Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

Zoroastrians clung to their social and religious traditions on the ancient heritage, and were keen to preserve them throughout the period of their presence in Iran. These practices coincided with the social, political and religious development resulting from Iran’s conversion to Islam and the transformation of the Zoroastrian religion into a minority in the Muslim majority society.
Thus, the features of the social structure in Iran gradually became evident in its modern form at the end of the nineteenth century, in which

Zoroastrians struggle in their closed neighborhoods to enable their youth to continue to practice the heritage of their ancestors and imitate them in their rituals, worship and feasts.
Accordingly, the general course of development exploited the new political site to achieve a kind of integration into the majority society, provided that there would be no infringement on their privacy, but if possible, a reciprocal effect between the sects, as in their unification and celebration with the Iranian society on Nowruz, the famous Zoroastrian feast.
The axes of the research below discuss those inherited traditions and their survival and the extent of Zoroastrianism's commitment to them.

The current research aimed to identify the learning styles in physics for fourth-grade students, and the differences in learning styles in physics for fourth-grade science students depending on the gender variable, as the current research was limited to a sample of (500) students from the fourth-grade science students. In the preparatory and secondary government day schools of the Directorate of Diwaniyah Education - the center of the morning study, and for the academic year (2021-2020 AD), they were chosen by random stratified method, and on the basis of proportional distribution. For fourth grade students of science, based on the Kolb models Which consisted of four dimensions represented in: (sensory experiences, contemplative observation, abstract concepts, effective experimentation), and it consists of (24) paragraphs in its final form and after checking the psychometric properties of the scale, since validity was extracted in two ways: content validity and construction validity. As well as extracting the stability for each of the dimensions by two methods of testing - re-testing and the Alpha Kro-Nbach equation for internal consistency. After completing the construction of the research tool, the application was applied to the final research sample of (500) male and female students, and the statistical bag for social sciences (Spss)) was used in data processing, and the research concluded that there is a use of the methods of learning physics represented by the following methods (divergent, representative, convergent). adaptive) These methods were statistically significant for the students of the fourth scientific grade, and it became clear that the representational learning style got the first place in several divergent learning style, then the adaptive style, then the convergent style in terms of its common use. There are also statistically significant differences (in the divergent learning style and in favor of females depending on For the gender variable, there are statistically significant differences in the representative learning method in favor of males according to the gender variable, there are statistically significant differences in the convergent learning method in favor of males according to the gender variable, there are statistically significant differences in the adaptive learning method in favor of males according to the gender variable. In light of the results of the research, the researcher came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions, including the development of traditional teaching methods into modern teaching methods that take into account individual differences according to each learning method. And conducting a study to find the relationship between the methods of learning physics and some other variables (methods of thinking, critical thinking, achievement, the efficiency of cognitive representation of information).

Many researchers believe that the era in which Al-Ghazali lived and his scientific achievements and the various books and literature we produce in particular are rich in important sciences and knowledge that scholars have devoted themselves to explaining, analyzing, and clarifying his philosophical and intellectual views. He is considered one of the most prominent thinkers of the golden age in Islam. Al-Ghazali would not have taken this prestigious position as one of the most prominent faces of the Islamic nation at the time, only after he proved his great knowledge of religious sciences and the rest of the sciences and his mastery of its effective mechanisms.

The research undertakes to identify the origins that the ancient scholars deduced from the speech of the Arabs, and which became the ruler over the rest of the Arabic speech, and to clarify the ideology that prompted them to root it.

The study of personality is one of the interesting and difficult topics for many researchers and specialists in the humanities, especially anthropology, psychology, sociology and others, because of its importance. As the Iraqi personality is characterized by socialization systems and under the influence of its relationship with society and culture with many fixed and changing characteristics and features during the last decades, especially after the social and psychological distortions that occurred in changing some of the characteristics of the Iraqi personality due to the political, social and psychological crises that the society went through during the American occupation of Iraq 2003 .

This research aims at all argumentative positions within the transgression, inclusion and division in Wahhab Sharif's poetry, as it came in an introduction and an introduction to the concept of arguments and the research material that constitutes quasi-logical concepts in argumentation through transgression, inclusion and division. , and the clear impact of pilgrims in this process of rhetorical argumentation with the purpose of presenting a sublime message in pilgrims and achieving conviction among the recipient in terms of ideas and argumentative material presented in the discourse, then the most important results of the research that resulted in the concepts of transgression, inclusion and division in the case of quasi-logical arguments according to Chaim Perelman's pilgrims' theory were explained As well as a list of sources and references in alphabetical order.

Arab scholars - in the past and in the present - held extensive chapters to discuss the phenomenon of parsing. As it represents the most prominent phenomenon in the Arabic language. The largest proof of this is that the occurrence of melody in the parsing of the Noble Qur’an was a major motivation for the establishment of grammar. Since that time, grammarians have expanded their search for everything related to this phenomenon. Seeking to reveal its laws and secrets. It is no secret that This is one of the phenomena that is still under investigation. Therefore, from time to time, a new point of view appears, presented by some of the elite practitioners of grammar. Naturally, this causes a difference of opinion, which leads other researchers to verify their health and safety. Therefore, in this research, we try to stand at Dr. Makhzoumi's point of view: Being a wide spread in the field of modern studies.

This research dealt with the study of population characteristics in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the period (1997 – 2020) .
The study of population characteristics is considered one of the basic studies in population studies, which must be studied in order to know the size of the population, its growth and its numerical and relative distribution, and to shed light on the age and qualitative structure.

It is appropriate in the study of morphological significance to divide the morphological units of significance into two types: The first type: morphological weights, such as: verb weights, infinitives, derivatives, weights of plural cracking and diminutiveness and their analogues, and the second type of adhesives, which are prefixes, suffixes and intrinsic ones, which enter into the core of the word’s structure to achieve meanings or participating in the significance, and the term fiqh is mostly based on a single word that is almost devoid of the extras that are brought in to find the largest amount of significance appropriate for the definition. The research finds, based on the counting of a large number of jurisprudential terms when the Imamis, that they are completely devoid of verbs in their formulation; Because the basic function of the term is the news, the term is a linguistic cognitive entity consisting of two things: the symbol that occupies the position of the informant, and the sentence or sentences expressing the concept that occupy the news, then it is natural that the image of the term is limited to the name; As the verb is not told about it at all, and the letter is not told or told about it, and the research also found that the source of its different types and structures occupy the largest space for the jurisprudential term, while the derivatives occupied a small amount of it, and the research will deal with description and analysis of the structure of the term from the triple source more, It will also stand on a number of morphological phenomena with a semantic effect.

The research titled (Factors affecting children’s addiction to smart devices) addresses a very important topic in influencing the daily life of families in Iraqi society, to determine the social factors affecting addiction to modern technology by children and to identify the pros and cons of smart devices and the most important social networking sites circulating among them. Using the analytical method to reach facts and conclusions

The spatial distribution of community services according to the statistical method, the neighborhood link (the nearest neighbor) is important in order to make an estimate and an approximate evaluation of the parameters of the spacing between two points that contribute to determining the straight distance between the points and thus showing the dispersion or concentration of services available in the study area, so the research showed some facts In this regard, about community services in the city of Hamza and according to the type of service, he reached a conclusion that emphasized that the spatial distribution of kindergartens, primary and middle and middle schools in the city of Hamza is within the convergent pattern closest to random as educational community services, as well as patterns of spatial distribution of health and recreational services fall within the pattern The closest approximation to random is between (0.50-0.99), and since the neighborhood connection is less than (0.66), this indicates that the level of community services in the city is weak for reasons related to the lack of available service institutions, their buildings and employees, and according to their type and population size of the city. Here, the researcher suggests interest in community services by decision makers through programmed development planning to increase those service institutions to match the population growth in the city, and to take coordination measures between the duty to improve the efficiency and adequacy of services provided to the population in a way that increases their degree of satisfaction.

The current research aims to include the science biology book for the Scientific fourth class for the Sustainable development goals for the academic year (2020-2021) . In order to achieve the research goal ,the researcher did prepared a list of the Sustainable development goals which should be included in biology book for the Scientific fourth class after viewing group of literature , researches and previous studies and a report of the United Nations organization . The list was displayed in a group of experts and specialists in the curriculm and teaching methods to ensure their truth where the list was formed in its final from (17) main goal emanate from it (76) sub –items . Then the researcher analysed the content of the biology books for the Scientific fourth stage in the light of the list that was built and the analysis included the content of the book by (171)page.
The researcher adopted the explicit and implicit idea prepared for the number recording repetition and unit for the census. The validity of analysis was confirmed by presenting it to a group of arbitrators then calculating the reliability of the analysis using the equation (Holsti) in agreement with outside analysts and the researcher himself over time. The results were shown that the biology book for the scientific fourth class achieved (17) sub-items at the rate of (22.36%)of the total items achieved in the standard which is less than the spoken percentage suggested by the arbitrators which was (70%) for the biology book for the scientific fourth class. . In the light of results of the research, the researchers came up with several recommendations including : 1- The balance in including the goals of sustainable development in the content of biology books of the scientific fourth class and observing sequences and consistency with in the content of the book. 2- Paying attention to the neglected main goals and sub-issues that have not been achieved and working to include them in the content of the biology book for the scientific fourth class.
The researcher suggested proposals from them – Conducting a similar study for the content of biology books for the intermediate stage and university stage in the light of the sustainable development goals.

This study deals with From the end of the Sassanid era onwards, the region of Aran became the focus of Muslims' attention. The need to spread Islam and strengthen the northern borders of the Arab Islamic state were the two important goals that attracted the attention of Muslims to the region of Aran, and other motivating factors such as the natural and economic characteristics of the Aran region led to the inclusion of the region within the conquests The Arab Islamic attacks began on Azerbaijan during the caliphate of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab in the year 18 AH and after the conquest of Azerbaijan was completed for them in the year 22 AH, they advanced towards the region of Aran and started in the city of Bab al-Abwab “Darband” and then continued their progress to open the rest of the cities of the region, which was owned by the Sassanids at the time. The time of the Caliph Othman bin Affan led by Habib bin Maslama Al-Fihri and Salman bin Rabia Al-Bahili

The research dealt with the socio-economic reality of Iraqi women and their political role during the monarchy in Iraq, the researcher also touched on the participation of Iraqi women in women's conferences for the period (1930-1932), and reference to the most important women's figures during the research period, including; Noor Muhammad Hamada, Sabiha Ahmed Sheikh Dawood, and Asma Al-Zahawi, and the research elaborated on the reality of Iraqi women before the revolution of July 14, 1958, And the first beginnings in demanding their political rights, and the development of the feminist movement in its activities after the revolution, and the most important political feminist associations in the first decade of the republican era.

This study aims to know the extent of the development that occurred in the education of girls in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1982-2005, and to address the importance of girls’ education and its upbringing in the Kingdom and the extent of women’s contribution and participation in society and its development, in addition to that, their interest in the family and the preparation of generations and their better education, and for this reason, the Kingdom directed Great importance for girls’ education, including general education or vocational education, and the establishment of centers for this purpose, as well as the provision of health education, all of which was in line with its nature and religious traditions, social customs and policy followed in the Kingdom, and many plans and programs have been developed to develop girls’ education and its prosperity in the Kingdom. Shedding light on (the development of girls' education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1982 - 2005).

This study is an attempt to read the reality of terrorism in Iraq represented by the terrorist ISIS, which is an intellectual and ideological extension of Al-Qaeda organization led by Osama bin Laden and the terrorist groups branching from it.
He pursued ruin and destruction in various social angles by reviewing the stages of sociological analysis of this phenomenon, analyzing its factors and frameworks that explain it theoretically, tracing the stages of its historical development, defining the concept of terrorism and the extent of ambiguity that prevails in this concept, knowing some related concepts such as violence, defining its types, and knowing its repercussions and repercussions on peace and local social security. in Iraq.
And since terrorism is preoccupying all people, which prompted me, as a social researcher, to track this phenomenon that is alien to our dear people in order to develop solutions and proposals to confront terrorism, which affected all components of the Iraqi people .

This research sheds light on the method of Mr. Abdullah Shuber in his literary commentaries. In an effort to research to identify the general features that Mr. Abdullah Shuber walked on and built uponHis explanations.. and the research will also provide a brief overview of the life of the master, may God have mercy on him. Therefore, the search was based onTwo sections, the first is a study of the life ofthe commentator, and the second section includes: Introducing the explanations and the reasons for authorship, and then the general approach of the explanations

The research including Mouloud Mukhlis who became an officer with the rank of first lieutenant class of cavalry .within the ranks of the six the Ottoman Army present in Iraq with the Ottoman army in world war I against the British Occupation of Iraq in 1914 AD. Mouloud left the service in the Ottoman army after witnessing the way the Ottomans dealt with the wounded Arabs in the Ottoman army and his captivity by the British and a trip to India and returned to the Arabian peninsula to participate in the revolution announced by the sharif of Mecca in 1916 against the Ottoman Empire he had an important Military role in the Great Arab Revolt of 1916 AD and contributed to the organization of the Arab army and its leadership of cavalry Division and the Hashemite Brigade and participated in battles of North to Suria1918AD , wounding him and leaving for Egypt for the purpose of treatment.

The current research aims to identify:
1-The level of creative writing ability among graduate students in the Arabic Language Department.
2- The level of scientific thinking ability among graduate students in the Arabic Language Department.
3- The correlation between creative writing and scientific thinking among graduate students in the Arabic Language Department.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher followed the procedures of the descriptive method, the correlational method, because it is the appropriate method, and two tools had to be available, the first to measure (creative writing), and the second to measure (scientific thinking) among graduate students in the Arabic Language Department in the Colleges of Education for the Humanities, and for this reason The researcher prepared two tests, the first of which was a test that measured creative writing skills. It included (25) items. He presented it to a group of arbitrators to extract the apparent validity, the discriminating power of the items and reliability in two ways, Cronbach’s alpha, and the reliability coefficient in it reached (84%), in order to achieve the objectives of the research. The researcher applied the two tools to a sample of students from the University of (Babylon, Karbala) selected by a random stratified method, which amounted to (207) male and female students, a basic sample. The other test measured scientific thinking. It included (50) items, (40) of which were objective questions and (10) Of the essay type, he presented it to a group of arbitrators to extract apparent validity, extract the discriminatory power of the items and reliability in two ways, and the reliability coefficient using the Cronbach’s alpha method reached (91%)
The researcher used appropriate statistical methods to achieve the two objectives of the research, which are: the equation of the t-test for two independent samples, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient, the chi-square for goodness of fit, and the Cronbach’s alpha equation.
The research reached the following results:
1- Students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Babylon, fourth stage, gender (male, female), have the ability to write creatively.
2- Students of the Faculties of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Babylon (fourth stage) enjoy scientific thinking.
3- There are no differences between males and females in creative writing and scientific thinking.
4- There is a positive correlation between creative writing and scientific thinking among university students.

The current paper aims to identify the standard characteristics of the complex simplification ability test according to the latent trait theory among students of distinguished schools in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. To achieve this goal, the researcher constructed the test of (30) items, and then presented them to experts and arbitrators in educational and psychological sciences to ensure the availability of appropriate characteristics for it and its alternatives in terms of form and content. The researcher took their opinions into consideration, and all the test items were logically valid to measure what they were set to measure.
The test was applied to a sample of (500) male and female students in distinguished schools in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, who were selected by the stratified random method. The researcher adopted the two-parameter model and the (Xcalibre,4) program, which is one of the models of latent trait theory to analyze test items. To verify the study assumptions, the researcher followed:
1- Unidimensionality: To verify this assumption, the researcher conducted factor analysis using the principal components method. One significant factor was obtained that explained the test, which is considered a statistically significant factor when the latent root that it explains is equal to or greater than (1), and adopting a saturation ratio of (0.30) or more as the saturation ratio of test items with the general factor according to Guilford’s criterion.
2- Item fit: The items were matched to the two-parameter model based on the chi-square (X2) value for goodness of fit at a significance level of (0.05) and according to program outputs. It was found that the value of all items is greater than the calculated chi-square value for all items, i.e. they are not statistically significant at the level of (0.05). Thus, no items were excluded from the test.
3- Discrimination coefficient approximation to (1): it ranged between (0.50-1.10).
4- Independence of measurement: The researcher verified the objectivity of measurement as represented by the two-parameter model.
The researcher reached a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to achieve the following objectives:
1-Discovering the possibility of correcting errors in the interrogative style of students in Arabic language departments in colleges of education.
2- Revealing the significance of the differences in correcting errors in the interrogative style of university students according to gender (males and females).
3- Detecting deductive thinking among students of Arabic language departments in colleges of education.
4- Revealing the significance of differences in deductive thinking among university students according to gender (males and females).
5- Revealing the type of relationship between correcting errors in the interrogative style of students in Arabic language departments in colleges of education and their deductive thinking.To achieve these goals, the researcher followed the descriptive (correlational) research approach, and defined his research population as students in the Arabic language departments in colleges of education (morning study), and the basic research sample was selected in a random stratified manner from the research population, as it amounted to (70) male and female students. In order to measure the two research variables, the researcher prepared a tool to measure the test of correcting errors in the interrogative style, and as for the other tool, the researcher prepared a test of deductive thinking.The researcher verified the (validity and reliability) of these two tools, and after analyzing the data, the study resulted in the following results: - The research sample is capable of correcting, but they have low deductive thinking, and the type of relationship is weak between correcting errors in the interrogative style and their deductive thinking. In order to complete the benefit, this research came up with multiple recommendations, and to complement this study, this research came up with multiple proposals.