Kufa Journal of Arts

This paper aims to present the new method used in Iraq to teach

Grammar. Although the curriculum is now completely different from the traditional one, it is still based on the exam-based system. The new

middle and high school curricula focus on the communicative approach. But the question here is whether this book will

help students interact with each other inside and outside the classroom. Due to the
broad areas of grammar, the research will study teaching

conditional clauses as a sample. Therefore, this study will exclusively examine

the teaching of conditional clauses in Iraq compared with teaching conditional clauses in Iraq

the United Kingdom. In this study, two textbooks were selected to analyze

conditional clauses in terms of whether they are based on raising awareness

of C-R features or not. The first book from Iraq, English for Iraq (2013),

is used as a textbook and is designed for upper secondary schools, sixth

preparatory. The second book is the upper

The purpose of the current research is to study the impact of the quality of work life on evaluating the performance of the educational organization. The research was based on two variables that interact with each other to form the intellectual framework, namely (quality of work life and organizational performance). The research relied on a sample of (122) administrative leaders in the colleges of the University of Kufa. The importance of choosing these organizations lies in the fact that they occupy a great and exceptional importance in the national economy through the outputs of these organizations and the provision of services to the Iraqi community. These organizations also have a stable functional and academic staff to some extent. They are characterized by great similarity in the nature of their tasks, goals, and organizational structures, and the nature of their services that concern a large segment of society. The research used the questionnaire as a primary tool for collecting data and information in addition to personal interviews. Various statistical tools were also used to analyze and process data and information using ready-made statistical programs such as (SPSS). The importance of this research lies in the fact that it attempts to come up with an intellectual foundation for the nature of the research variables based on the practical reality of the quality of work life and its ability to improve the performance of the organization. The research concluded that there is a correlation between the dimensions of the quality of work life, which confirms the coherence of these dimensions with each other. It also concluded that there are correlations between the dimensions of organizational performance (customer, growth, learning and operations) with each other, which confirms the homogeneity of these dimensions, in addition to the existence of a significant impact of the quality of work life in improving the performance of the educational organization.

There are many Arab translators who were interested in translating the works of Hafez Shirazi, including: Ali Abbas Zuleikha, Muhammad Nour al-Din Abdul-Moneim, Ahmad al-Tawili, Kazem Kamouneh, Fakhri Bush, Nabil Karim al-Mandlawi, Sayyid Muhammad Salih Bahr al-Ulum, Muhammad al-Amin, Abdul Karim al-Yafi, Marwan Attia, Talal Majzoub, Abdullah Khalidi, Muhammad Ali Shams al-Din...; Arab writers believe that Hafez Shirazi is the first poet of love in Persian literature, and even in world literature. His fame has spread far and wide, and his poetry has traveled with travelers, due to its spiritual pleasure...; and that his poetry is a true festival of meanings, images, ideas, and feelings, in which the wailing of the nightingale is mixed with the ululations of the breeze that rushes to kiss the mouths of the basil and rub its pink petals. Hafez's poetry is also a shining manifestation of Islamic literature, a manifestation of purity and true love, and a pioneering voice for freedom, jihad, and rising up against the forces of evil. His ghazals are among the most beautiful fields of art and human perfection, which has prompted Arab translators to rush to translate them day after day. With the existence of diverse translations, you find translations of his works throughout time. • Egyptian writers and translators occupy the first place in terms of their interest in Hafez and the translation of his works. The Egyptians also had the advantage of precedence, and still do, in the Arab efforts that were made and are being made in the service of introducing all Persian poets, both ancient and contemporary. • Hafez's share of Arab writers' interest in Iranian literature is very small. Most translations of his works come within the framework of selections of Persian poetry and not independently. We hope that Arab writers will take more and more care of this great poet in the Islamic world, and will strive to introduce him in the Arab world in particular. • There are many errors in the Arabic translations of Hafez Shirazi’s poetry collection, including semantic and stylistic errors. Some Arab translators who know the Persian language well, such as Dr. Victor Al-Kik, have excelled in translating Hafez’s poems. Given that most of the translators of Hafez’s works know the Persian language, and have translated his works directly from the mother tongue, and their translations were not without some errors that would harm the value of Hafez’s poems, this must be taken into account. • Hafez Shirazi influenced many Arab writers, and this influence was directly evident in the poems of some of them, such as: Muhammad Ali Shams al-Din (the Lebanese poet), Hussein Mujib al-Masri (the Egyptian poet and writer), and others composed poems about Hafez and wrote about him, praising him, such as: Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati (the contemporary Iraqi poet), Salah al-Sawi (the Egyptian poet and writer), and others. • Some Arab scholars do not have sufficient knowledge of the Persian language and have translated Hafez Shirazi’s poems in prose or verse, but they have sometimes not been successful. Among them are: Omar Farroukh, Abdul Karim Al-Yafi, Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi, and George Khalil Maroun.

It is clear from the above that rhythmic parallelism, in its two types, contrastive and balanced, is an important element of musical and semantic enrichment. The Imam (PBUH) was aware of this matter; therefore, his texts in Nahjul Balagha were full of parallelism. This was evident through his choice of appropriate words and grammatical structures, which provide the text with an internal rhythm that is in harmony with the meaning intended to be conveyed to the recipient. It is clear from the previous texts that the Imam was keen to color the rhythm and not limit himself to one type of verbal music; because he was fully aware that diversifying the rhythm has an impact on the acceptance and reception of the text. It makes the recipient drawn to the text, not neglecting it for a moment; since the transition from one note to another represents a stylistic stimulus that keeps the recipient connected with the text throughout the reception process. In doing so, he gave his literary heritage his own special imprint that distinguishes it from others, and even places it at the top after the Holy Quran and the words of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH).

The importance of identifying the surface drainage patterns of virtual valleys through DEM files in the study area, which is an important agricultural area in Diwaniyah Governorate, comes from the fact that it gives a clear picture of the areas of surface water collection, which are areas for feeding groundwater. It also indicates areas of high humidity in the soil as they are low areas. This is important in agriculture, especially since the area has a dry climate. This affects the increase in the percentage of salts in humid areas in the summer due to the evaporation process or the increase in the percentage of humidity in the winter due to the accumulation of rainwater to the extent that plants cannot tolerate it on the other hand. This is also important in irrigation operations and their quantities. In addition, knowing the flow directions is important in implementing irrigation and drainage projects for this area, in which agricultural activity is an important activity. From the above, the research problem becomes clear, which can be formulated in the form of questions, namely: 1- What are the surface drainage patterns of virtual valleys in Al-Shamiya District? 2- What are their ranks, numbers and lengths? 3- What are the flow directions in this district? The hypothesis comes to answer that the surface drainage patterns must be of the type that depends on geological and topographic homogeneity due to the homogeneity of the study area in that, and the most important of these patterns is the tree pattern. The research methodology relied on automated geographical analysis using the computer, relying on DEM files with an accuracy of 30 meters and the Arc GIS 10.3 program and the Hydrology extension. As for the research boundaries, Al-Shamiya district is located between latitudes (320345) and (313000) north, and longitudes (443000 and (444652) east, Map (1). This district consists of three districts: Al-Mahnawiyah, Al-Salahiyah, and Ghammas district, in addition to the center of Al-Shamiya district, which is in the middle of the district. The district is bordered to the east by Al-Sunniyyah, Al-Shafi’iyah, and Al-Sudair districts, to the north by Babylon Governorate, to the west by Najaf Governorate, and to the south by Al-Shanafiyah district. It is thus part of the flood plain within the Middle Euphrates region.

Criticism of one of the ecological The last debates in literary criticism is the relationship between man and the environment, plants and animals, and based on this theory between the poet and nature, there is a two-way coherent relationship that affects each other. The use of nature and fabric in literature is one of the prominent features of poets, which, through the cultivation of its language, adds to the beauty of the work and makes the reader more easy in terms of understanding and pleasure. Javad Jamil and Taher Saffarzadeh Among the diverse uses of various original Persian and Arabic poems, which use elements such as sun, rain, tree and flower in the Divan with different interpretations of human interaction with the environment has been emphasized and has served as a universal message for good environmental communication. In this regard, the authors of this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, have prepared data about man and the environment in the poetry of Javad Jamil and Taher Saffarzadeh.

The Quranic supplication is characterized by its artistic expression, its rich style, and its precise formulation. This article aims to study the stylistic level of the syntactic level in the Quranic supplication, which plays an important role in the structure of the supplication and its syntactic components, using the descriptive analytical approach. The results of the research indicate that the syntactic features in the supplication are manifested in the use of performative and declarative sentences, the employment of nominal and verbal sentences, their connection to the type of supplication, and the diversity of its forms, such as command, prohibition, and interrogation. The choice of words and sentences was not a coincidence, but rather they were characterized by precision and a strong impact on the recipient, and that the artistic harmony appeared between the sentences and their meanings in a clear manner.

The research deals with the policy followed by the Ottomans, who established their emirate at the end of the thirteenth century, as one of the border emirates that emerged in conjunction with the weakness and collapse of the Seljuk state, towards the Anatolian emirates, which numbered about sixteen emirates that had the status of emirates during the reigns of the two princes Osman and his son Ertugrul, and then turned into a state during the reign of Sultan Murad I. The Ottomans wanted to unify Anatolia and subject it to their sovereignty, although their emirate was the smallest of the aforementioned emirates in area, the least populated, and the weakest in power. They took the first step towards achieving this goal in 1345 when Prince Orhan was able to annex the Karasi emirate to his emirate. Three stages can be pointed out that the Ottoman policy towards the Anatolian Emirates went through: the first stage was the stage of peace with the Emirates while not missing the opportunity for expansion if it was available, and this stage included the reign of the two princes Osman and his son Orhan. As for the second stage, it includes the reign of Sultan Murad I, and it was characterized by an attempt to make the Anatolian princes subordinate to the supreme authority of the Ottoman state without ending their emirates politically, and the Sultan followed the method of enticement and intimidation to achieve his goal. As for the third stage, which includes the reign of Sultan Bayezid I, it was characterized by the rapid annexation of the lands of those emirates and ending them politically.
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The unconscious is a collection of sign elements, which are the result of an unfulfilled desire. In his psychoanalytic questions, Jung considered the unconscious to be a suitable platform for the development of ancient patterns. Ancient forms are common forms that originated from early periods and were passed down from generation to generation, and now they are in the subconscious. Jung divided the subconscious into two forms, personal and collective, in his opinion, the collective unconscious is a good tool for the ancient analysis of the pattern, because it contains a super-personality and has common intellectual and cultural backgrounds. A typical example of the collective unconscious can be seen in the ancient Phoenix pattern in the lyrics of Adonis. Adonis, dissatisfied with the conditions of his society, chooses the Phoenix myth, which is a revolutionary symbol against the current Arab civilization, to return to the past, which is believed to be the poet of the Venetian civilization. In this research, the level of conformity of the Phoenix myth with Jung's unconscious is studied, as well as the different types of the ancient Phoenix pattern, including the shadow, mask, psyche, and hero under the collective unconscious.

Each book has its own features that attract the attention of the careful reader, including the book Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil by its famous author, the Chief Justice Nasir al-Din al-Baydawi (d. 685 AH). This interpretation, which is considered one of the most important interpretations that has been accepted by the Muslim public for what it contains of arts that include many of the virtues of other interpretations, has received attention, explanation and teaching in religious institutes from the farthest reaches of India to the farthest reaches of Morocco, headed by Al-Azhar in Egypt and Al-Zaytouna in Tunisia for several centuries. It is one of the most famous books of interpretation, the most comprehensive in its statements, the easiest to handle and the clearest in its expression with a summary and brevity, and is considered one of the most important books of interpretation. From this standpoint, the current research is unique in its interpretation in terms of subject and methodological course through the personality of al-Baydawi and his writings, including the interpretation referred to in terms of status and scientific importance; and his interpretive approach based on it by most scholars.

1- The speech is in fact a means and not an end, the purpose of which is to convey the intended to the other, so the intended is the end. 2- When contemplating the Quranic speech and examining the verses of the Holy Quran, we see that its calls and directives are characterized by comprehensiveness; as it did not make its call to a group rather than a group, or a race rather than a race, or people of a religion rather than others, but rather that speech included all kinds of people in the world from the addressees, with the diversity of their races, languages, and religions that they follow. 3- The Quranic speeches are a statement and defense of the faith, law, and morals, and around these three axes revolve all the divine speeches in the Quran, whether they are on the tongues of the saints of God (prophets or righteous people) or on the tongues of the enemies of God, as God may make His enemies say what reveals the truth of divine power. 4- The story of Joseph (PBUH) in the Qur’an is the story of character and events together. It does not only record a reality, but it also champions human values ​​worthy of immortality. It champions faith, patience, chastity, honesty, sincerity and purity. 5- The discourse cannot, or at least does not work properly, except within a framework of order and system. Therefore, it imposes on the parts of its subject, no matter how intertwined, intertwined and synchronized, types of presentation and delay that are not required and sometimes not accepted by the nature of the subject. 6- The doctrinal discourse is based on an intellectual system that must be complete and its author has established evidence of the truth of those beliefs. However, if it is a revelation, it is a legitimate discourse that organizes the affairs of creation in the world of obligation.

Religious tourism is of great importance from economic, social and cultural aspects, especially in a city like Najaf Al-Ashraf, because of its sacred status for Muslims in Iraq and the world, due to its historical and Islamic depth. The research emphasized the study of the components of tourism in the city of Najaf, starting with highlighting the status of religious shrines and sites, most notably the shrine of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, and the rest of the shrines and other religious institutions. The research also emphasized the study of the infrastructure that would contribute to the establishment and development of tourism in this city, which included everything a tourist needs from the time he enters the city of Najaf until he leaves it, which included places of residence, restaurants, means of transportation, heritage landmarks, markets, and others. The research presented a number of proposals that would develop tourism in this city, most notably the proposal to develop the infrastructure of religious institutions as well as the city of Najaf as a whole, and to educate society about the importance of religious tourism in order to promote the city of Najaf Al-Ashraf as a tourist destination, which would result in economic returns. 0CITATIONS

Ideas must be based on reality in order to be taken into account, and this reality is based on data that human society has followed in its cognitive transformations and falls within frameworks and concepts specific to each stage. Perhaps the culture and thought of any reality is connected to a set of data that leads it to what it wants, or returns it to points including the beginning and the end. Based on this matter, many branches have branched out in Arab thought, from which I want reconciliation sometimes, and marriage at other times, and discontinuity at other times, and other than that. What was established from crystallizing the project of renaissance and renewal and periodizing historical vocabulary and terms as a promising conscious reading in understanding the requirements of Arab society wherever and however it was, and despite the fact that Arab thought was established correctly, as I believe, with the entry of Islam into this nation, the reality that the Arabs adopted participated with the various trends of intellectual life and worked to push the comparison as an application movement in society itself, to systematize action and its responses to achieve survival within the mechanisms of success. All these resources confirmed the steps through which the features of Islamic thought become clear to reach every spot on earth, allocating a methodology for everyone, not allocating a methodology for some as some have done. Methodologies that frame a specific integrative work, while Islamic thought wants to reach a general integrative work that stops disputes and distances them from the community of communication that works to stabilize the situation because it does not look at the communicative work from the perspective of the logical dimension or the emotional dimension only, but there must be other dimensions that are launched so that all the components of this work are fused, such as logic and proof, and reasoning on everything that needs to be commented on. Some of the proposals of Arab thought emphasize the necessity of religion in society so that the individual can obtain his happiness in this world and the hereafter, that is, in clear terms, it wanted to make the soul and body happy together, without withdrawing into the aspects of distancing the human being from his humanity, but rather it remains clear in both matters. Islamic thought is bound to necessities that control it and make the individual belonging to this thought must always declare his concerns that always emanate from the Qur’an as a constitution for the individual that teaches him the rulings, and the hadith and the consequences of this thought so that the individual reaches a single realistic balance through which he reforms himself and the other, who wants to reform and guide, but on the condition that it is not beyond the reach of the individuals of society as a whole, that is, that The term application is not absent from this thought so that it does not remain on the shelves of libraries without being read, and the other distances itself from these proposals, that is, does not give religion and heritage a place, which established an excessive modernity that also relied on exaggeration. Through the research, I will present figures who dealt with both parties from Sunnis and Shiites and other ideologies, hoping that we will succeed in conveying these facts to the reader.

After completing, with the help of the Almighty, this study, which was devoted to studying "Abdullah bin Jadaan al-Taymi and his role in the pre-Islamic era", we can summarize the most important results that we reached and that appeared clearly through the research, which are as follows: 1) Abdullah bin Jadaan is considered one of the important historical figures who had a great impact on the history of the pre-Islamic era and had an impact on his tribe (Banu Taym), but the accounts varied in terms of his upbringing and the date of his death, but the status he occupied among the sons of his tribe, so his death was an important event and had a great impact, so they mixed that incident with myths through the jinn mourning him and burying him in Mecca. 2) The research showed that Ibn Jadaan was famous for a number of qualities that he enjoyed, including: companionship, as he took a number of companions because he was one of the nobles and wealthy in the pre-Islamic era, and companionship is often a characteristic that accompanies them. 3) The research indicated that Ibn Jadaan was famous for his generosity and spending on his tribesmen and the people of his city, to the point that he became famous among them for “Ibn Jadaan’s Bowl,” “Hassi Al-Dhahab,” and his special dishes, “like Al-Falooduj.” He had criers who called people to eat, and his generosity continued until his death. 4) Ibn Jadaan played a prominent role in the wars of the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era, especially during the days of the Arabs in the Fijar War. His role was influential in those wars by providing his tribe with weapons, leading them, and releasing prisoners from his tribe by ransoming them with money, in addition to his role in making peace between those warring tribes. In addition to this, he played a role in making alliances, especially the Hilf Al-Fudul, which was held in his house.

The art of ceramics is one of the ancient arts that served as a link between ancient peoples based on its influence, like other arts, on multiple levels in terms of its aesthetic appearance or themes, and then the nature of the proposed language and the network of relationships and intervals through which the nature of this art and the centers controlling it can be analyzed. The phenomenon of research in artistic expression in artworks has become one of the important matters that must be studied. The research attempts to come up with the law that controls the embodiment of the aforementioned concepts and their presentation in a formative manner, and then the paths of Iraqi ceramics and their identity can be determined. In light of this, the research was built methodologically on: - Chapter One (Methodological Framework) which includes the research problem, importance, goal, limits and definition of terms. As for the second chapter, which was represented in the theoretical framework and previous studies, the theoretical framework included the dominant factors in generating expression and was divided into four main axes: subjective and objective, the artwork in its composition, and the recipient. The fourth axis was concerned with expression in plastic art and then reaching the most important indicators resulting from the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter: it included the research procedures from the research community, where the researcher chose from his research community consisting of (36) ceramic sculptures a sample of (5) models and adopted the descriptive analytical approach in analyzing them. As for the fourth chapter, it included a presentation of the most important results reached by the researcher, the most important of which is the diversity of artistic expression methods and each potter’s reliance on certain elements in generating them. The researcher recommended paying attention to expressive values ​​and trying to highlight them in ceramic works and suggested conducting a comparative study on the subject of artistic expression of Iraqi and Egyptian ceramic sculptures.

The research revealed that Imam Hussein (PBUH) despite the state of calling for jihad and migration from his homeland, his sermons were distinguished by coherence and harmony through our presentation and study of them and subjecting them to the laws of textual coherence, from style and plotting. Imam Hussein’s sermons contained reference in both its textual and situational types, and deletion that left a great impact on the recipient’s soul, and the connection whose tools worked to link the parts of the text, and the substitution that would abbreviate and dependency between the names and phrases and between the verbal structures and phrases within the text. The relationships of plotting have a clear presence in Imam Hussein’s sermons (PBUH), such as the relationship of the condition and its answer, the relationship of the question and the answer, the representative relationship, and the relationship of cause and effect.

Chronotope depends on the integration of time into space to form a single space called the spatiotemporal space, and this space is characterized by unity, consistency, and organic overlap. Chronotope is always achieved in literary work, with the presence of temporal and spatial indicators that achieve organic consistency and semantic harmony for the text or discourse. This scientific paper, based on the descriptive-analytical approach, studied the term chronotope (spatiotemporal) in the poetry of Amal Dunqul. This study aims to shed light on the chronotopic space in the poem (From the Memoirs of Al-Mutanabbi) by the Egyptian poet Amal Dunqul, and to highlight the reasons for the poet\'s resort to adopting this method. The importance of studying this poem came through studying the elements that are foreign to the structure of the text. This is done by clarifying its narrative manifestations represented by: time, anticipation, flashback, chronological arrangement, place, and the duality of openness and closure. We reached a conclusion that the poet\'s goal in this poem from resorting to these elements is to employ the narrative structure by addressing social issues. Using this new style in his poetry is not only a traditional matter, but it is an artistic necessity, and Amal Donqol is able to employ it in his works.

There is no doubt that the last century was full of literary theories, approaches and visions that became a subject of research and study due to their importance to Arab writers and critics. In the middle of the second decade of the last century, the objective equivalent was born at the hands of the critic Eliot; but what is striking is that this birth was difficult, as the equivalent did not take its true place in literature, due to its impact on defining the meaning of feeling and perception on which literature was built; it became disturbed due to the abundance of approaches and terms at that time, and after that it was not understood correctly, as everyone began to interpret it according to his whims, in addition to that, the objective equivalent did not receive a comprehensive and scrutinizing study and a clear reading that touches on knowledge and feeling. The collection ((Prisoner of the Wave)) is considered to have a high cultural symbolism in the United Arab Emirates, because it simulates multiple social phenomena that have taken upon themselves to stimulate national awareness, a sense of responsibility and prove identity; intertwined with psychological and moral commitment towards the homeland, and raising its name and its flag fluttering forever and always. The research was motivated by reading the objective equivalent according to what its creator intended; because of its ambiguity and lack of interest from scholars, and their not mentioning it except implicitly in their books or studies; in addition to studying the collection of poems ((Prisoner of the Wave)) by the poet ((Nayef Abdullah Al-Harees)); and clarifying the poetic strengths and weaknesses in the collection, and the extent of the poet's connection to the objective equivalent. Research methods are an ideal tool for reaching satisfactory results, and for identifying the facts that led to the multiplicity of concepts and names for the objective equivalent, so the modern cultural critical method was the best aid for reaching those results. Due to the importance of the equivalent in explaining the many complex sensory phenomena in Arabic literature, and following them closely, it must be read clearly so that the hidden in the vision of the objective equivalent becomes apparent. The research came to include within its folds several topics, the most important of which was the objective equivalent (origins and manifestations), then it touched on modern Arabic poetry and its variables, then introduced the poet Nayef Al-Hurais and described the collection of poems, Prisoner of the Wave, and then selected poems from the collection for the purpose of critical application to them, as an objective equivalent, and the research came out with a conclusion that clarifies its visions, appended with a list of its sources and references. And Allah is the Grantor of success.

Contemporary war drama has been described as a response to the profound suffering that has arisen from war, which has, unfortunately, become the supreme language of communication in the modern age. Thus, contemporary English political theatre has shown a unique interconnection between drama and politics: the interest in the US-Iraq war is no exception. The British playwright, David Hare, belongs to the trend of war drama that enables the world to see the truth, the trauma and the violence of the US war in Iraq. Things Happen skillfully helps to show how the US employed coercive diplomacy to manipulate other countries to achieve the new doctrine: the “New American Century”. In Things Happen, Hare documents the tragic recent history of Iraq in such an approach that mixes documentary with fiction to present events from 2000, up to the actual invasion of Iraq in March 2003. The play traces the origins of the US war in Iraq and uncovers all the attempts and actions taken by Bush and his administration to invade Iraq. This study focuses mainly on the element of power that characterizes the motivations of American leaders and the continuous pursuit of power. That things happen to Hare, however, sets the context for Bush's coercive strategy regarding Iraq, as well as his manipulation of the UN, Blair, Powell, and other figures to help achieve his goals.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his progeny (PBUH) laid the seeds of many human and natural sciences, including linguistic ideas. As such, the present study agrees with the assumption that these great Islamic figures had a fundamental influence on subsequent fields of study with a focus on language, rhetoric, and communication. This study assumes that argumentation is one of the most prominent aspects of this influential role of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his progeny (PBUH). Argumentation was widely used in the religious sermons delivered by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his progeny (PBUH) to Muslims and followers of other religions in defense of Islam and the constants of Islam and in an effort to establish the basic rights and human principles that Islam seeks. Lady Fatima al-Zahra (PBUH), the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the wife of Imam Ali and the mother of Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein (PBUH), is an example of this belief. Moreover, the great and knowledgeable personality of Lady Fatima al-Zahra represents a rich source for linguistic studies. Lady Fatima al-Zahra’s (PBUH) discourse is characterized by various rhetorical aspects that need careful study and investigation. Thus, this study set itself the objectives of identifying some of the most important rhetorical pragmatic strategies of the arguments that she used. Moreover, how these strategies were used to achieve her argumentative goals. The results and discussions of this study reached the conclusions that the most rhetorical pragmatic strategies that she used were: rhetorical questions, metaphors, and imperatives. In addition, she used these strategies to successfully persuade her audience

Marriage is a very important and valuable component in human life. Sexual satisfaction and psychological well-being have a significant impact on the family and the physical and mental health of its members. This study was designed to predict marital adjustment and psychological well-being based on the thought control strategies of Yasuj city teachers. This research is of the basic type of research in the framework of solidarity projects. The statistical community consists of all married teachers in the city of Yasuj in the year 1395 which, according to the information obtained from the Ministry of Education, is equivalent to 2290 people. Given the large size of the statistical population and using the Morgan table,

This study examined verbal differences between men and women and the effect of non-linguistic intimacy on interactions between the sexes in the use of linguistic compliments. The study sample consisted of 80 people (40 men and 40 women) who were chosen randomly from among the male and female teachers who teach in various schools in the city of Qa'in. This analysis was carried out in a field study based on sampling from the sample and preparing a questionnaire, then the t-test was used to compare the means of the two groups, and the data was analyzed using the spss / pc program

The communication process is not limited to speaking or writing only. It is a complex process that requires influential factors such as language, grammar, and experience. It also includes elements of the non-verbal medium. Sign language and facial expressions can reveal what a person is trying to express through a face-to-face conversation. In the foundations of conversation, we find that the absence of a non-verbal medium causes a lack of understanding and confusion in interpersonal communication. This study focuses on the impact of emoji in electronic communication, especially the (Messenger and WhatsApp) program, where this study relied on the theory of media richness. The method used is the qualitative research method, and the results showed that emoji have an important role in electronic communication between people.

This study is concerned with investigating the rhetorical tools and strategies used by Obama in his speech to the Americans about "chemical weapons" allegedly used in Syria. Here, it tries to answer the following questions: a. What are the rhetorical tools that Obama employed in his speech to the nation? b- What are the functions of rhetorical questions in his speech? c. How did he use rhetorical aspects in his speech? The study assumes that Obama used many rhetorical tools to influence public opinion about the reality of what happened in Syria. Furthermore,

Ernest Hemingway is considered one of the most prominent novelists and short story writers of the twentieth century. His short story The Old Man and the Sea is the last major short story published during his lifetime. This novel is also considered a milestone in short story literature as it has prominent literary qualities that enabled its writer (Hemingway) to win the Nobel Prize. It tells the story of the human tendency towards the dilemma of skepticism and faith in the same critical situations. Therefore, the study assumes the existence of some decisive factors that created the protagonist Santiago as one of the characters representing the Stoic philosophical trend. The study also focuses on Santiago\\'s qualities such as perseverance in strength and patience in his struggle against nature.

This research, entitled "The Dialectic of Life and Death in Some of Baudelaire's Roses of Evil", deals with the poet's view of life and death. Baudelaire showed in more than one poem that he was tired of a hopeless life: he did not sing about it in his poems. He described himself as dead in life, and at the same time, he mourned those who are satisfied with it. Baudelaire sees life as an invitation to another different life full of secrets and invisible things, and a life with a stronger meaning than earthly life. For Baudelaire, death is happiness, and the grave is the only element that gives life and value to the human being who will enjoy his life after the cycles of death. The belief in life after death indicates the poet's spirituality, mysticism, and elevation towards what is beyond the material of eternity and immortality.