Journal of Education for Humanities

This research seeks to test one of the critical concepts related to the major transformations in literary theory at the structural and descriptive levels, those transformations that would not have occurred without the strong relationship between these two levels in terms of the shifts that affected the social and cultural structures of each human society. We chose the novel " A Woman with Dripping Eyes” to provide the cultural patterns implicit in the novel, as well as the abundance of what is left unsaid in it. Revealing these implications requires us - far from repeating theorizing in cultural studies - to enter into the context of the novel and diagnose the multiple forms of cultural patterns that have been obscured by puns and silences. It is difficult to reach the implicit pattern behind its seemingly clear expressions.

The research aims to reveal the creative benefactors that had a major role in constructing Ibn Burd's messages, as the creative benefactors contributed to decorating IbnBurd's messages, confirmed their meanings, and increased them with elegance, beauty, and splendor. However, we did not find a study that stopped at the creative benefactors that IbnBurd wanted through its application to influence the recipient, as well as an aesthetic goal that he wanted to add to his text by using verbal and moral enhancers.

The German philosopher Martin Heidegger says about language: It is the “house of existence.” Hence, language is not just a means of expression, but rather a tool with which a person thinks, establishes knowledge, reveals facts, innovates, creates, and innovates various things. It is the basic foundation for building civilization. On it to build a knowledge society.
The Arabic language is the language of science, literature, arts, and culture. For centuries, it has been able to be the language of various sciences such as medicine, chemistry, algebra, astronomy, and others. To which the West returned to create its renaissance and build its civilization.
Therefore, it can be said that the Arabic language today - and through scientific research - represents the most important and reliable media in building a knowledge society that is familiar with the most important things that the world produces in several fields, and also a society that contributes to building and producing knowledge, by presenting scientific research that has a major role. In knowledge creation, especially research conducted by university institutions, whether in Algeria or in the Arab world.

The aim of the current research is the reasons for low achievement in Arabic language among third-grade students from the teachers’ point of view. A questionnaire was prepared consisting of (24) paragraphs, each paragraph representing one of the reasons for low achievement in Arabic language, after presenting it to a group of arbitrators. to verify its authenticity, The current research was conducted on an exploratory sample consisting of (15) teachers from the original community for this research of Arabic language teachers. The researcher used the degree of repetition and the percentage weight of the readings of the tool. The results of the current research resulted in that these (24) paragraphs are shown in Table (1). It is one of the main reasons for the low academic achievement of the third intermediate grade students in varying proportions.

This research aims to stand on the choices of Abu al-Qasim al-Hudhali (Yusuf bin Ali) deceased: (465AH) in his book (alkamil fi alqira'at alkhamsin) in the brushes of letters, he chose al-Hudhali among the readings of the Qur'an what he saw that he Arhaj reading and reasons for his choice, and the value of the book and the height of his work and good choices we have been studying it as the book was not singled out by an independent morphological study, which is a source of morphological restriction, it has linguistic and dialectal performances and eloquent uses of what simulates the evidence of Arabic From poetry and prose, but outweighed by eloquence and statement, so we decided to follow those words that were read with the word plural cracker once, and the pronunciation of the name of the genus once, collection and statistics, and then we stood on the sayings of the people of the language in the reason for choosing each reading, and we mentioned the choice of Imam Al-Hudhali, and we showed the reason for his choice, and we realized what we saw preponderant in the choice, in agreement with Al-Hudhali or contrary to him, and then we highlighted it in an independent search to enrich the research and exclusively for interest. This study has revealed that morphological phenomena occupy a high and distinct position among the rest of the linguistic phenomena that were filled with readings, the differences between these readings revolve mostly in the orbit of heterogeneity and substitution, which works in most of its phenomena at the level of morphological evidence, especially the structure of names, and this study showed that the difference in reading between the fact that the pronunciation is a genus name or the collection of cracking represents a morphological phenomenon that has a prominent presence at the level of meaning, as this study paints us a picture of the Arabic approach in The construction of plural in them, and how they resort to changing the sounds of structure to express the meanings of the few and the many in their deliberative contexts.

لقد أنشأ الحريري (ت516هـ) خمسين مقامة، تناول فيها مواضيع شتى، وقد رصعها بالآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة والأمثال العربية التي استعار أغلبها من تجاربه الحياتية، وقد وظف الحريري هذه اللأمثال في مقاماته لما لها من أهمية حجاجية تداولية، وكونها غزيرة المعنى وتؤنس النفوس بالفكرة المطروحة وتعين على قبولها، ومن هنا أراد الباحث أن يسلط الضوء عليها لسببين، الأول: إن الحديث عن الأمثال ممتع ومفيد لما تتضمنه من تجارب انسانية عميقة تخفي في ثناياها كثيراً من الحقائق العلمية والاجتماعية والنفسية المرتبطة بالفرد ومجتمعه، والثاني: أن هذه الأمثال لم تجد من يولها حقها ويؤطرها في دراسة علمية أكاديمية خاصة، ومن هنا استقر العنوان على (الأمثال في مقامات الحريري-دراسة مضمونية).
وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يسقر في منهجه على تمهيد ومبحثين مسبوقين بمقدمة ومنتهيين بخاتمة بأبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها، تناول التمهيد تعريف المثل وأهميته والفرق بينه وبين الحكمة، ودرس المبحث الأول: المضامين التربوية والاجتماعية للأمثال في مقامات الحريري، في حين درس المبحث الثاني: الأمثال ذات المضامين التعليمية التهذيبية، وقد طغى المضمون التربوي للأمثال على باقي المضامين لذلك كثرت فيها معاني النصح والارشاد والتوجيه، وقد وردت الأمثال في المقامات الحريرية على شكلين، الأول: استدعاء المثل بعبارته التامة، والثاني استدعاء المثل عبر تحوير عباراته ليلائم السياق المقامي الوارد فيه.

It does not differ in the normative grmar rules-to some extent-deduced by incomplete extrapolation, which formed the linguistic system in Arabic, so it made us distinguish the eloquent from the most eloquent from the melhon or gay, and we divide the rules on what is the origin and what emerged from it from the branches, which is the subject of our research, because the presence of displacement in the in general, and in the section of the sentence in particular, he took an inimitable look at it, probed its depth, stopped at its limits, controls, parts and divisions with several considerations, and this was interspersed with a detailed grammatical explanation in which we will stand at each of them in this research, God willing.

Obaid bin Al-Abras is considered one of the muallaqat poets in the pre-Islamic era. This research is to stand at the poetic verses in which the prosodic rotation occurs, especially the poems in which this phenomenon is repeated, in order to reach logical answers, about several questions that can be asked , On three levels: (weight, rhyme, and poetic purpose), and the questions lie about the following contents: Is there a relationship between rotation and the type of sea or not? And did the rotation replace the usual verse in the first verse of the poem or not, then the research is in the relationship that links the verse between the rotation and the poetic purpose or the significance that ends it .
We have covered in the following table: the graph in the graph

The study of the sentence in Arabic grammar has a very great significance, as it is one of the pillars of the formation of speech, because grammar is originally based on the structure of the sentence, so we do not imagine a grammar without it, but what draws the attention of scholars is that we lack the ancient grammarians’ attention to the sentence, until we reached that Ibn Hisham, who gave it the priority and noticeable care in his book (Mughni Al-Labib) مغني اللبيب) ) and he repeated it in (Parsing the Rules of Parsing)( الإعراب عن قواعد الإعراب) , but this care seemed to fall short of realizing what was hoped for from studying it, so I begin this research to study the division of the sentence and criticize it in order to correct it.

This research aims to shed light on Al-Sayyab’s position on death, especially in presenting a forward-looking vision of the grave for what will happen to the situation after death, whether it is for the poetic self (me) or for others (the other). His poems, as they are among the most beautiful images despite their darkness and darkness, but no poet can compare with him in covering this aspect and highlighting it. Therefore, the research was divided into three main axes: (the grave itself, the grave of the ego, and the grave of the other).

Talking about desert animals formed a wide presence in pre-Islamic poetry, the poet employed them as a resemblance to the camel, and formulated poetic stories not only with the aim of storytelling, or achieving artistic pleasure, or revealing his knowledge of the world of the desert and animals only, but it turned out that they are symbolic stories used by the poet to broadcast more of his philosophy related to the existential issue, and his position on annihilation and age, and the struggle of man and his struggle in life.

Teaching the branches of the Arabic language separately from each other was a major problem in the educational-learning process. Until the Algerian school adopted the textual approach according to the competencies approach within the framework of educational curricula reform, which considered the text the focus of supportive activities in terms of grammar, morphology and rhetoric without neglecting the communicative aspect. Thus, the teaching of the Arabic language has become based on the idea of the interdependence of the different linguistic branches, based on the rules of cohesion and textual gradation based on the tools of consistency and harmony. Learners acquire knowledge and competencies not to store it.

The issue of balances or comparisons critical can be considered as one of the issues which our old critics cared about and gave it a especial importance in their old works. Its historic roots might be belong to the idea of layers and the humanitarian nature. It started from the preference between tow literary texts to arrive the better work. Then we find Bdawi Tabana compared among the literary texts to explain the importance of the role that comparisons play in criticism, and to achieve the purpose of these comparisons embodied in mixing between texts without merging one with the other.

The search terms revolve around the subject of the grammatical position of the authors of (Footnotes to the Book of Sibawayh) and the grammarians regarding Sibawayh’s statement regarding the ruling on canceling the work of Zaan and its sisters in advance. The positions of grammarians differed, including the authors of the book (Footnotes to the Book of Sibawayh), who filled in and commented on Sibawayh’s grammatical sayings by copying the book. They had a position on what Sibawayh said in the ruling: (Cancellation of the work (Zhann and its sisters) in advance); This research included the position of Ibn Wlad al-Tamimi, al-Akhfash al-Asghar, Abu Ishaq al-Zajjaj, and Abu Omar al-Jarmi - as mentioned in the footnote - regarding Sibawayh’s statement regarding the ruling on canceling the action of “dhana” and its sisters in the event that they occur, taking precedence over those that were performed.
The aim of the research is to reach the position of these advanced scholars regarding Sibawayh’s statement, agreeing and disagreeing, and who among the grammarians was influenced by them and agreed or disagreed with their two statements on this issue.
This research included a presentation of Sibawayh’s saying, which was annotated, then it presented those footnotes that were annotated by Ibn Wulad al-Tamimi, al-Akhfash al-Asghar, Abu Ishaq al-Zajjaj, and Abu Omar al-Jarmi based on Sibawayh’s saying, then consolidating Sibawayh’s saying and the position of these scholars on it, with a presentation of their evidence and study, and then coming up with a conclusion that clarifies The most prominent results of this research.

It should be noted that the idea of origin and branch is the mainstay of the standard process and the basis of the grammatical measurement images has dominated the minds of ancient scientists as well as the modernists, and they paid attention to them and paid them most of their time. The scholar in Arabic will find this obvious in their books. The tracker in the ancient literature will find, along with this phenomenon, a set of terms that revolve around the concept of origin and branch, namely the scattering of origin and alert to it. Alert to the asset, the asset left behind, the deleted, the asset reviewed and the asset returned, including also dead, abandoned, abandoned and desired etc. She tried to trace these concepts of terminology in a section of the banknotes and to highlight them for the reader's explanation of the approach and attitude of scientists.

Language consists of several levels, the phonetic, morphological, grammatical and semantic levels, and each of them complements the other, so there is no need for one level without the other.
The researcher believes that the phonemic assumption is present in certain places in grammar, especially when the grammarian resorts to imposing sounds in explaining some cases when they do not exist.As they imagined the existence of a dam on the maqsour in the case of the noun, accusative and prepositional, as well as their estimation of the movements in the noun connected to the speaking ya’, and that this is considered an assumption that does not exist in reality, except that the results may be correct in comparison with the assumption itself, and it is inconsistent with the reasonable reality, and perhaps the assumption It is to get out of embarrassment when some places are deviating from the rule.
The grammarians were aware of the inconsistency of some phonemic assumptions with linguistic reality. Because they set their rules to the most and justified what was deviant from this many with explanations that were perhaps not convincing and inconsistent with the phonetic reality, especially in the modern perspective, and it is not surprising because the grammarian was forced to direct the abnormal grammatical phenomenon.

The interest of symbolic anthropology has focused on studying symbolic forms represented by metaphorical sayings, as detailed explanatory symbols that map out cultural categories and classifications. There are no longer permanent metaphorical categories in realistic or conventional representation or in the imagination of the creator who creates his own world. The issue of metaphor formation goes beyond language relations in The structure refers to man’s relationships with the worlds that surround him and what is required by the civilizational and cultural context. There are shifts in the metaphorical meaning between truth and metaphor and the space of metaphor itself. Discourse within the framework of metaphor achieves temporal supremacy and sweeps through all periods of time, and it necessarily enjoys a large share of producing competing metaphorical images in space. Literary text.

There were many motives forcing poets to employ common arguments in their poems, especially during the era of the Islamic state of the Almohads. Because the state is in constant wars with the Spaniards and their allies on the level of the external front, and the rebels and those who followed them on the level of the internal front, and thus the poets found in the arguments of participation a good helper for them to convince the Almohad armies of the need to continue fighting to defend the land of Andalusia and to persuade the apostates to return to obedience to the orders of the Almohad state , as well as other topics that poets tried to convince the recipient of, as the arguments for participation have a strong power over the recipient that makes him convinced of the idea of the message addressed to him. It derives its strength from inspiration from the religious, social and literary heritage. Hence, we had a tendency to read poetry in the Andalusian era, according to this method that sheds light on the persuasive function of poetic discourse. The research was divided into a preface and four axes. The preamble came under the title Arguments, Persuasion, and Subscribing Arguments, which clarified the concept of subscribing arguments. As for the axes, they are the first axis, the Qur’anic arguments, the second axis, the noble prophetic sayings, and the third axis, the arguments of moral values and principles. And social in order to make the recipient submit to the persuasive message addressed to him.

While the poetic texts yearn hard to verify the care for style, the fictional texts have become - in the course of their liberation from traditional rhetoric - aspiring to celebrate it with the creative power inherent in it, and we are well aware that there is no (origin) or base , but we know the reversal that accompanies the image and its edges is the initiation of the direction of difference.
It is noticeable that the linguistic and stylistic studies, in which the defense of rhetoric in its old concept based on graphic images prepared has receded, with the aim of coloring the West and the Arabs alike, has receded; To announce the emergence of texts in which the image plays a major role, as it contributes to the generation of ideas and helps by coloring them and giving them a special flavor, which writers yearn to modernize or lead them to a deep vision that is reflected in their works.
In all cases, it is a return to new climates frequented by writers, to transform meaning, to express a situation or events that affect the recipient.
It is a departure from a previous depiction of the world, people, and things, and as long as that is the case, we are in the novel in front of the formation of a scene of people and things in their real space, so the realistic scene miraculously turns into an image despite its blackness, but it refers to the whiteness of expression and the beauty of composition in selecting scenes from the depths of reality. She reads it and questions it, here the creativity of the female writer in the language of poetry is mutually reinforcing, so she summons the dictionaries of cooking, fashion, and etiquette, to compose a tapestry of women's imagination in the pain or fault in the Iraqi pain in the chapters of her novel (The Resurrection of Desires).
Despite the text's serenity and calmness, its scenes refer to the chaos and battles of life. And the poetic touch is similar in dealing with cruelty and ugliness across the scenes of its three chapters. So the method will be upgrading the scene and transcending the meaning, by overcoming its ugliness towards a broader horizon, as the novelist transcends the usual - sometimes - in an effort to cling to the realism of what happened (Those are the cities of the East or Baghdad in particular, the city that does not stop the struggle and the desire for domination between you, so who dominates whom? A city that praises you in one moment, honors you like kings, in one moment overthrows you, and takes you in its arms like a loving mother, a city of that contradicts everything in it, history, geography, tumultuous events, beauty and ugliness, sanctity and immorality, unbelief and faith. She is tempting by her femininity, masculinity, and everything in it)( ).
The writer has conjured up a wound that draws her to vigilance, an idea that is repeated throughout the entire chapters of the novel, gradually between the past and the present, at that time that pressures her, and it is a gradual time in its scene; To form an excuse for his sin, as it is a time of war, so it begins with a scene (the call to prayer for dawn woke me up, the sky is cloudy black), to end it with a scene (I waited for him to call, to bury my feelings in the grave of his disappointment forever)( ).
A novel that explores the beauty of the symbol; To go beyond the single image to the many, and it is no secret that the image, in its essence, is based on a dialogue between the real and the abstract, the material and the human. Memories follow through the scenes of the narrator and the only female narrator in the novel (Layla), so the novel opens with a vast dream and a recall of memory. Its last pages contain another dream related to the memory as well, And between the beginning and the end scenes, it plunged into pain
The truth is that the narration of the resurrection of desires differs in its progression of time, mixing between times, so it sheds the past over the present and the present over the past, in a spectacle of ambivalence, so we are facing the poetry of situations , which is poetry that does not stem from a metaphor, but rather comes from a comprehensive and deep (textual metaphor). It fills us with a general sense of chaos and anxiety and finally an inevitable fate regarding the fantasy of reality. Which summons the far and transfer events. The beauty of the text does not stem from the beauty of the image, but rather from the narrative structure, which has a clear impact on the stylistic structure of the text. War, siege, terrorism, destruction, killing, explosions, phrases like (God is great) and Layla’s eternal love, are a narrative structure that combines contradictions, its beauty in its differences, and announces the novel, but rather reveals distress through traditional means of expression, to announce its celebration of her text as a woman, and perhaps made the blackness of the scenes and the anxiety of reality, to rebuild it. Again, in a different way.

The research aims to explain the changes that occur to the structure in contradiction to the original, and the importance of the distinct model in the Arabic statement _ grammatically, rhetorically and semantically. Some terms that are difficult to differentiate between and their connotations, which requires the researcher's diligence to familiarize themselves with their concepts, comprehend them, and analyze them to find the subtle differences between them, and to avoid the most overlapping terms in the statement of the grammatical structure. For the listener to be able to understand and comprehend the text, and he may dispense with a part of the speech to indicate the context on it.
And its influence on the structure of the Arabic sentence, to be a starting point for extrapolating the hadiths narrated by Aisha bint Saad bin Abi Waqqas throughout the study. And the objection.., so the research came out with a preamble (pronouncer language and idiomatically) (terms related to the pronoun), and the first topic dealt with: (combination incidents in the nominal sentence), and the second chapter: (combination incidents in the actual sentence) and the third chapter: (combination incidents in the semi sentence) Then the study concluded with a conclusion in which the most important results were recorded .

The research tackles the prosodic opinions in Nazek Al-Malaikah’s “Issues in Contemporary Poetry”. I have found her clamping down on free poem poets, depending - mostly - on her own taste, enacting rules for them thinking that that will stop the prosody mistakes that beginners and non-beginners in poetry commit. Of these rules are the following: they are prohibited from using more than one type in one poem and she denies elongating the poetic line by repeating (al tafeila) several times for, according to her, this departs from what is ordinary, she also forbids connecting stanzas and repeating the change of (alkhaban) in (you will do) a lot; she claims that that will make the music of the poem unusual. She also forbids (alwatad) in (al tafaeil) more than often though we do not know what is normal according to her besides other means the reader can notice in the research.
I have followed, in the ordering of the search, the same order of the topics she mentions in her book (Contemporary Poetry Issues), and I have found that it is preferable at the very beginning to talk about, through what is mentioned in her book, the beginning of free poetry and the conditions that help its appearance and the poets who write free poetry before its appearance in 1947 under her and Bader Shaker Al-Sayyab’s supervision. I have argued about, through her writings, who is the first.
I have asked a question and have found that those concerned with poetry have neglected it, which is: How does it work for two poets to write poetry with unprecedented characteristics in one month while they are studying in one place, and each of them reads the poetry of the other, and does not have an epistemological reference helps its existence?

This study is concerned with the term of the oddness in grammar that was called by Ibn Husham Al-Ansary on some of the grammatical issues or some speech modes that differed from the rules of grammar and its regulations and compared it with the rules set out by the other grammarians on the same issues if they are found – such as the infrequent, the irregular, the rare and the weak. The importance of the topic is concerned with identifying the term of the oddness in grammar first, and the accuracy of Ibn Husham’s use of it secondly. Besides his proving a new term in the grammar after being of common use in various sciences.

This research objects that the Arabic creative language has a specificity that derives from its extended collective memory, its cultural and epistemological depth, its mechanism of action and methods of dealing with pronouns, plurals, declension and individuals. Privacy, the first of which is an example of observing the collective meanings, and the second entry revealed rhythm as a poetic basis, and the third examined the mechanism of the work of Deuteronomy in the Arabic creative language, and then ended with the fourth entry that …

This research objects that the Arabic creative language has a specificity that derives from its extended collective memory, its cultural and epistemological depth, its mechanism of action and methods of dealing with pronouns, plurals, declension and individuals. Privacy, the first of which is an example of observing the collective meanings, and the second entry revealed rhythm as a poetic basis, and the third examined the mechanism of the work of Deuteronomy in the Arabic creative language, and then ended with the fourth entry that …

This research proceeds from the concept itinerant of point of view introduced by Iser in the direction of reception theory. Its aims to chart a methodological path in its a critical reading, by assimilating the concept of the itinerant point of view, which is a means to describe the reader's presence in the text. The presence of the itinerant point of view can be traced through four perspectives: the narrator perspective, the characters perspective, the plot perspective, and the imaginary reader perspective. But the privacy of each fictional text can impose an amendment to these four perspectives, or the work requires methodology such as merging the perspective of the fictional reader with the perspective of the narrator and delivering them together in the analytical process. The itinerant point of view can be directed to an effort to assume a convergence between the meaning of the author and the meaning of the reader. At the same time, the exploratory energy stored in this concept is invested in monitoring the fluctuations and diversities of the textual course. And what the literary structure intends to wear in the end.

Since the earliest times, translation has contributed greatly to the scientific renaissance of nations, because of its essential role in transferring science and knowledge from various specializations and among all peoples with different tongues. Hence, this research paper seeks to list the most important professional challenges for the official translation translator in Algeria, starting from recalling the legal and regulatory framework of the profession in Algeria, and detailing the levels of professional challenges in translation, such as translating specialized terminology and proper names, moving on to the difficulties he faces during oral translation. Before the judicial bodies of a court and a judicial council with territorial jurisdiction. It concluded that it is necessary to include standards in specialized translation for students of translation institutes, In addition, preparing the basic law for the profession would reduce the problems of translation and official translators in Algeria, and contribute to its better organization at all levels.

This research, entitled (Functions of Narrator in Kamal Abdul Rahman's Collection of Short Stories The Silent Singer), dealt with the functions of the narrator as a component of the storytelling components, as he is the one who undertakes the task of narrating the story, and determines how it is narrated through it.
In general, the research included two axes: the first is theoretical, and it was represented by a theoretical approach to the concept of the job, the narrator, and the short story, through which we studied the linguistic and idiomatic meaning of each of (the job, the narrator, and the short story), and the task of the narrator and his functions in the literary text.
And the second axis: applied: it included a study of two levels of functions: the first, the informative functions that were defined by the narrative, descriptive, and dialogic functions. The second, the constructive functions, which are identified by the coordinating, indicative, indicative, and expressive functions. Finally, the conclusion, and a list of sources and references.