Turkey during the period of the research, recommending that growth and its sources be strengthened, including commercial openness and benefiting from its advantages by diversifying and expanding the industrial base by supporting industries with added values and export industries to achieve a trade surplus and revive regional trade and its trade balance.

The phenomenon of abstention from voting in elections is inherent in the political systems according to democracy and freedom that they adopt. The electoral systems which are used affect the extent and size of the phenomenon of "abstaining from voting" in which the motives and causes are varied including economic, social, cultural, and political aspects. The role of the state it can play in reducing or increasing this phenomenon cannot be ignored, the relation of the phenomenon to democracy, and the extent to which legitimacy is given to the ruling regime. 2018 is the year of the Arab elections, which witnessed the largest number of municipal, parliamentary and presidential elections, in a "third" of the Arab countries. Despite the large number, but the level of public participation continued to decline gradually, while there has not improved in the Arab citizen life, politically, economically, or socially, since the outbreak of the Arab revolutions in 2011. Iraq is a part of this phenomenon, as there was a great abstention from participating in the Iraqi parliamentary elections in 2018, in light of the desire of the ruling political parties to continue, not to build the power of stable state institutions, rather, to build the power of parties.

Throughout its history, Russia's vital field has been a concern because of the penetration possibility for this field by the enemies which may undermine the Russian nation. For the first time, the anti-Russian Western powers managed to tamper with this barrier, which threatened Russian national security clearly. Therefore, the Russian response to that was a show of Russian strength in Georgia and then in Crimea to remind Westerners that Russian power is still enormous and there is no room for western adventures in Russian territory or its vital field.

The research intends to shed light on the changes and developments taking place in the liberal economic theory after the global economic crises. The occurrence of these economic crises, especially financial ones, often requires a reconsideration of the intellectual and theoretical basis to find solutions and treatments for getting out of these crises. The global financial crisis (2007-2008) is one of the most prominent financial crises that caused a change in the liberal economic theory, especially in the United States of America. Perhaps, the most prominent change is the call for increased government intervention in the economy and a return to the Keynesian theory that supports the government's role in managing the economy and the market.