Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

This experiment was conducted in poultry field of Department of Animal Production in College of Agriculture - Diyala University during the period from 12/27/2015 to 21/02/2016 by using 120 of the Japanese quail females aged 20 weeks, randomly distributed evenly over the four treatments each of which contained 30 birds and by three replicates per treatment (10 females/replicate). The birds was feed in duration of the experiment amounting to eight weeks on one of diets and treatments were as follows: T1 (diet free from added), T2 (diet add a 0.3% powder plant turmeric) T3 (diet add a 0.6% powder plant turmeric) T4 (diet add 0.9% powder plant turmeric) for a period lasted from the age of 2027 weeks (8 weeks), and studied the qualities of productivity and some of qualities of eggs. The results showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in daily feed intake of the birds at treatments T3 and T4 compared to T1 during the first period of the experiment, but during the second period of the experiment has significantly (P<0.05) at T3 in egg production, egg mass and producing cumulative eggs on two treatments T1 and T4, as happened significantly (P <0.05) in feed conversion factor with all the added treatments compared to T1 and significantly decrease (P<0.05) in daily feed consumption with all the added treatments compared to T1. At the end of experiment which reached 8 weeks has significantly (P <0.05) in egg production, egg mass at treatments T2, T3 on the rest of the treatments, as happened significantly (P <0.05) in feed conversion factor with all the added treatments compared to T1and significantly decrease (P<0.05) in daily feed consumption for treatments T3 and T4 compared to T1. It has got excelled significantly (P<0.05) in the shell weight, percentage of shell weight to egg weight in treatment T4 and significant decrease (P<0.05) in character of the high albumen of the treatment T4. We conclude from this study that the addition of turmeric powder to the diets of quail at the age of 20-27 weeks has led to improvement in productivity and some qualitative traits of quail eggs.

Silver carp fish was dried using microwave at the different levels (100, 300 and 500) watt. The dried fishes were preserved in polyethylene bags after removal of air using vacuum and stored at LAB temperature. Analytical tests and microbial content was carried out for these samples at the durations of storage (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60) days. The results were obtained as follows:- All levels of microwaves power showed decreased in moisture content with progress of the drying time. The chemical composition for treatment showed decrease in moisture and increase in percentage of protein, lipid and ash after drying of fish. The moisture content was increased during the durations of storage (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60) days, accompanied by a decline in each of the percentage of protein and fat at the same storage durations. The results showed increasing in TBA and FFA during duration of storage compared to fresh fish. Dried fish was showed decline in the total microbial content after the drying to reach zero, then it was increased gradually to reaching maximum number at the end of storage period compared to fresh fish. While coliform bacteria and fungi were absent in dried fish for all durations of storage. Lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria found after (45 and 30) days from duration of storage respectively, to reach its maximum limit at the end of storage period 60 days.

Alpha-amylase inhibitors were extracted from some maize varieties including Veto, Monarg Rohnaldinia, Daredh and May-70, using 0.2 M buffer solution of sodium acetate, pH 6. Inhibition of all maize cultivars towards human saliva amylase was determined by the method used. The results showed that inhibition percentages varied by different species. Rohnaldinio variety was characterized by amylase inhibition ratio of 40.26% compared to the Monarg and Veto of 23.60% and 16.47%, respectively. May-70 and Daredh showed little efficacy towards amylase. The optimal ratio for alphaamylase inhibitors extraction from maize varieties, and at different proportions including 2.5: 1, 5: 1 and 10: 1 (weight: volume), showed that the specific efficacy was the greatest when extracting the inhibitor from Rohnaldinio variety by using 1:5 (w: v) mixing proportion. The specific efficacy was 6.32 unit mg-1 protein, compared to the other varieties. Determination the optimal extraction time for alpha-amylase inhibitors from maize varieties at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 hours extraction time showed that the specific efficacy was the highest when the inhibitor was extracted from Rohnaldinio variety in 1.5 hour. It was 5.66 unit mg-1 protein compared to the rest of the varieties. The results also showed a pH effect on the interaction of the inhibitor with amylase saliva. The optimal pH for bindings the inhibitor from Rohnaldinia variety with amylase saliva was 6, whereas 7, 5, 8 and 6 for inhibitors from Monarg, Veto, Daredh and May-70, respectively. The optimum temperature for inhibitor activity was examined between 30 – 80 ˚C. A significant increase in the effectiveness of inhibition was shown with increasing temperature from 60 to 80 ˚C. Inhibition at 80 ˚C was 40.66% when the inhibitor from Rohnaldinia linked with amylase saliva.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary Marjoram (Origanum vulgarae) powder supplementation in dress percentages and characteristics for carcass broiler reared for 42 days. 450 one old day Chicks of Ross 308 were divided randomly into five treatments (90 chicks per treatment) with three replicates (30 Chicks per replicate). Chicks were fed on starter and finisher rations with 23 and 20 % crude protein with energy 3027 and 3195.3 Kcal kg-1 respectively, in addition to the five levels of Marjoram powder 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg per ton diet as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Results showed there was significant priority (P<0.05) in thigh weight for T4, cold and hot carcass weight for T4 and T5 as well as thigh meat yield and dress percentages for T3 and T4 were observed as compared with T1. In conclusion supplementation of Marjoram (Origanum vulgarae) powder to broiler diet led to pronounced in dress percentage and numeral of carcass characteristics.

The inhibitory effect of alcoholic leaves extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was studied for some types of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from wound infection. The study included collection of 42 outpatient samples of patients with wound infection. After implantation of samples on the selective and differential media, the percentage of positive samples were 73.8%, while the negative samples were 26.2%. After identification by using biochemical tests, showed that pollution rate caused by bacteria Pr. mirabilis, Klebsiella spp, E. Coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp were 8.7, 13, 26.1, 26.1 and 26.1 respectively. Mean diameter of inhibition zones for Cefotaxime, Ceftazimidis, Erythromycin, Nalidix acid, Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Ampicillin were (0,0,1.7,4,7,5), (0,03,6,1.7,0 ), (0,1.5 ,0,0,0,6 ), (0,0,0,0,1,0) and (0,1.7 ,0,0,10,0) mm in Enterobacter Spp., Klebsiella Spp., E. Coli, Pr. mirabilis, Ps. aeruginosa respectively. The inhibitory efficacy of alcoholic extract of eucalyptus leaves, at a concentration of 200 mg ml -1, was measured on Muller Hinton agar medium by using well diffusion method towards the identified bacterial species. Result showed that mean inhibition diameter were 4.3, 7.3, 8, 9 and 10.7 mm for E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacterspp and Pr. mirabilis respectively.

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study compatibility and integration bacterial bio pesticide (Dipel) and neem formulation (Fytomax) in control the tomato moth Tuta absoluta on three varieties of tomatoes (Tamara, Shahera and Dania) under the plastic house conditions. Laboratory results showed that Fytomax at the half field rate (Fr - 50%) was more compatible with Dipel, which achieved the lowest reduction percentage in the number of colonies of bacteria B. thuringiensis var kurstak amounted to 6.3% compared with the reduction percentage to 15.36% at field rate (Fr), while the higher concentration (Fr + 50%) inhibited the growth of bacteria, reduction percentage was 65.35%. Field results showed the integration of Dipel and Fytomax and Dania tomato variety in control the larvae of a tomato moth Tuta absoluta, the combination treatment (Fytomax + Dipel) at half-field rate (Fr- 50%) on Dania tomato variety was superiority with highest mortality percentage of larvae was 80.32%, while the lowest mortality percentages were at two treatments Fytomax and Dipel were 29.16 and 29.52% respectively. Results showed that mortality percentages increased with the passage of time as a combination (Fytomax + Dipel) achieved highest mortality percentages of larvae at half-field rate( Fr - 50% ) were 38.77, 87.51 and 91.43 after 1, 3 and 7 days from treating respectively.

The experiment was conducted during season 2015/2016 at AL-qurna , north of Basrah. The aim was to study the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid and chelated iron on some vegetative growth, flowering and yield of two eggplant hybrids .The study included ten factorial treatments and interaction with two hybrid eggplant cultivar, "Barcelona" and" Marshall" and five treatments; Ascorbic acid at (60 and 120) mg l-1 and Chelated iron at (300 and 600) mg l-1. Randomized complete Block Design was used with three replicates. Results was tested at probability of 5%. Result showed the hybrid Barcelona had significantly on vegetative growth, flowering and yield and its components. Result showed that were a superior effect for foliar application of ascorbic acid at 60 mg l-1 increasing of plant height, leaves number plant-1, percentage of fruits set, weight of fruit, percentage of carbohydrate of fruit and total plant yield per unit area (98.25 cm, 73.12 leaves, 77.87%, 16.51fruits, 256 g, 50.80 mg g-1 and 4.226 kg) respectively. While chelated iron spraying at 600 mg l-1 was significant increase in number of flower, percentage of protein in fruit, dry material percentage and ascorbic acid per unit area 22.99,15.13%, 12.24% and 7.01 mg 100g-1, respectively. Foliar application of Ascorbic acid at 120 mg l-1 decreased phenol percentage in fruits. The interaction between the two factors caused significant effect in all studied parameters.

An experiment was done by design Complete Randomized sectors RCBD experiment carried out in the Dept. of Horticulture- Faculty of Agric., University of Diyala during Spring season 2015, to study the impact of global shading and spraying of Salicylic acid on some recipes vegetative growth of tomato crop. It included three shading levels (without shading 0% , 35% and 65%) and four concentrations of Salicylic acid (0 , 75, 150, 225 mg gm-1) splashed on the first two installments after month and the second two months after planting seedlings to study plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, and the percentage of dry matter. The differences between the averages was tested by a polynomial Duncan at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that increasing shading treatment at level 65% caused a significant increase in plant height, while this treatment led to obtain a significant decrease in the average number of leaves and the average stem diameter per plant compared to shading 35% and 0%, while the treatment of shading level 35% caused moral superiority in leaf area and the percentage of dry matter. While spraying of Salicylic acid resulted a superiority of moral qualities of the plant and leaf area, the length and number of leaves and the percentage of dry matter in leaves. Treatments did not differ in the stem diameter. While there were significant differences between some overlap interactions in all traits.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2013-2014 in Silty loam texture soil to study the influence of water stress and spraying with liquid paraffin on seeds yield and Trigonelline concentration. Main plots concluded stopped irrigation after 122 and 157 days from sowing, the third treatment represented continuing irrigation until the end of the season, and foliar spray with 0 and 0.5% liquid paraffin as sub plot. The results showed that full irrigation gave significant increase in seeds yield kg ha-1 and concentration of Trigonelline mg kg-1 (2167.3 and 1.043) respectively, whereas the foliar spraying of liquid paraffin (0.5%) gave significant increase of seed yield kg ha-1 (1757.61). The interaction between full irrigation and foliar spraying of (liquid paraffin 0.5%) had significant effects on seed yields and concentration of Trigonelline were 2282.3 kg h-1 and 1.141 mg kg-1 respectively

This study was conducted to know some aspects of physical, chemical and anatomical that associated with salt and water stress conditions for seedlings of the date palm resulting from planting the seeds of date palm CV. Hillawi, which treated with some treatments of salinity (sodium chloride) and irrigation. The results showed that a difference of the treatments was significant for all characteristics, salinity concentration (6000 mg l-1) significantly decreased all of those characteristics that recorded the lowest rates, while treatment (0) mg l-1 gave higher rates for the same characteristics. Treatment of daily irrigation gave highest of those characteristics. The interaction between salinity and irrigation treatments (6000 mg l-1 and monthly irrigation) gave a lower rates of all characteristics; seedling diameter has reached 7.66 mm, leaf width 18.29 mm, wet weight of the leaves 5.19 g, dry weight of the leaves 2.52 g, wet weight of roots 3.51 g, dry weight of roots 1.23 g, the total chlorophyll content of the leaves 2.16 mg 100 g-1, nitrogen 4.74 g kg-1, carbohydrates 30.29 mg100g-1, the highest rate of the content of the leaves of proline 0.99 μg g-1 and the highest rate of cuticle thickness 7.74 .mµ

This study was conducted in the plant tissue and cell culture laboratory department of Biology at the College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, during the period October 2015 – 2016 May. The aim was to estimate of physalin one of the secondary metabolic product in Physalis angulata L. plants from leaves and callus culture derived from hypocotyl of sterile three weeks old seedlings and induction on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg l -1 2,4-D +0.25 mg.l-1BA . Chromatography adopted the results of high performance liquid HPLC in the diagnosis of isolated physalin and estimate the proportion of its presence amounting to 181.25, and 155.53% for each of the physalin A and B respectively and leaves of seed plants. The convergence of their presence ratio in callus age of 30 days, amounting to 11.33 and 12.25%, respectively. Increasing of physalin was observed with increasing the age of culture to 45 days, and its presence ratios reached in these culture 18.77% for physalin A and 250.6% for physalin B. It was observed that these values began to decline with advancing age of the culture which reached their values to 7.6 and 66.5%, respectively, at the age of 60 days. Overall, these data indicate that these cultures represent a sustainable favorite sources for physalin.

Field experiment was Conducted during spring growing season 2015 in the vast / hand Hibhib / area of Diyala province to study the response of some genotypes of potatoes Emma, Loane and Rivira to four concentrations of colchicines (0, 25, 50 and 75) mg l-1 and time of soaking (one-hour and two hours) to bring out genetic variations and its impact on yield. This study was implemented by using (RCBD) design with three replications. Studied characteristics was a number of marketable tubers, average of tuber weight, the weight of the largest tuber, marketable yield and total marketable yield. The averages of the traits were studied according to Duncan test and the level of probability of 0.05.

This study was conducted on the floor coverings deployed in the forest irrigation stands for pine trees Pinus brutia Ten. In province of Nineveh, which are located in northern Iraq. The purpose was to know edge and determine the differentiation of main stem shape of pine trees, form study the stem form and taper, by using four methods for this purpose, such as, form factor (ordinary) (Ff), form quotation (Fq), form point (Fp), taper (Ft), for this study, we selected (31) trees randomly. The range of diameter at breast height (6.8–24.8) cm, the study appear differentiation among values of form factor (0.606, 0.403, 0.307) respecting and taper (0.485), therefore, the form quotation (Fq) and taper is proximate same.

This study was carried out in Zakho area on stand Populus nigra. Different types of measurements had been taken for the area, measurement cover number of trees of hectare for each stand. Sixty Random samples which area of (0.01) ha. By using different regression in statgraph system to derive mathematical equations for this information. We prepared the relation between heights of base crown, crown ratio as depended variable of trees and stand as in depended variable, the obtained results were: )0.00295A -xp e -HIW = 2.7159 + 19.0536 * Hm (1 = 0.70 SE =0.998 2R 0.1767 HIW ) -( 0.1335 +0.1559 Hm exp -CR = = 0.89 SE = 0.1734 2R The coefficient of determination and standard error of equations gave good value, these equations had been modified in two tables (2 and 3). We can use these tables by manager to reach the object, to produce the maximum yield of stand, and for this table we can determine crown ratio at different age and density.

This study was conducted in one of the orchards at Abu-ElKhasib districtBasrah city during the season 2015-2016 to study the effect of whey and marine algae extract Kelpak (5 ml l -1 ) on fruits qualities of five species of date palm(Halawi, Saier, Barhee, Luluy and Bobkee(. The results showed variation among species because of the genetic material. Whey spraying treatment showed the highest results for most of the fruits qualities (fruit length, fruit drop, fruit weight, dry weight and TSS) (35.88 mm, 25.36 mm, 10.22 gm, 4 438% and 47.21% respectively) .Treatment of marine algae extract significantly effected on length and weight of seed, wet weight, decade ratio and bunch weight (2.361 mm, 1 260 mm, 69.25%, 79.91% and 10.81 kg respectively). The result of Luluy species had
highest values of length, size, total and dry weight of fruits, while Barhee significantly exceeded in fruit diameter, water content of fruits, decade ratio, TSS and bunch weight. Interaction had significantly effect on most of the studied fruit
qualities.

Field experiment was conducted during the spring agricultural season of 2015 in Hibhib Township - Governorate of Diyala. The study included three factors. Three varieties (Ptira, Patra, and Samara) of Okra were used with three types of biofertilizers (Bionutrients B1, Biohealth B2, and Endospor B3 and Without addition biofertilizers (B0) with two levels of chemical fertilizers (50% and 100 %) that recommend of Okra to study the effect these factors on some vegetative growth parameters of Okra varieties mentioned above. Split-split plot design in R.C.B.D was used with 3 replications. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and stem diameter were studied. Differences between the averages of the traits were studied according to Duncan test polynomial at level 0.05. The study showed superior of patra variety in plant height (132.03 cm), number of branches (17.08), number of leaves (394.0), leaf area (709.08 dc2) and stem diameter (34.60 mm). Biohealh was superior in plant height (126.79 cm), number of leaves (11.77), stem diameter (34.32 mm), and endospore enriched in leave area (688.97dc2) compared to non-fertilization. Level of chemical fertilizer 50% was superior in the number of leaves (390.5), leaf area (643.27 dc2) and stem diameter (34.53 mm) compared to 100%. The interaction between the three factors was significant in most studied attributes

An agricultural experiment was conducted by using plastic pots 10 kg capacity on soil from Alton-Kobry region with R.C.B.D design, to study the effect of three mineral sulfur levels (0, 800 and 1600) kg S ha-1 , Potassium-sulphate (0, 100 and 200) kg K ha-1 on phosphorus of triple superphosphate availability (0, 100 and 200) kg P ha-1 and growth and yield of corn (Zea mays). Results showed that there were a significant effect for the mineral sulfur and potassium-phosphate in phosphate availability and uptake. Mineral sulfur causes a significant effect on phosphate uptake by plant dry matter, increased as addition levels increased, uptake amount reached )287.28, 368.67 and 467.67) mg P pot-1 at levels addition (0, 800 and 1600) kg S ha-1 respectively, while the effect of (K2SO4) levels addition on total phosphate uptake in plant dry matter, results showed also a significant effect for addition levels on phosphate uptake but with less efficiency compared to mineral sulphate, but higher than control treatment, the values of phosphate uptake were (294.02, 397.25 and 459.37) mg P pot-1 at addition levels of (0, 100 and 200) kg K ha-1 respectively.

The study was Carried out in Wasit Province in Iraq, located between latitude 32°45'37.12"N to32°50'31.48"N and longitude 45°00'09.62"E to 45°05'57.82"E. The main objective of this study is predictive models building for diagnosis degradation of available nitrogen and phosphorus quantity in the soil, then using its on remote sensing data for 1994, 2004 and 2014 years, these models building by integration Generalized Difference Vegetation Index(GDVI2) and Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) with available nitrogen and phosphorus laboratory values, the available nitrogen and phosphorus digital maps production in predicted an accurate 0.9711 and 0.921 each of respectively. The results showed significant degradation in available nitrogen quantity in the soil between (1994-2004) and (1994-2014) 30.07% and 41.73% each of respectively, so available nitrogen quantity in the soil between (1994-2004) and (1994-2014) 24.82% and 28.39% each of respectively.

This experiment was conducted in private orchard in diyala province on 8 year old of local pomegrante trees cultivated at silty loam soil, the experiment included two factors, the first factor type of water ( fresh water and ground water ) the second factor was added leaves pomegranate falled ( as organic matter , and without adding ). The results showed increased in bulk density and soil salinity and decrease in water infiltration and fruit charactersites ( fruit number and fruit weight ) when irrigated with ground water compared with fresh water . the result showed decreased in bulk density and soil salinity and increase in yield charcter and water infiltration when added organic matter compared with control. however maxmum yield parameters namely fruit weight and fruit number were increased significantly reached about 172 gm and 181 respectively at the interactive treatment ( fresh water + added organic matter ) .

A pot experiment was conducted at the lath –house of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2013 spring season, using loamy sand texture soil to study isolation and diagnosis of mycorrhiza and sewage sludge and their effect on growth maize plant and Cd and Pb concentration. Treatments were five sewage sludge levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg h-1) coded as (S0, S1, S2, S3 and S4) with two treatments of mycorrhiza (without inoculation, with mycorrhiza, Gloums intraradics) coded as (AM0, AM1). This study was designed according to Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in three replicates. Results showed that a diagnosis of mycorrhiza fungus for genes level and species with use PCR through conformable properties for fungus Gloums intraradics and Glomus mosseae. Results showed that an inoculated of mycorrhiza significant reduced Cd and Pb, while increase in shoot and root dry weight. Increase in accumulation rate of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in root system, compared to shoot system, which showed rate of accumulation almost four times lower than the roots.