The Arab Gulf

Abstract:
Any nation's combat doctrine describes how it will approach and behave in combat with the enemy, regardless of whether this behavior has been explicitly stated in the military strategy or is merely hypothetical at this point and will be handled in accordance with the yellow and red danger circle principle in the future. Regarding the Iraqi military strategy The Iraqi military combat doctrine was unable to meet the demands of the security situation after 2003 and up until the occupation of Mosul and the other cities in western Iraq in June 2014 for a number of reasons that were identified in the research, the most significant of which was that it was defensive based on the reaction to a specific and limited action in the beginning it's up, this research identified a number of factors that contributed to the Iraqi military combat doctrine's inability to meet the demands of the security environment, the most significant of which was that it was defensive in nature and initially based on a reaction to a single, limited action. As a result, the enemies were able to identify and predict the Iraqi response, which allowed the terrorists to maneuver and further their criminal objectives. As a result, the prior battle doctrine of the Iraqi armed forces did not clearly define the initiative and preemption against the enemy. With low morale and a high level of irritation and hostility, the military establishment was left with an unacceptable reality, few options, and a limited amount of time, particularly given the insurgents' advance on Baghdad. Following the development of the popular mobilization and the issue of the religious authority in Najaf Ashraf, for the fatwa jihad kifaeai, a number of government actions and decisions in favor of change were taken. And support a combat doctrine that can engage the enemy by changing the combat doctrine from defensive, going to be a reaction to a proactive offensive, and at that, victories came after victories, reaching the final elimination of ISIS and declaring victory against it at the end of 2017, the research delves into the impact and influence In those victories by evaluating the outcomes of the change in the Iraqi combat doctrine and the prospects for that now an option.

Abstract:
The Arab nationalism movement that arose at the end of Ottoman rule and demanded either complete independence for the Arabs or decentralization within the Ottoman Empire drew support from Iraqis, whether they lived in Istanbul or Iraq. It was founded in Istanbul in 1913 by Aziz Ali Al-Masry, Salim Al-Jazaery, Taha Al-Hashemi, and Nuri Al-Saeed. This group sought to establish a local Arab government, recognize Arabic as an official language, and collaborate with Turks in formulating the general policy of the state.

Abstract:
This study examines the nature and significance of the economic aspect, which was the most significant spark for the start of many revolutions and upheavals that people saw, particularly in recent history. Consequently, the study clarifies the logical impacts of the economic factors in a local rebellion that Iraq experienced in the 1930s in a southern city that is tiny in size but has significant effects on the country overall political and social situations. The revolutionary movement is strong and well-known since it upended the state at the time. This revolutionary movement also benefited from popular, clan, and ideological backing as seen by its reliance on the endorsement of the local religious establishment in Najaf. The study was based on two axes: the first looked at the state of the economy and how it affected the involvement of Iraqi tribes in the political unrest of the 1930s; the second focused on the effects of the state of the economy and the clans' use of violent conflict with the government. The research used a range of sources to gather its historical data, foremost among them being the unpublished records, which are the documents of the Iraqi royal court, as well as academic theses, studies, and research.

Abstract:
The urge to offer a small contribution to research on Al-Maarri, writings on him, or examinations of his persona and writings has grown. However, it is content to discuss the political and historical elements of his works of literature, which inspired us to examine this subject in this semester. (the historical argumentative and literature… as stated by Abu Alaa Al-Maari) History, political history and philosophy of history. When I read Al-Maarri’s literature and reviewed the studies that dealt with it and revolved around it, I found a host of names, terms, information, events and novels that historians are unable to access, document and explain. After a research trip, the research classified into two chapters and a conclusion: The first chapter dealt with (Abu Alaa's political era... and the historical argumentative and literature), and it included two sections, the first one is about (Al-Maarri's era... and the historical argumentative and literature in its effects) and the second one dealt with (Abu Alaa Al-Maari...between literature and history). As for the second chapter, it dealt with (Al-Maarri. between the perspective of literature and the eyes of history), and it included two sections, the first section studied (Abue Al-Alaa literature.. and the eyes of history), and the second one was about (Abu Al-Alaa literature… and depicting the events of history). As for the conclusion, it briefly reviewed what was included in the research. As for the sources and references, in the forefront of which are Al-Maarri’s poetic collections and letters, in addition to a lot of research and studies.

Abstract:
The Holy Qur'an embodies the end, the method, and the purpose of approaching Allah Almighty's satisfaction. It is the strongest example of eloquence that Arab scholars have ever cited. The Quran transcends common language through its use of language and style, as well as through its laws and abstract communicative function. The interpretation of the Quran by Sheikh Shaarawy (may his soul rest in peace) was used as an example and a model in the current study because it simulates the language of the time and represents Shaarawi's knowledge of the books and writings of earlier experts in this field, his great knowledge of the sources of human knowledge of various sciences, and his contemporary vision that is consistent with the mentality of contemporary man. And because the volume of the interpretation is large, the study focuses on Surat Al-Baqara. In his interpretation, Shaarawi addressed many linguistic and morphological issues showing the accuracy of Qur’anic expression and the beauty of style. His views often deviate from the approach familiar to commentators and linguists, and this kind of departure is creative. This style has an impact on the receiver because it often directs attention from the literal linguistic connotation to the general manifestations that are not pronounced but lie behind the text. By looking deeply into Shaarawi’s views that he has understood previous opinions, benefited from them and reproduced them, even if he did not express this, the study came out with a set of results. The study follows the descriptive and analytical approach in reaching Shaarawi’s views.

Abstract:
The scenes in Amal Al- Zahawi's Diwan (the Fedayee and the Beast), in which tears are present and the manifestations of the woman's world and her interactions with the universe and others, reflect wishes and frustrations. So, crying is demonstrated in the context of love by stating that it is an action to represent an experience that raises the ego to the point of crying, where it is provoked by a pain in which it is psychologically alienated in her relationship with the other. As the act of crying and tears express as a symbol of her need for him spiritually and physically by illuminating unique reservoirs in her conscience that relive the depth of the intense relationship with him, crying is also demonstrated in the context of friendship. It stirs the soul when he is gone; making the description of the loss you feel when you are far away obvious, where there is intense suffering that is expressed through crying and the accompanying tears. Crying was described in the context of time as a symbol that demands unique values in functions that ask for the movement of sentiments that arouse the self over the course of time. The saying of crying comes to stress its affiliation with a condition of profound psychological rupture. The results of the picturing sequences experiences have been ruminated in his movement.

Abstract:
The paper aims at studying the importance of the poetic witness and its scientific and artistic status in various studies within various fields of knowledge, and its adoption by scholars of interpretation, speakers, linguists, grammarians, rhetoricians and critics. Their studies were filled with a lot of poetic evidence, which they adopted in their studies according to certain regulations; their purpose is to consolidate the rules of the sciences that they studied.

Abstract:
Pragmatics appeared, as one of the linguistic theories, which is concerned with the science of linguistic usage, and its usage applications, in the fields of textual creativity, and its transformation from a textual structure into a using vision, or an achievement trait as it is called by specialized linguists. The pragmatic theory has been described by some theorists and researchers as a (wastebasket) in which linguistic issues that are difficult to be comprehended and understood. This saying has a great deviation from the truth and from the scientific importance of the pragmatic theory, in the reality of its important usage situation in linguistic studies; therefore, the researchers found that the exposure to this subject requires a scientific study.The first chapter included the theoretical framework which states the importance of the research. The research aims to identify the intellectual and philosophical approaches to the pragmatic theory, through its most prominent scholars as well as a definition of the most important terms mentioned. As for the second chapter: the theoretical framework, it includes two sections, the first one explained the intellectual data for pragmatics. To do so, the two researchers reviewed the historical roots of the pragmatic theory, the conditions of its inception, and its intellectual premises. The second topic included the philosophical references for pragmatics, and it includes a review of the most important pragmatic media, and their philosophical visions. Then the researchers have got a set of results and conclusions, the most important of which are:
1. Pragmatic theory is a subfield of linguistics and is the most critical and dominant field in reality and is considered a specialty in itself.
2. Pragmatic language is more than just a representation of ideas; speakers use, but it to communicate with each other to influence listeners.
3. Pragmatics is based on the language user who does not invoke influences on the audience or the larger social and cultural context in which the language is used.
The study concluded with the most important Arab and foreign sources and references.

Abstract:
The history of a nation is the fundamental memory that forms the basis of its mental and emotional constitution. Its enduring cultural legacy gives its existence credibility and depth. Generations are therefore intrigued by their ancestry and cultural past, aware of the bravery of their ancestors, and motivated to learn from it. Throughout the ages, theatre writers cared about the cause of (historical consciousness) and expressed it in their theatrical texts, which began from the first stage age that appeared in the Greeks about 400 years ago BC to our present era. The Arab theatre book on their peers in the world does not distort their interest in the cause of (historical consciousness) by which they studied the history of their Arab and Islamic monarchy and inspired rich material that they have written in their theatrical texts. (Sultan Al-Qasimi) as one of the Arabic writers who employed the cause of (historical consciousness) in his theatrical texts to marry the issues of Arab and Islamic history from which he drew his texts and the issues of the contemporary nation that he embodied in his theatrical texts from the perspective of his consciousness

Abstract:
It becomes clear from the narrations and the sayings of scholars that the mother has the right to custody of her child, whether male or female, and the ruling on custody differed for the mother, is it an obligation or a right? It seems that it is a right and does not drop except by her choice. The mother’s custody of the male child is two full years, and the custody of the girl is seven years. In the event of the death of one of the parents during the custody period, or the loss of some of the custody conditions, the right of custody is forfeited from him or her and transferred to the other one, and the father is obligated to the child during the entire period of custody, and in the event that the father is lost or is poor, the alimony must be paid to his fathers, even if it is much money. The custodial mother may not travel with the child to a country without his /her father’s consent, and the father is also not permitted to travel there as long as he is in the custody of his mother, and her right to custody is forfeited if she violates one of the conditions specified by law (Sharia).

Abstract:
The Iraqi society, after 2003, suffered from sectarian fanaticism, sectarian strife, and the consequent crisis of confidence between the foundations of the state and the ruling parties, loss of lives and destruction of infrastructure as a result of terrorist acts. The Iraqi society has to be the best able to overcome the trials and tribulations that beset Iraq. The Iraqi society is characterized by ethnic, religious and cultural diversity which requires from the members of the society to spread a culture of moderation, tolerance and peaceful coexistence because it is one of the priorities of building and advancing society.

Abstract:
This paper aims at studying and analyzing duration of the Mediterranean depression accompanying with the Sudanese depression over Iraq and according to the points of entry into Iraq (the northwest direction and the western direction), whether in the case of extension or in the case of secondary centers. This has been done via analysis of weather maps of the surface level (1000) millibars and the upper levels, whether the transverse waves, grooves, or dents are in the level (500) millibars, or the semi-polar jet stream in the level (300) millibars, or the semi-tropical jet stream in the level (200) millibars, and for the night observations (0Z) for the two cycles (1950-1961) and (2009-2020) and calculating the amount of difference between the two cycles to know the impact of climate change on that case.

Abstract:
This study aims at revealing the local variations in the climatic characteristics of the remote stations operating in Basra Governorate which include Al-Hussein quarter station, Basra International Airport station, and Faw meteorological station, which is affiliated with the Iraqi Meteorological Authority. The climate in it, especially the elements of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and dusty weather phenomena are due to the localized nature of the stations. The Al-Hussein neighborhood meteorological station was characterized by high temperatures and low rates of relative humidity compared to the airport and Faw stations because of its location inside the city and its impact on the characteristics of the urban climate. Faw station was characterized by lower temperatures compared to the two stations. The high rates of relative humidity and the low recurrence of dusty weather phenomena are due to its location near the Arabian Gulf and the nature of the wet soil. As for the airport station, it was characterized by low rates of relative humidity and low rates of temperatures, especially for the small, high rates of wind speed and the recurrence of dusty phenomena due to the desert nature and the nature of sandy soils that cause these characteristics and therefore you can see that there are clear local climatic variations in the characteristics of the Basra governorate, and it is preferable not to generalize by adopting one-stop readings for climatic studies in particular and geography in general.

Abstract:
China can be considered as one of the most important active forces in the international arena at the economic, political, technological and military levels because of its material, moral assets and capabilities that helped it consolidate its soft power through which it seeks to expand its influence at the regional and international levels including the Islamic Republic of Iran. As China worked to employ its power, the soft power in a manner serves its geopolitical orientations in Iran because it has a geopolitical importance apart from its resources, components and economic wealth. In addition to its geographical location and its watery view, it has a global project (the Belt and Road). Therefore, China quickly expanded the influence of its soft power in it through its cultural, intellectual and economic tools, as well as its foreign policy, China has worked on concluding many Chinese-Iranian economic agreements that helped strengthen its soft powers in Iran, as well as the economic, social and political benefit that accrues to both countries.

Abstract:
The study aims to know the concept and classification of construction industries and their importance in Basra Governorate, their geographical distribution and industrial diversity. These construction industries, in addition to the presence of infrastructure, especially in the industrial areas, as the total number of establishments in the province for construction industries reached (1129) establishments that concentrate the most construction industries in Al-Zubair district with a percentage of (27.7%), and the Basra district came in second place with a percentage of (16) The district of Abu Al-Khasib ranked third (11.2%), the district of Qurna ranked fourth, with a rate of (10.9%), and the district of Madina ranked fifth with a rate of (9.7%), and then Al-Sadiq district (p) ranked the sixth with a rate of 6.4%, Shatt Al-Arab district with a rate of 6.2%), the Hartha district with a rate of (5.0%), and the Al-Deir district came in the ninth place with a rate of (4.8%), and finally the Faw district ranked last with a percentage of (1,5%). From the statistical analysis, it was found that the construction industries are characterized by industrial diversity, as the diversity index reached (0.74), and the administrative units in the governorate varied in the degree of diversity that ranged (0.15 - 0.77) and the degree of industrial association, which ranged between (0.5) – 2.0).

Abstract:
This study aims at evaluating the qualitative characteristics of the liquefied water flowing from the Al-Badaa Canal towards Basra areas during the year 2020, as well as comparing the physical and chemical characteristics according to Iraqi specifications for the quality of drinking water .Samples of liquefied water were compared in 4 locations for the distribution of liquefied water based on the project, which receives its water from the Al-Badaa canal within the borders of Basra province, in terms of salinity(electrical conductivity and total dissolved substances) and physical and chemical elements, it was found that the liquefied water in the studied neighborhoods along the province of Basra.The research relied on ten elements to determine the water quality and calculate the water quality guide WQI, was relying on water samples for water projects that receive water from the imam Abbas Water Project(P), which is fed directly from the project of Al-Badaa water, in order to evaluate the water of the liquefaction networks that depend fully or partially on Basra or most of it was higher than the Iraqi standard specifications for drinking water except for hydrogen, and the indicators varied between the stations studied during four seasons of 2020.

Abstract:
This study aims to shed light on the issue of economic dependency in the Iraqi economy, which was demonstrated through the use of indicators of economic dependence up until Iraq's dependence on the outside world reached 99%. It is possible that this is because the Iraqi economy is unilateral because it is reliant on oil. Excessive dependence necessitates that decision-makers in Iraq take this issue into account and work to find solutions, including stimulating local and foreign investment and removing barriers to it, as well as a true trend toward diversifying the components of the gross domestic product.

Abstract:
This research aimed to identify the effect of cooperative learning in developing academic achievement among second-intermediate students in the subject of social studies. The quasi-experimental approach is also the closest to achieving the research objectives.
In light of these results, the most important recommendations were made:
1. Emphasizing the necessity of using cooperative learning for its importance in increasing students’ achievement in the intermediate stage and reaching the desired goals in the educational process.
2. The Ministry of Education conducts in-service training courses for social teachers and trains them on the use of cooperative learning by preparing a guide explaining how to use this learning.
3. The directorates of education, with specialized supervision, encourage male and female teachers not to limit themselves to the usual methods of teaching, and the necessity of following up on new modern methods that have proven their effectiveness in raising the levels of achievement of students.