Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

This research is based on the investigation of a manuscript entitled (A Message on Tajweed of Al-Fatihah) by Imam Omar bin Qasim bin Muhammad bin Ali Al-Ansari (d. 938 AH), and it includes topics in the science of Tajweed in brief, such as appearing and concealing, assimilation with ghana, assimilation and without ghana, the rulings on the noon sakina and tanween, and a chapter on the rā’ from Where there is amplification and thinning, a chapter on the letters of Qalqalah, a chapter on the sections of the maddūd and their amounts, a chapter on the thinning of the lam and its amplification, a chapter on the letters of the iqbala, a chapter on the haa of the pronoun, with examples from the Book of God Almighty on each of the rulings of intonation, then detail on the intonation of Al-Fatihah, and it concluded with sources and references, and I relied on books. Readings, intonation, sound and grammar in this research.

The research was interested in studying the goals of asceticism and wisdom according to Abu Al-Atahiyya, and how he made them a means of influencing the recipient. Its purpose was preaching, guidance, and wisdom, especially in the Abbasid era, which was full of cultural cross-fertilization. Due to the connection between the Persians and Greece, and the activity of translation that was transferred to cultures, Abu Al-Atahiya represented the influence of poetry on social, political and intellectual changes, which led to the phenomenon of asceticism, and it was due to the turbulent life between sulking, earning, love, and a humble upbringing, until he became one of the ascetic poets of the Abbasid era. The descriptive analytical method was used.
The research resulted in the fact that Abu Al-Atahiyya fulfilled the meaning and became eloquent, suggestive, capable of influence, and expanded his imagination to create an imaginary image saturated with reality, in decorated images. The research aimed to highlight one of the purposes of poetry prevailing in the Abbasid era, as he had a prominent role in preaching People, advising and guiding them, and reminding them of death and the necessity of preparing for it, and the annihilation of the world and the speed of its disappearance. The poet employed the methods of reporting and construction, for the purpose of influencing the recipient, and the suggestive significance and employing news and construction methods.

The science of Arabic writing depends on grammatical, morphological, phonetic, and perhaps linguistic reasons. Those who wrote in this science relied in extracting its rules on the texts of earlier Arabic scholars, especially Sibawayh. Therefore, this research came as an attempt to find out those texts in the book of Sibawayh, and to try to extract whether there are references that can be used in the studies of the science of Arabic writing. The research collected texts that are close to the book and bear the reasons that were focused on by the Arabic scholars who wrote in this science. Although it does not contain the terminology of the science of Arabic writing, it is worth mentioning here that all those who wrote and composed said that writing is dependent on speech. Also, the research has yielded quite a few references from Sibawayh’s book, and perhaps these signs were clear and close to interpretation, and perhaps they were distant, but from all these texts and references it was possible to build research topics.
This research, according to the researcher, is an unprecedented step in the field of Arabic writing science. It may draw the attention of researchers and lead them to reconsider the texts of the predecessors in the light of this science.

This research examines the sounds of the words of verbally similar verses from the Holy Qur’an, and shows the extent of their influence in clarifying the subtle linguistic differences between the verses. The difference of a single letter in the two words reveals to us a subtle difference in meaning, which may come from the timbre of the letter itself, with the characteristics it carries that are qualities. It is accidental in its pronunciation, in addition to the way the letter comes out and its effect on the meaning, in that it is on different levels located in the speech apparatus.

The research titled (The effectiveness of narration in the novel "The White Dress" - Samar Al-Fayyad as an example) seeks to show recent studies, especially the fictional text that raises basic issues. It occupied a person’s thoughts and the course of his speech, as in the novel The White Dress by the writer Samar Al-Fayad, as her artistic approach in this novel carries basic issues related to the pattern of social customs and traditions as a diverse social phenomenon. Through it, the writer sought to shed light on the social arrangement in Iraqi society, such as home and school, and the cultural and social characteristics they carry. Through it, we included the research work that focused on the basic negative and functional relationships on which the production of text and its impact on the recipient is based, as part of the creative process in terms of influence and influence. Through the language of narrative.

The study aims to highlight the direct and indirect effectiveness of color in the poetry of a prominent poet of the Abbasid era, and to show the extent of that effectiveness that was achieved in the poet’s text and the aesthetic value that emerged from aesthetic frameworks that were achieved in the essence of the text in relative, multi-faceted degrees, whether at the level of the poet’s self or at the level of The other, in a way that makes color and gray a prominent feature inherent in creating and displaying the crucible and icon of color, and then influencing the reader’s attraction with the intentional and unintentional image by creating psychological effects on humans through the requirements and connotations of color, through positive and sometimes non-positive suggestions with a new, stimulating vision. And excitement.

The poets described events and cities each according to his sect and orientation. Some expressed them with sincere feeling, others criticized them and gloating aspect was highlighted. Alkhurami was with this group that showed this extremism and persisted in exposing the Caliphate, the faithful Caliph and his policy.

The character is one of the most important elements of the narrative work, because it is concerned with the creation and development of the event. It is one of the important elements in which the main components of the story revolve. The character is the mixing of reality and imagination, created by the storyteller in his imagination, borrowing its features from real reality and adding to it the artistic touch that makes it closer to realism and convincing. Therefore, the character element has its artistic value at the narrative level, regardless of the differences in viewpoints.
The artistic importance of the character lies in its activity, movement, and knowledge of the task of the narrative actions that are integrated in the narrative text, and this is what Aristotle went for when he stressed the importance of depicting the action in addition to clarifying with it the role of the actor. This is clear from his saying: (In order to judge something that was said or occurred to the extent Its importance: We must not only look at the action itself, but we must also take into account the person who performed the action or said it.
Storytelling means employing the character from the inside and outside in a way that often leads to confusion between the character in the fictional reality and the character in the lived reality, with a desire to make the recipient believe in the realism of that character, which is often described as a living being with a physical existence, describing its features, stature, voice, clothing, and age.
The character occupied special importance in the nineteenth century by separating it from the event and giving it an active role in narrative works. It was necessary for the character to be characterized by special characteristics that remain unique and cannot be replaced by anything else, and at the same time to enjoy generality until it becomes universal. If this indicates that it indicates the high value of the individual in society by giving the personality a higher value, and this has been confirmed by studies in this aspect.
As for modern narration, it began to look at character in a different way than it was in the past, and interest in character began to gradually diminish following the emergence of formalist critics, as these critics made it clear that character does not play an important role in moving the narrative dynamic, and this is what the Russian critic (Vladimir Propp) argued in An analysis of the Russian tale through which he sought to reveal the elements of the narrative text in the context of his focus on the functions performed by the characters as a semantic unit and not a fixed a priori given.
It is worth noting that the characters differ depending on the methods of presenting them, as each storyteller has his own way of drawing the features of the characters externally and internally, and even determining their narrative function and scope of movement. This is achieved by the writer’s ability to create and innovate, and he convinces us to accept the types of characters, interact with them, and feel their realism, even though they are imaginary.
The types of characters vary according to the researcher’s ability to classify them based on the narrative work. There are those who divide them into three sections as follows:
1. The main character: He is the character who dominates the narrative work in presence, influence, and portrayal.
2. Flat personality: It is the one that remains as it is without development.
3. The rounded or developing character: He is the one whose appearance is not complete until the end of the story.
We will try to shed light on the method of constructing characters in Hasaballah Yahya’s stories, as the characters that appeared in all of his stories varied between realism, that is, familiar to the reader, or that the reader does not feel strange about, and fantasy, which are those that have a unique imaginative dimension, with features Unreasonable dimensions.

The reader of Arabic poetry will notice that there is an unintended spoken word, and an unintended intended one, so the critic’s role comes in extrapolating what is behind the text. Perhaps irony is one of the rhetorical mechanisms that is evident in Arabic poetry, especially as it includes opposite words with a sarcastic tone. It is an evasive linguistic game to direct meaning or A transformed meaning according to Blasher. Perhaps paradox is a form of displacement, and each structure of displacement has a special pattern that differs or is similar to other structures to create paradox according to the creator.

Praise be to God, much praise, and may blessings and peace be upon our honorable Messenger Muhammad bin Abdullah and his family and all of his companions. Now then:
In this research, he dealt with a number of morphological topics in an important Arabic book, which is the book Al-Tamam fi Tafsir Hudhayl Poetry by Ibn Jinni. These topics are: diminution, deletion, and violation of morphological analogy. The research showed that Ibn Jinni harnessed morphological research in interpreting poetic texts and succeeded in doing so.

The method of separation and connection is considered one of the important methods in Arabic rhetoric. Rather, it is the largest rhetorical topic and the most frequently mentioned in the Holy Qur’an. Almost no verse or sentence in the Holy Qur’an is devoid of a chapter or connection. It is a very large topic that cannot be limited and understood through this research of ours. But we will show some Evidence, but not limited to, is the most important rhetorical method; That is why it was said about eloquence that it is knowing the separation from the connection. This is due to its capacity and what distinguishes it from other methods and the need to know its places, especially in the Holy Qur’an, as many ambiguous or ambiguous meanings become clear through it. This will appear through our application in the separation and connection of the verses of the word “asked” and its derivatives in the Holy Qur’an as a model for the research that was distributed to Three axes: The first: which is the definition of separation and connection linguistically and conventionally. The second axis: which is the eloquence of the constructions of the word “saal” and its derivatives in the verses of the word “saal” and its derivatives. The third axis: is the eloquence of the constructions of the style of connection in the verses of the word “saal” and its derivatives in the Holy Qur’an. The research relied on books of rhetorical interpretations such as Al-Kashshaf by Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Tahrir wa Al-Tanweer by Al-Tahir Ibn Ashour, and other books. The research revealed some meanings and emphasized the importance of separation and connection in brevity and redundancy, linking sentences to each other, targeting occasions between meanings and determining their connections, how they met with each other, what is the reason for connecting and separating them, and what type of connections And their degree and the relationships between them. It also deals with the articulations of speech at certain parts. To contemplate it and determine the hidden meaning within it, and combine its beginning with its end. To be a rhetorical image in the mind of the reader.

Reading cuneiform texts and studying ancient Iraqi languages is of great importance to learn about the unique civilizational achievements that were achieved in Mesopotamia. The cuneiform texts dealt with various economic, social, legal, scientific and political topics. Therefore, these cuneiform texts are of great importance in knowing much of what the Mesopotamian civilization was hiding in various aspects of life.
Through official correspondence conducted with the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage and after obtaining official approvals from the excavators who headed the excavation committee for the four excavation seasons (1999-2002), a group of cuneiform texts was quarantined. Six texts were copied and reproduced. Of course, they have economic implications. Text No. 1 includes a letter, as it does not differ from the Assyrian letters in writing and wording. Text No. (2) included a court case. Texts (3-4-6) are loan contracts, and Text No. (5) includes a mortgage contract for two people. All texts were written in the Neo-Assyrian dialect, with the Sumerian language used for notation.

Bribery is a form of corruption, and the corruption of debts that societies suffer from, ancient and modern. When conscience is absent and religious motivation fades, many immoral phenomena and behaviors spread in societies, including bribery, which leads to the corruption of nations and is a dangerous disease from which many societies have suffered.
If bribery spreads in society, it leads to the spread of financial corruption in it. People should not hesitate to pay money in order to achieve interests that should not be theirs and to which they have no legitimate right. This is forbidden in Islam and all laws, which leads to envy, deception and hatred in society and leads to disintegration. In societies, injustice spreads, justice and equality are prevented among people, and then rights are given to those who do not deserve, which leads to the spread of corruption and the collapse of the societal system. This phenomenon appeared in Islamic society throughout the emergence of the state, and its spread increased. When the religious motive fades, societal problems and immoral behaviors begin to appear, which lead to the corruption of nations. Its dissolution and the disintegration of society.

The media system in Iraq underwent fundamental changes after the change of the political system in 2003, and this is due to the change in the form of the political system and its view of journalistic work and freedom of the press. The Arab Spring revolutions that began in 2011 added other changes, represented by a tangible weakness in the state’s ability to impose security and order following the emergence of the Islamic State, known as ISIS, and the occupation of Mosul, Salah al-Din, Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, and other cities in Syria, represented by Raqqa, Al-Hasakah, and Deir. Perjury, and the emergence of new pressure forces represented by armed groups that have begun to contest the state’s authority and impose great pressure on journalistic work. In addition to the transformation of the journalist in Iraq into a politician and vice versa after the year 2011, without the journalist having knowledge of the rules of political work, or the politician having sufficient knowledge of the rules of the journalistic profession in an unstable media and political environment in terms of the factors influencing the communicators, and this system has not been able until the present time. To pave a clear path that gives it a professional identity.
The researcher divided this study into three sections, the first dealing with the methodological framework.
While the second section included the journalistic and media work environment in Iraq by addressing the journalistic-media system in Iraq and its relationship with the political system and the regulatory and legal environment for journalistic work, as well as the sources and mechanisms of financing media institutions in Iraq and the factors shaping the journalistic work environment, which included social, political and economic factors. And professional. While the third section dealt with the field study of the pressures faced by communicators in Iraq since the Arab Spring unrest in 2011 until 2023, by applying it to a sample of practicing members of the Iraqi Journalists Syndicate.

This research was concerned with highlighting the political influence on the functions of the media, especially legislation, as a tool for political action to influence social systems and direct public opinion. The problem posed by this research is summarized in the following question (Where is the influence of the political factor on the functions of the media through press legislation in the Arab world). In this study, the researcher used the survey method to achieve its objectives, which were summarized in measuring the phenomenon of the influence of political regimes on the functions of the media, analyzing it through press legislation in the Arab world, describing the content, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and identifying its impact on the functions of the media. He chose for his research the legislation of the Arab press as a whole society, and he chose a sample of the press legislation of six Arab countries: (Iraq, Syria, Kuwait, Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria). The research reached many results, the most prominent of which was regarding previous censorship of newspapers: All Arab press legislation included provisions for subsequent censorship of the issuance of newspapers and their content, whether directly or indirectly. The number of articles that organized the censorship process for the benefit of the authority in this category was (31) articles from the Publications Laws, representing (100%) of the sample. This indicates the insistence of the Arab legislator on the press’s adherence to the interests of the authority and to influence its functions.