Regional Studies Journal

Abstract
The new idea of dividing Iraq is not new but old, connected in a ‎way or another with the economic a mbitions of the west and the ‎security of Israel. Those who adopted this idea coudnot perfom it ‎actually not becamse they unable only but because that Iraq is ‎opposed the idea of dividing Iraq as country and ground and ‎People that undividable. Its People and ground are united based on ‎geographic and historical facts. ‎

Abstract
The American "Road Map" project includes a permanent ‎settlement for the Palestinian – Israeli conflict establishing a ‎Palestinian state that lives beside Israel within safe borders. ‎However the Israeli politicians escape committing to the project of ‎permanent settlement heading to a temporary settlement for the ‎conflict; starting from Ariel Sharon's disengagement plan from ‎Gaza and ending in the new separation plan, called the assembly ‎plan, which was declared by Ehud Olmert, the Israeli prime ‎minister. This plan includes a unilateral withdrawal from some of ‎the Israeli settlements in the West Bank aiming at demarcating ‎permanent borders for Israel. The plan has got American ‎guarantees.‎

Abstract
This is reflected on Iraq as one of the developing countries, the ‎absence of social development in Iraq is one of the highlights of ‎Iraq, despite the fact that Iraq possessed of wealth of which ‎qualify it to achieve economic development, resulting in nutshell ‎development and development at the social level, and perhaps the ‎most striking features of the absence of social development in ‎Iraq, the low level of education, poor health of Iraqi citizens as ‎well as a significant shortfall in the number of adequate housing ‎and other basic necessities of life so that Iraqi citizens suffered ‎greatly from the most basic necessities of life, and that Iraq is on ‎the verge of significant change in the political and economic ‎conditions it is the key priorities that must be taken care of by any ‎coming Iraqi government is working towards the development of a ‎genuine social re-balance to the lives of the Iraqi citizen.‎

Abstract ‎
The problem of financial decrease and the disability to manage ‎financial incomes needed to finance the general burdens in spite of ‎following monetary policies and the expanded credits lead to ‎privatization and this make the country fall in external indebtness, ‎These debts consume great ratios of the budgets of the indebted ‎countries especially the rang of external indebtness which is equal ‎the double of G.D.P. in some developing countries and the Arabs ‎in particular. Therefore, these countries third to practice the ‎programs of economic reform, which resulted in desired financial ‎effects in diminishing the levels of external indebtedness for the ‎period after 1991.‎

Abstract ‎
Turkish-British relations since the republic in 1923 till 1928 ‎was characterized by stagnation where the problem of Mosul in ‎‎1926 had discovered the elements enmity between them .‎
In 1929, the beginning of diplomatic rapproachment between ‎both states was clear and these relations improved since mid of ‎‎1930 is due to the British position supporting the issue of Turkish ‎straits when Turkey demanded to hold an international conference ‎to review the articles within the treaty of Lozan in1923. ‎
The British role supporting Turkey in Montreux conference in ‎‎1936 had got great effect for Turkey to have a complete control ‎upon the straits within that treaty on July ,20 of that year.‎
After this, the relations had witnessed an obvious development ‎on both political And economic levels. ‎

Abstract
The deep and speed changes witnessed by knowledge society in the 21th ‎century prove that the predominating economy will be knowledge ‎economy. Governments must possess efficient Institution systems,‎‏ ‏active ‎economic incentives.‎‏ ‏good governance.‎‏ ‏as well as systems of education.‎‏ ‏innovation and information & communications to motivate creative ‎entrepreneurship. The applied econometrics analysis results proved that ‎economic incentives system.‎‏ ‏technology of information and ‎communications determine about (‎‏%‏‎99) of changes in knowledge economy ‎index of GCCS in 2009. These states must crystallize economic and ‎scientific awareness to comprehend and stabilize technology of information ‎and communications.‎‏ ‏concluding policies that come from fact by technical ‎self-sufficiency to stabilize technology instead of importing and using ‎economic feasibility standards without stopping at the last chain of ‎technology which is consumption deemed by economic logic as of no use ‎financial wasting

Abstract
Turkey economy has witnessed since the establishment of the ‎Republic in 1923, So many economic crises and they were about ‎thirteen crises till now. Turkey followed many reforms within ‎different economic policies by the nature of the economic ‎problem, its kind and power. ‎
The study says that Turkey was able to adapt its economy with ‎in economic reforms made through past year to reach a developing ‎state in spite of its limited resources. ‎
Through the study, it is clear that Turkey is a developing state ‎follows the system of free market and affected by internal and ‎international crises. The crisis of 2001was the strongest in the ‎modern history of Turkey and it had a great impact upon Turkish ‎economy. Turkish economy was able to heal itself after two years ‎and achieve a growth in GDP and reforming the general budget ‎and reducing rates of unemployment and inflation, raising the ‎share of per capita and increasing foreign investments and this ‎cannot be achieved without a suitable economic environment. ‎

Abstract ‎
Religious schools are one of the features of Is lamic movements ‎in Turkey that provid it with Islam society. These schools ic ‎educated cadres that could get powerful seats in the stat and have ‎been established in 1913 but did not get the demaud interest, thus ‎it have been united with the schools of preachers and named ‎guidance schools until it have been cancelled in 1924 after the ‎establishment of Turkish republic, and then appeared again in the ‎same year under the name of Imam– Hatip schools which ‎witnessed important developments during the last century, the ‎study is a try know these schools and the stages of development. ‎

This research deals with the social conditions of the women in ‎the Arabian gulf before the petroleum discovery and after math ‎‎,her suffering of the difficult social and economic circumstances ‎in an absolute man's society in all fields. and the potenital future ‎owing to the tremdendous economic and social changes during the ‎petrouilum era, and its reflection on the education, works and ‎social activities.‎

Abstract
Saudi Arabia was able to Surpass important obstacles and got use of ‎its good relations with the advanced start as to got advanced weapons, in ‎addition to start the military industry during the last ten years. The year ‎‎1926 is considered the first beginning of armed forces in Saudi Arabia ‎after the periods of depending upon combatants of horn principle used by ‎king Abdul-Aziz bin Saud since he was controlling Al-Rayadh getting it ‎back from Al-Rasheed in 1902. After that, interest was directed to wards ‎building a modern army but this did not complete till mid of 1970s and ‎the following years due to improving the economic in Saudi Arabia . The ‎kingdom benefited from its good relations with the western states ‎especially united states with its troops on the Saudi lands. In spite of the ‎shortage in arms contracts, but this did not prevent the kingdom from ‎getting modern weapons especially F.15 planes and the British ‎plane(Tornado). ‎

Abstract
September11th in cidents 2001 affected the relation between ‎Saudi Arabia and united state negatively after the accusation of ‎U.S.A. to Saudi Arabia in supporting those who executed these ‎events. most of them were holding the Saudi nationality. In the ‎light of this, the relation was stressed between U.S. and Saudi. ‎Thus،‎ Saudi tried to look for a new partner and found Russia ‎Suitable for that partner. Therefore, the relation between Saudi ‎and Russia began to develop gradually although there were no any ‎exchange or political cooperation between both states. The from of ‎that relation began to expand including diplomatic representation, ‎economic and oil agreements and other fields. the relation between ‎both state reached its climax when the Russian president fladimair ‎Butin made an official visit to Saudi Arabia in February 2007 and ‎this visit represented political reproachment.‎

Abstract
This research tackles the phenomenon of private security companies ‎which are constituting a phenomenon on the international arena. They ‎exceeded in their work the job entitled to do, turning to perform high ‎quality military operations. These companies work in the so called gray ‎zone, as they work without any legal cover and without being subject to ‎any laws, whether internal or international particularly in Iraq. These ‎companies emerged often the American occupation to Iraq in 2003, they ‎have immunity against the Iraqi law after being authorized by the ‎occupation authority.The research also tackles the role of the red cross ‎and its endeavors in subjecting these companies to the humanitarian ‎international law. It also tackles the role of the American congress in ‎issuing a law that subjects these companies to the military laws of the ‎pentagon. ‎

Abstract
Language is considered to be one the most important means in ‎expressing thoughts feelings and in communicating other human ‎communities because it is like the living creature having perminant ‎activity, renewable at all times and in different circumstances, in addition ‎to its close relation ship with social, economical, political and cultural ‎structure-for every nation ,and because Turkish language fulfills all these ‎factors,so,it,is regarded as one of the most well-known Languages ‎belonging to Ural Altay group which have the same syntax structre, As ‎for the Turkish Languages expression ,it is restricted to a larg number of ‎Languages having the same origion, The Turkish Language is spread out ‎in the region extending from middle Asia up to the west until the east of ‎Europe, Many dialects have been evoluted from this Language after a ‎chain of successive migrations of the Turkish tribes most of whom were ‎Ogoz, Kiptchag and Turkmen, This Language with its all dialects have ‎been flourished independency after the in dependency of the nations who ‎speak these dialects, from the possession of the former United Soviet, In ‎spite of their multhti uariation, the Turk Language are close to each ‎other in their grammatical structure and vocabulary richness so that it is ‎possible for the native speakers of these Language (dialects) to ‎communicate as it they were speakers of different dialects of one ‎Language. Among the most important dialects which have been tackeld ‎are Azerian, Tukmenian, Ozbec, Egorian and Tartar‎