Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This study was carried out in the laboratories of fish and animal resource center for 90 days in 12 glass aquarium (40cm×30cm×70cm/70 L) to study the possibility of shoring or enrichment low protein diets with omega-3 (PUFA) and its effects on growth indices and some physiological characters of common carp Cyprinus carpoi L., formulated four different treatments with contain of protein 14.71-14.95 and energy between 1464.18-1467.70 K cal. Add fish oil as source of omega-3 at levels 0 T1, 1.5% T2, 2% T3 and 2.5% T4. A 96 fish were used an average weight of 16.19g ±0.45. The fishes distributed on four treatmentshree replicateeight observation for each replicate. The statistical results showed that T3 (2% fish oil) was the best treatment and significant distinction (P<0.05) on treatments T1 and T2 for all parameters which were weigh gain (WG),relative growth rate (RGR), food conversion rate (FCR) andapparent digestible coefficient (ADC), and there were no significant different between T3 and T4 (2.5% fish oil). The statistical results showed that when add fish oil there were improvement in red and white blood cell (RBC and WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin Concentration (Hb).

study carried out to evaluate the quality and freshness of Khishni Liza abu L. preserved under refrigeration at 4±1◦C and treated with 1% chitosan for 12 days. Chemical composition: (protein, lipid ,moisture and ash) Chemical indices: (pH , TVN, TBARS and FFA), sensory indicators (Color, smell, texture and general appearance), microbiological tests (Total count, coliforms, psychrophilic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria and fungi) were estimated. Results showed the feasibility of preserving Khishni fish under refrigeration at 4±1◦C and treatment with 1% chitosan up to 12 days of storage. Changes in sensory, chemical and microbiological properties manifested in untreated fish for 3 days. This indicated the beginning of deterioration and unacceptable appearance. Results demonstrated also the importance of good handling of fish from catching until reaching the final consumer by refrigeration.

A Comparative taxonomy study on four croakers species, Johnius belangerii, Johnieops sina, Pennahia anea and Johnius sp from Iraqi marine waters, North west Arabian gulf was carried out depend on the skeletal feature and swimbladder during the period from December 2009 to November 2010. The results revealed that all species differ in the number of rostral, marginal and mental pores, and in location of mouth and shape of the teeth and the form and number of gill teeth. The inner surface of otolith in P. anea contains oval curved shaped impression (or sulcus) and in other species tadpole -shaped impression. The species differ in the size of head bones, such as premaxilla, maxilla, dentary, articular and angular. The number of vertebras was 24 in each species. The shape of swimbladder in P. anea is carrot-shaped and well developed, and in other species hammer-shaped

The sin croaker, Johnieops sina (Cuvier) from Iraqi marine water was classified based on biometry characteristics, head bones, gasbladder and electrophoretic analysis of lateral muscle proteins by SDS-PAGE during the period from December 2009 to November 2010. The morphometric characters were calculated as numerical ratio to standard length and head length. The indices characters associated with standard length ranged from 7% of eye diameter to 122% of total length, and for head length ranged from 22% of eye diameter to 91% of head depth. The correlation values of most morphometric characters with standard length and head length were high (0.960-0.998). The otolith with a tadpole-shaped impression, of which the head was obliquely truncate and the tail was deepened as a hollow cone. The gasbladder was hammer shaped with 12-14 pairs of arborescent appendages. The number of protein bands in the lateral muscles of J. sina was found to be 5 and their molecular weights were 6.19, 18.19, 7.56, 6.72 and 1.27 μg respectively. The study revealed that the fishes under the study belonged to species sin croacker, J. sina.

Skins of tilapia Tilapia zilli , gas bladders of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and heads of barred needle fish Ablennes hians used as raw materials to produce gelatin. Raw materials washed, cut and treated with sodium hydroxide solution 0.2% (1:6 , W:V) for 50 min. at ambient temperature before washing and treating with concentrated sulphuric acid 0.2% (1:6 , W:V) for 50 min. at ambient temperature. After that, it soaked in citric acid 1% (1:6, W: V) for 50 min. at ambient temperature. Gelatin extracted with distilled water (1:2.5 W: V) for 18 hrs at 45◦C. Refinement, filtration and dehydration processes carried out on gelatin solutions which then grinded and packaged to study the functional properties of the product for the three types. The results indicated that the extracted gelatin was of good quality for functional properties especially viscosity, water absorption, fat binding, solubility, ability for gelatin formation as was as foaming properties and emulsification . Viscosity was 1.47 , 1.14 and 1.08 centipoises for bladders gelatin, skin gelatin and heads gelatin respectively at 30◦C at 1% concentration . The ability of water absorption the higher value was for bladder gelatin 1.8 ml/g then decreased to reach 1.4 and 1.2 ml/g for skin gelatin and heads gelatin, respectively. The extracted gelatin had a great ability for oil binding the value reached 2.1 ,2.1 and 1.9 ml /g for skin gelatin, bladder gelatin and heads gelatin, respectively. Solubility reached 87.64 % , 84.28% and 79.25% for bladders gelatin, skin gelatin and heads gelatin , respectively .The gelatin forming was foaming properties was good especially bladder gelatin which reached the highest value for strong gelatin forming at 3% concentration, for foaming size they reached 70 , 54 and 20 ml for the skin gelatin , bladder gelatin and heads gelatin , respectively .

The use of domperidone was compared with the usually used dose of pituitary gland (5 mg/kg for female and half of it for male) in the hormonal treatment of grass carp, the study was done in one of the private hatchary in Babel province from 27th of April to 1st of may 2012. Fishes were divided into two groups (study T, control Std) (T: 10 mg/kg domperidone with 1.25 mg/kg pituitary gland for female and half of it for male, and Std: 5 mg/kg pituitary gland for female and half of it for male. The female traits that were studied are (response percentage, response time after second dose, eggs weight, fertilization percentage, percentage of eggs weight to female weight, average of egg diameter, eggs number in kg of eggs, dose cost for kg of female, dose cost for kg of eggs) and for males (semen volume, percentage of semen volume to male weight, dose cost for kg of female) that were in the trial group: 100%, 7.48 ±0.20 hours, 0.51 ±0.02 kg, 82 ±2.3%, 0.09 ±0.04, 1.13 ±0.01 mm, 806 ±5 eggs, 425 dinars, 4722 dinars, 5.6 ±1.1 cm3, 1.2 ±0.20 cm3/kg, 213 dinars respectively, while which were in the compared group 100%, 7.49 ±0.08 hours, 0.65 ±0.05 kg, 80 ±3.1%, 0.12 ±0.01, 1.11 ±0.02 mm, 809 ±7 eggs, 1500 dinars, 12500 dinars, 7.6 ±2.3 cm3, 1.4 ±0.6 cm3/kg, 750 dinars respectively.The results show ability to use domperidone with quarter used pituitary gland without effect on results of artificial propagation for production traits for males and females and this made able to reduse cost to 425 dinars for female after it was 1200 dinars and cost for kg eggs was 4722 dinars after it was 12500 dinars and 175 dinars for male after it was 750 dinars.

In the current study, imported frozen fish (Megalaspis cordyla, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Acanthopagrus latus) and imported canned fish (sardines, mackerel and tuna). were used to detect and determine some toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in their muscles. The compounds were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography then concentrations were determined. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons included: naphthalene, indole, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, acenaphthylene, acanaphthene, dibenzofuran + fluorine, anthracene + phenanthrene, fluoranthene, carbazol, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (a) fluoranthene + benzo (k) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, andbenzo(g,h,i)perylene. Results showed that all fish samples contained polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in their muscles, In frozen fish, concentrations ranged from 7.168 μg/kg in Labeo rohita and 13.196 μg/kg in Megalaspis cordyla. And in canned fish samples, the total concentration mean of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was between 12.252 μg/kg in tuna and 28.614 μg/kg in mackerel. Concentrations averages of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were exceed the permitted legal limits that set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Four kinds of fish were used in this study: Bigeye Ilisha megaloptera ,Jaffout Nematalosa nasus,Suboor Tenualosa ilisha and Carp Cyprinus carpio. They were in complet,without heads and viscerals and its by-prouduct.All those samples were in tow types of condition (fresh and frozen).The four kinds of fish were purchas from local market in Basrah city at the south Iraq, The complet fishes after were reached to the laboratory and after they were frozen for one month at -20C°, were used to investegt some of sensory tests. Chemical composition to different samples of fresh and frozen fishes were done and analysis the degree of freshness through a number of chemical indicators.The percent extercd oil for whole fish,fish without head and viscerals and by-produect were (6.08,4.16,4.59)%, (5.86, 3.88,4.22)% consecutively form fresh and frozen Bigeye; (10.71,7.85,7.87)%, (10.18, 2.26, 7.29)% consecutively form fresh and frozen Jaffout; (13.52,11.85,15.98)% , (13.01, 11.25, 15.29)% consecutively form fresh and frozen Suboor and (5.61, 5.68, 7.22)%, (5.16, 5.18, 7.08)% consecutively form fresh and frozen Carp as well as (14.25, 9.62 ,3.56)% and (13.85, 7.75, 1.07)%, for mixture of full, without heads and vescera and by-prodect for four kinds of fish. Crud oils were compared with vegetable oil (olive oil) and animal fat (mutton tial fat mutton). Results were analyzed statistically by using the SPSS program with using (CRD) Completely Randomized Design for dipilcates. The study factors were tested by using Revised Least Significant Different test (R-L.S.D) under significal level (0.05). Results were as fallowed: The effect of type of fish has significant under significant level 0.05 on unsaturated fatty acids monethenoic %MUFA,since the effect of fish shapes was unsignificant on all fatty acid % MUFA. About effect of treatment was no significant difference on fatty acid %MUFA for all oils .while effect of type of fish and kind of treatment were no significant difference on % MUFA of fatty acids which studed in this experiment , Effect of introduction between type of fish and its shapes was significant difference on %MUFA. The effect of introduction between kind of treatment and fish shapes were significant difference on %MUFA. The tri-introdaction have no significant effects on %MUFA. While a source of oil have no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the %MUFA.

Shrimp were used as an addition to increase the palatability of food in addition to feed sequence in young diets common carp Fish Cyprinus carpio L. Two diets were used i.e. standard (1) and the second containing shrimp meal (2), the food rations offered in the following order: the first group were fed diets (1) daily and the second group were fed diets (2) daily while the third group were fed the two diets alternating between day and another, the fourth group were fed alternately between every two days. Fish distributed with an average of 15 fish each for one replicate in glass aquarium with two replicate for each treatment. Fish were fed 5 % of body weight per day for a period of 55 days from 12.05.2012 .Fish weight was measured (average initial 7.85 ± 0.48 gm) in successive periods, in addition to measure chemical composition of the diet and fish. It was found that the use of shrimp meal (5%) gave the highest weight gain (12.2 gm) compared to other treatments, as well as for specific growth rate (SGR) (17.45% / day) while relative growth rate (RGR) was higher in the second treatment (154.74 %) and differed significantly (P <0.05) from the fourth treatment. Also it was found that thermal growth coefficient (TGC) were 0.049 for the second treatment which differed significantly (P <0.05) from the third treatment. It was observed an increase in the fish body protein content in all treatments and ranged from 16.90 to 14.31% while the value before the test was 11.01%. The second treatment recorded the highest rate of food intake (5.54 %) which differed significantly (P <0.05 ) for all treatments .In the current study, the addition of flavoring substances in diet have a significant effect on the use of food while no impact were noticed for the diet sequence .

This research was conducted in Al-Mussaiab district during the last quarter of the last year 2012. Three kilometers far from Al- Mussaiab bridge in Babylon province. The sample included 23 fish cultures, 50% of the total cultures. Results reveled that there was no pollution due to the region, meanwhile the study implied some negative effect of cages on the water purification stations by the odor and taste, in addition the results that all cages projects were of economical benefits depending on economical parameters, money income, total added value and net added value which were equal 2671, 2891 and 2671 million dinars. Projects caused 256 work chances as well the work of project owners with their families.

The present study was conducted on Silurus triostegus in Al-Hilla River/middle of Iraq. Monthly samples were collected from September 2009 to August 2010 . 59 specimens were collected. The highest value of individuals was ( 88.31 )% in May , July and October and none in March. The total length of individuals ranged from 203 -654 mm and wet weight varied between 65.8 and 2024 gm. Length Weight relationship was calculated asS. triostegus n=59R=0.946logw= -4.654+2.819logLGonadosomatic index (GSI) recorded highest value 7.22 for males and 3.88 for females in march . Five age groups were obtained, fishes of 3+ age group was dominant in total catch 33.9. It seems that the food nature of S. triostegus in Al-Hilla river was carnivours with dominance of fish.

The present study aimed to evaluated microbial and physical quality of frozen Rohu fish(Labeo rohita) and mrigal fish (Cirrhina mrigal) that prepared from local markets of Al- Basrah (Al-Ashar , Al-Basrah , Al-Jemhoriae ) ,The samples were collected during December (2011), January , February , April , May , June(2012) . Physical characteristics (pH ,Water Holding Ability and Drip ) were studied and the changes in microbiological indicators (Total bacterial count , Total coliform bacteria , Staphylococcus aureus count , Detection of Salmonella and molds and yeasts count). Were also studied the results showed that there is significant effect of fish species , period and location samples and the interference between fish species and location, and between fish species and period samples and between location and period samples prepared and effect interference between fish species and period samples prepared and ocation the mean value by depending on R. L. S. D. at (0.05)on physical and microbial properties .There is significant differences (P< 0.05) in Water Holding Ability Value , Drip loss and pH to samples to rohu and mrigal fish frozen and prepared from the markets, The results also showed that there is significant effect (P<0.05) in Total bacterial count , Staphylococcus aureus count , molds and yeasts count , but there is no significant effect in Total coliform during study periods

Food habits, natural food and food relationship for thirteen Al-Tharthar canal fish species (Aspius vorax, Barbus luteus, Tilapia zilli, Garra rufa, Cyprinion macrostomus, B. belayewi, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Liza abu, B. grypus, Chondrostoma regium , Chalcalburnus sella land B. barbulus), that occupied (5.65, 13.71, 9.68, 1.61, 5.65, 3.23, 6.45, 16.94, 16.53, 6.85, 7.66, 1.61 and 4.44)% of total catch respectively, collected from Al-Tharthar arm were studied during the period from April to September 2012, by using point and frequency methods. This study is a part of studies on the food habits for freshwater fishes in Tigris River. Food habit for A. vorax was carnivores, for B, luteus, and T, zilli, was herbivores, for C. macrostomus, and B. belayewi was detritivores, and for C. carpio, C. auratus, L. abu , B. grypus , C. regium G. rufa, C. sellal, and B. barbulus was omnivores. Plants particles and seeds was found to be very important in the food of C. sellal 50.60% and G. rufa 35.22%, organic matter in the food of (B. belayewi, C. macrostomus, C. regium , C. auratus, C. carpio, L. abu , and B. grypus) accounted for (52.63, 51.25, 49.59, 39.11, 36.56, 35.60, and 30.63)%of food content respectively, algae for T, zilli 57.84%, B, luteus 55.03%, and G. rufa 36.64% and fish for A. vorax 81.67%. The numbers of significant food interrelationships between fish species were 42 and 63 when calculated on the basis of points and frequency of occurrence methods respectively, with a percentage 53.85% and 89.77% respectively

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) at average weight 32.48 + 3.12 g were exposed to gradual increasing salt concentrations:tap water 0.1(represents as a control),4,8 and 12gm/l.to study the percentage ratio of packed cells volume(PCV%) and the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions in blood plasma. Results showed that the PCV% was increased to 33% ,34% and 39% while the salt concentrations were increased to 4, 8 and 12 gm/l.respectively,in comparison with control(31%).Sodium in blood plasma was increased to134.11,144.42and 153.86 mM/l at gradual salinity increase to 4, 8 and 12g/ l respectively, in comparison with control(126.72 mM/l). Potassium concentrations also increased to 9.08,11.92 and 13.85 mM/l,while the salinity increase to 4,8 and 12g/l respectively,in comparison with control (6.88mM/l). The trial concluded that salt acclimatation was improved the salinity tolerance of gold fish.

This study was carried out to demonstrate the impact of L Carnitine on the growth and someblood biochemical parameters of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) , 96 fish were used with a meanweight of 60±6 g , fish were randomly distributed on four treatment (8 fish in each) and three replicatesfor each treatment were used . Fish were acclimatized to the laboratory condition for two weeks prior to .The experiment the four treatment , were feed as follows: Control (fed on diet without L Carnitine )( C),Fed diet +100 mg/kg L Carnitine (T1), Fed diet +200 mg/kg L Carnitine (T2), Fed diet +300 mg/kg LCarnitine (T3) , Results showed that , growth parameters were higher in T2 compared with C,T1 and T3.Chemical analysis of the muscles showed higher protein concentration and lower fat in all treatments supplemented with L Carnitine compared to the control . LDL(low density lipoproteins),VLDL(very low density lipoproteins) and TG(triglycerides) were lower in the treatment T1,T2, and T3 compared to the control, while HDL were higher . There was no significant different in test of the glucose, TC(Total cholesterol) of blood plasma.

For sixty days, compensatory growth following restriction of food occurs incommon carp Cyprinus carpio. Control were fed to satiation twice a day throughout theexperiment, t1, t2 and t3 were deprived of food for one day, two days and three daysrespectively and fed to satiation twice a day. Initial, median and final weight were taken,the initial weight for treatments t1,t2,t3 and control are 5.89, 5.26, 5.21 and 6.68 gmrespectively, final weight are 8.34 , 5.88, 5.80 and 8.81 respectively ,with weight gain 2.45,0.62, 0.59 and 2.13 gm for these treatments. There were no significant differences in initialweight of fish among treatments groups. Duncan's multiple range test was used to choicethe best one, The final average weight of first treatment fish was significantly than others(P<0.05), but no differ with control treatment. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growthrate (SGR), condition factor were increased in t1 more than others also. Fat decreased in thefirst half of experiment but increased in second half for all treatments.

Eighty Common carp fish Cyprinus carpio were putting in eight 70 liters aquarium. Four treatments with two replicates were used for three weeks, the second treatment used soluble ozone concentration of 0.25 mg/L, the third with concentration of 0.50 mg / l and the fourth with 0.75 mg/L, while first treatment considerd as control without using soluble ozone. Bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila was introduced into water by contaminating water with bacteria at a dose of 107 CFU / 10 liters. Bacteria was counted for all all samples of treatments. Results showed that ozone dissolved in water had very good effect in treatement Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicaemia diseases in common carp by reducing numbers of bacteria A. hydrophila. Third treatment (0.50 mg/L) characterized by highly efficient in improving the health status and immune of fish throw increasing numbers of white blood cells and improving other blood parameters, and this led to increasing survival ratio of fish compaired with other treatments

Seasonal variation of phytoplankton community was studied in Euphratesriver at Al Musayab city. This study was carried out at two stations from 2/ 1/ 2009 to31/ 12/ 2009. Water sample was collected bimonthly to measure: water temperature,PH, salinity and calcium ions concentration, besides identify and the count ofphytoplankton groups. The results showed that water temperature ranged betweenه 11.5 c in January and ه 32 c in August. PH ranged between 7.05-8 while salinityranged between 2.49 1.02 ppt. Calcium ions concentration was between 128.5 48.1mg/ l. 80 species belonged to 42 genus of phytoplankton were recorded at the twostations, including 59 species of diatoms (Bacillarophyta) followed by chlorophyta(13 specie) and Cyanophyta (6 species) and species for both Euglenoaphyta andPyrrophyta. The highest occurrence of species was recorded in fall (49 species ) whilethe lowest was recorded in winter (35 species).The species includes: Occurredthroughout all year seasons.Chlorella vulgaris, Aulacoseira granulata¤ Cyclotella menenghiniana¤ Achanthesminutissima¤ Cyclotella ocellata ¤ Diatoma vulgare ¤ Cymbella cistula ¤ Cocconeispedicul¤ Fragilaria acus¤ Fragilaria ulna¤ Fragilaria ulna var biceps¤ Naviculacryptocephala , Nitzschia palea.The results showed that there was a peak of phytoplankton density in spring (67.8x10ᴈ cell / L) while the lowest density recorded in summer (30.4 x 10ᴈ cell / L). Theresults appeared that there was a decline in phytoplankton density ranged between 2-3times compared with the results in 2002 and 2003 in the same location. Asconclusions, the density of phytoplankton affected by environmental factorsthroughout the seasons of year, besides the occurrence of Zebra mussel in the twostations.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different replacementlevels of fishmeal with Spirulina sp. on growth performance and some blood parametersof common carp Cyprinus carpio L., the trail was conducted for 105 days and for thispurpose 200 fingerlings common carp. Mean initial weight was 32.7g. The fish wereacclimated to laboratory conditions and fed with control pellets (32% crude protein)prior to the feeding trials for 21 days. Five experimental diets were used and Spirulinareplaced fishmeal protein from the standard diet at 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), 15%(T4) and 20% (T5) levels. No differences observed among the treatments in the Liverindex, Gonadosomato index were 6.489, 5.680, 5.339, 4.009 and 3.770 for the (T3),(T4), (T5), (T2) and (T1) respectively, results of statistical analysis showed nosignificant (P<0.05) different among all treatments but the higher value of GSI andLiver index found in T3.

Because of the lack of information about injury or malformation when the cryoprotectantsagent (CPAs) used as cryoprotective agents in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Larvae that resultingfrom treated embryos with different concentration of methanol (5, 10 and 15%) in different stages ofembryonic development (Gastrula, Heart beat and eyed stage) were used. The results showed that therewas negative correlation among the concentrations and hatching rate also malformation status wasnoticed. Higher defects were observed with 15% followed by 10% and finally 5% concentration for allstages. These experiments and control group were cured out under the same conditions.

The present study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes and study the histopathological changes and clinical signs of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp Cyprinus carpio. The study represented by induce the infection of the disease by intramuscular injection of the bacteria in the site of left behind the front edge of the dorsal fin 1-2 cm with dose of 108 cfu/100 gm of fish body weight . distinctive clinical signs of disease were emerged after three days of induction of infection which represented by depression of fish, difficult inspiration ,swimming near the surface ,corrosion of edges and fins, exophthalmia , Ascetic and excessive mucus around the body ,Macroscopic pathological changes shows hypertrophy and congestion of kidney and spleen and necrosis of muscles . As for the histopathological changes of kidney represented by tubular necrosis with cellular infiltration among degenerated tubule and presence of fibrinous exudates in hemopiotic tissues in spleen and presence of focal necrosis in the liver and infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to presence of severe edema between degenerated muscular bands.

In this study sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE)was applied to the lateral muscles proteins of two species from fresh water fishesT. zillii and O. aureus (Cichlidae) (fish taken from Basrah marshes (AI Suawib marsh ) and(AI-Dabab marsh).The eectrophoretic showed that there were deferences in the number ofproteins band of two species 4 protein bands of T. zillii and 3 for O. aureus. The molecularweight of protein bands ranged from 123.296 mg to 18.356 mg for T. zilii and from 73.7 91mg to 16.84 mg for O. aureus. The electrophoretic analysis of lateral muscle proteinsrevealed that SDS-PAGE can be considered agood taxanomic criterion to differentiateamong fish species .

A total of 138 specimens of aquatic birds belong to five bird species; slender-billed gull Larusgenei, little egret Egretta grazetta, little bittern Ardiola ralloides, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and piedkingfisher Ceryle rudis were collected from Al-Mashab marsh north of Basrah province during the periodJuly 2011till June 2012.Contents of their proventriculouses were investigate for the presence of prey fishes,That these fishes may play a vital role of transferring parasitic helminths to the local aquatic birds. Manyfishes species were isolated from the proventricolouses of the examined birds. The percentage of occurrencesof fishes prey in each bird’s species and their relationship with the infection with parasite was estimated.Positive relationship between occurrence of in sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna which harbour Contracaecumsp. larva and infection slender-billed gull, little egret, little bittern and pied kingfisher with adult ofContracaecum spp. was noticed.

This study was carried out to investigate the possible relationships of some morphometrics of gillrakers and intestine with size-related dietary variations in three sympatric freshwater fishes. A total of 245specimens of yellowfin porgy, Acanthopagrus latus, redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zilli and greenback mullet, Lizasubviridis (73, 90 and 82 specimens, respectively) were collected from Shatt Al-Arab River from Sep. 2010 toAug. 2011. To facilitate the follow up of size-related variations, specimens of each fish species were dividedinto three representative size groups. Results of food analysis using the index of relative importance, IRI,indicated noticeable iter- and intra-specific variations in food habits between the examined species, where A.latus demonstrated evident carnivorous mode of feeding, T. zilli was herbivore and L. subviridis was mostlyplanktivore. Feeding mode was reflected obviously on gill arch length, gill raker number, length and width.Liza subviridis was characterized by more numerous (41-42), longer (3.38-5.83 mm) and thinner (0.09-0.14mm) gill rakers, in comparison with other two species. Calculated gill raker gap and filtration area was variedalso between species and size groups reflecting distinctive adaptive mechanisms for feeding modes. Filtrationarea was smaller in the planktivore L. subviridis (108.9-195.5), medium in the herbivorous T. zilli (151.7-267.5) and larger in the carnivore A. latus (174.4-331.2 mm2). Relative gut length, RGL, showed relativelyopposite trend appearing larger in T. zilli (1.86-3.11), medium in L. Subviridis (1.89-2.51) and smaller in A.latus (0.9-1.06). All the studied morphometrics exhibited reasonable correlations with fish size denotingpossible ontogenetic food shifts in these species.

Fish species content structure of Tigris river crossing Mosul city had been studied from Al-Rasheadiea region noruthly to Nivava bridge in the south with classification index for the species ,genius ,and families depending on morphological and dissecting and rays in different fins, the number of scales above and down lateral line, pharyngeal characteristics such as barbells number, total length, standard length, spines teeth number, gill rackers and the number of serrates in dorsal spine. There are 22 species related to 16 genius of 8 families, of them 15 species were related to cyprinidae family and the Chondrostoma regius species was the dominant among the caught during this study.

Kuwait's 2011/2012 shrimp catching season commenced on 1 August 2011, and ended on 31 January 2012. Fishermen landed 1,507 t of shrimp, with 10,760 boat-days of United Fisheries of Kuwait (UFK) effort. When compared to the previous season, this represented 25, 21 and 3% increases in landings, effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE), respectively. Despite the 25% increase in landings, this is well below the long-term average of 2,024 t. The 2011/12 landings were dominated by the dhow fleet, which landed 56% of the 2010/11 shrimp catch and accounted for 59% of the total effort in UFK boat-days. Landings by UFK vessels consisted of 53% Penaeus semisulcatus and about 47% Metapenaeus affinis. Landings by unlicensed dhow-boat accounted for 69% of the total dhow-fleet shrimp landings during the 2011/12 season. Forty-three percent of the shrimp landings originated from waters outside Kuwait’s jurisdiction. Since 2010, Kuwait’s shrimping fleet has undergone change. Formerly, the fleet consisted of 35 industrial steel-hull trawlers and 25 dhow boats. Currently, there are 71 vessels licensed to trawl for shrimp: 8 industrial boats and 63 fiberglas dhows. This change was accomplished by replacing the industrial boats with fiberglass dhow boats at a ratio of 1 to 1.4 ± 0.2 industrial boats to dhows. The total non-shrimp catch (by-catch) landed by the industrial fleets was 255 t. The UFK boats accounted for 143 t, while the National Fishing Company boats landed 112 t. Crabs dominated the UFK by-catch landings with 56 t. The total effort of the 2011/12 season was greater than that required for maximum optimum economic and biological yields. Preventing unlicensed dhow boats from shrimp trawling should be a management priority for future seasons.

This study was conducted in random sample of fifteen hatcheries at Babylon province to bestudied and evaluate them technically during the period, from mid-January 2009 to mid-May 2010. Theresults, for the technical aspect showed that: 1-The total water surfaces of the hatcheries varied from 15–140 dounem, while the surfaces of brood stock ponds are 2.5–11 dounem, which represent only 7% of thetotal surfaces and the production of fingerlings from 3.5 to 7.7 million per season. 2- There are noproportional between the water surfaces of the ponds (in some of these hatcheries) and the hatchingsystems (no. of zug jars) which has a negative effects on their production. 3- There is a great frailty inbrood stock management at the majority of these hatcheries (selection, quality. numbers, rearing andnutrition) which lead to a reduction of their production. The average weight of Brood stock L dounemwas 1077.5 kg with an average food (0.37-0.6 kg./ fish/season). The mother fish used for inducedspawning from the total number were only (47%) ,and the eggs produced was (13%) of female weight. 4-The design of the hatcheries buildings is far away of the requirements like; high of the building, watersurfaces, filters, and the insides ponds of the brood stock ,which affected the number of the brood stockused for the artificial reproduction and the quantity of eggs, larvae and fingerlings produced. 5- Thedensity of larvae stocking was (1.7 million/ dounem) for common carp and (1.4) for grass and silvercarp. The survival rate of the reared larvae was very low due to the bad management of their ponds (21%for common, 13% grass and 14% for silver carp). 6- The number of fingerlings produced for each 10 zugjars was 0.505 million and 0.76 million for each 100 kg of mother fish. 7- The education level of thepersons administrated these hatcheries has a clear effects on the different cycles of the production in thesehatcheries.

The common carp Cyprinus carpio L was exposed to different concentrations of pollutant Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) of gas oil fuel . There concentrations were 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 , 2.5 , 5 and 10% .Determining the LC50 , LC100 and LC0 for the fish in the pollutant . They were 2 , 10 and 0.50 % respectively .Studding the acute effect of WSF on the common carp for the effect were noticed during 0 , 4 , 15 , 30 , 45 and 120 days. Study include :Histological aspects gross lesions of the gills, liver , spleen, kidney , intestine , muscles and brain of the common carp reflects the acute effects of the gas oil fuel on fish