Alnoor Journal for Legal Studies

The term "model judgment" refers to an action taken by the European Court in response to the growing number of complaints being submitted to the court. These complaints are typically based on the same violation of rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. Essentially، there is a "fundamental issue" within the domestic legal system of the defendant state. In response، the court، under this procedure، determines the "general measures" that the defendant state must adopt in order to swiftly resolve the "fundamental issue." The court obliges the concerned state to implement an "internal appeal" process to address "repeated complaints" that have been postponed by the court until the required measures are taken. This judgment differs from other rulings in terms of its effects، as well as its distinct nature when compared to ordinary judgments. The question then arises: to what extent can one reconcile this distinctiveness with the principles governing the European Convention and the scope of the Court’s jurisdiction?.

The issue of family disintegration is one of the most prominent problems that threaten the lives of spouses and the entire family. This scourge has invaded most classes of Iraqi society, and this is due to the rapid social and cultural change that our society has gone through, which led to an imbalance in the structure and function of the family, which was followed by the occurrence of tension and conflict between The couple ended up with family disintegration. The topic of family disintegration has aroused the passion of many researchers in various fields of science, social and psychological, but it has been less interesting in the field of legal sciences. Although it is a social problem, it at the same time constitutes a legal problem that needs to receive the attention of legal researchers, and to propose effective solutions in order to eliminate it or at least reduce its high levels. We summarize our research on the impact of family disintegration on marital life, so in this research we will explain The role of society, institutions and law in addressing the dangers of family disintegration and how to preserve family cohesion and prevent its disintegration, with a proposal for legal texts that serve this role.

The search for the place of a fair trial in private international law is conducted from two angles, On the one hand, a fair trial begins when a judge directly decides a dispute between ordinary persons representing a foreign element, The judge determines the competent court to consider the dispute according to certain criteria, sometimes according to the most appropriate court or the inappropriate court. Legislation has differed in adopting each of these two theories, On the other hand, a fair trial is also invoked when a foreign judgment is recognized and implemented. Private international law, such as international criminal law, actually allows us to see the place attributed to a fair trial when there are multiple competent courts. These topics that focus on the circulation of standards from one country to another highlight the fact that the normative space can, on the one hand, implement a fair trial itself, and on the other hand, control how it is implemented in another country.

Obligation adgerence in showing and transparency has been significantly increased at the company saving activity filed. These significance has from conceding that the beneficiary has no direct mean in which he get the required information that are connected with the company and its natural saving moreover depending on it. The investment decision making that is suitable for purchase shares or not. The company participants it depends on these information and the reports that company discovers in terms of reflecting its natural saving and make it as equivalent as it natural reality furthermore, its decision. The natural principles and if these information and reports are not correct, not clear and equivalent to natural then it will be wrong.