Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The object of this study were to evaluate the effect of different doses with regard toxicopathological changes in rat ingested CuSO4.5H2O The study was done on (66) female rats of approximately the same age and body weight. The first experiment was done on (30) rats, the animals were divided into (5) groups, each group composed of (6) animals ingested toxic doses of CuSO4.5H2O for studying the symptoms of acute toxicosis, time of appearance and disappearance, and for determination of LD50 by using probit method. The result of the experiment showed that the value of LD50 was 809 mg/kg.bw. The acute toxic signs appeared after short time and become more severe with increasing rate of the death according to the dose of the drug. Second experiment was done on (36) rats divided into (3) groups each groups contain (12) animals as in the followings, First group: Administered orally with distilled water\ day for (3) months and considered as a control group. Second group: Administered orally (8) mg /kg.b.w\day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated 1 group (T1). Third group: Administered orally (40) mg\ kg.b.w\ day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated Two group (T2). The clinical signs were checked continously. The main signs were anorexia, decrease in body weight ,the mucous membranes were pale-yellow, with rough skin, ruffled hair and alopecia especially in the abdominal regoin, hemaglobinurea and dyspnea. The severity of signs increased with high dose and long duration Toxicopathological changes due to CuSO4.5H2O showed the followings. The gross lesions of liver characterized by hepatomegaly or atrophy with pale- yellow color. Kidney darkish brown descolaration (gunmetal) colored with presence of small whitish nodules in high dose group, splenomegaly due to congestion or atrophy and fibrosis. The brain showed congestion and edema, with thickening of the stomach wall and catarrhal enteritis. The microscopic examination showed that the severity of the lesions depend upon the dose and duration of treatment. The liver undergo fatty degenerations with centri-lobular necrosis which was a constant feature of all examined sections, with focal infiltration of mononuclear cells, with apoptosis, severe hemorrhage with formation of hyperplastic nodules and deposition of hemosiderin pigment in hepatocytes, proliferated kupffer cells and periportal fibrosis. The lesions of the kidney were characterized by degeneration and necrosis of the epithelial lining of the proximal convoluted tubules with deposition of hemosiderin pigment and dilation of cortical and medullary renal tubules with formation of hyaline cast , cortical tubular basophilia and interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells and fibrosis of medullary region especially in high dose.The brain sections showed perineuronal and perivascular edema with focal gliosis and demyelination with focal aggregation of microglial cells around the blood vessels with hemorrhage especially in high dose. The heart lesions were represented by fatty degeneration and myocarditis and epeicarditis with infiltration of mononuclear cells and areas of necrosis and hemorrhages with fibrosis in high dosage group. Spleen showed severe depletion of white pulp lymphoid tissue with extramedullary hemopoiesis characterized by the presence of large numbers of megakaryocytes, severe congestion and deposition of hemosiderin pigment and fibrosis especially in high dosage group, the non-glandular stomach showed hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Bone sections showed suppression of hempoietic tissue with signs of osteoporosis. The study have been concluded that CuSO4.5H2O poisoning in rat causes toxicopathological changes internal abdominal organs with precancerous lesions.

This study considered to be the first in Iraq conducted for detection of canine parvovirus from dogs. The virus was detected in pups brought to private Vet. Clinics in Baghdad. Pups suffered from bloody diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and increased body temperature. Canine parvovirus antigen detected by using rapid antigen test kit and Haemagglutination – inhibition tests ( HI). The result of rapid test showed the ratio of positive samples was 66.6%.
The fecal samples were checked for Haemagglutination potential using different types of erythrocyte which include rabbit, chicken, horse and dogs and showed high potential HA activity if this test performed early at the time of sample collection. The values ranging from 16- 512 Haemagglutination units. Serological characterization using of Haemagglutination–Inhibition test by using anticanine parvovirus antibodies which were prepared against standard attenuated vaccine in rabbit which gave titer of 64 Haemagglutination–inhibition . Other fecal samples checked for HI and gave high titer.

The present study aimed to determine range of contamination of cow milk with antibiotic residues in number of villages of Afak city using microbiological analysis. For mentioned purpose (145) samples of milk were collected randomly from three villages: Al-Juruf, Al-Bunashi, Shat- Hussein with 55, 45, 45 milk samples, respectively. The results showed that numbers of samples and their percentage ratio which positive for antibiotic residues test were 11 (20%), 5 (11.1%), 6 (13.3%) for: Al-Juruf, Al-Bunashi, Shat- Hussein villages, respectively. The total positive samples for antibiotic residues test were 22 samples of 145 Samples for all three villages with ratio 15.1%.
The results also showed a significant increase (P >0.05) in numbers of positive samples for antibiotic residues in the village of Al-Juruf as compared with other villages.

The study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of three different hormonal treatment of estrous synchronization in Hamdani ewes reared in northern Iraq (Kardstan). During the breeding season July 2006, 40 adult Hamdani ewes were randomly allocated to four equal groups. The first group T1was treated with inravaginal progestagen sponges containing 40 mg (FGA) for 14 days. whereas second group T2 was treated as T1 group but injected with 500IU PMSG at the sponges removal, while the third group T3 was treated with progestagen intravaginal sponges for 10 days, at time of sponges withdrawal prostaglandin F2ά 5mg (Dinoprost) was injected, the last group left as control group C. The estrous response was comparable in treatment, T1 (90%) T2 (100%), T3 (100%) as compared with group C (80%) The T2 and T3 were the higher estrous response than the other groups. The highest and lowest number that lamed was 100% in groupT2 and 70% in group C. Lambing rate and twin born lamb was higher in group T2. The biochemical examined were included Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), also concentrations of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphor and serum glucose. Data show that there was no significant effect of hormonal treatment .There were significant (P≤0.05) increased in activities of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes also concentration of total protein and concentration of total cholesterol, during late pregnancy and at parturition. The concentrations of serum glucose and inorganic phosphor were significant decreased during late stage of pregnancy and at parturition there were no significantly effects of pregnancy and parturition on the concentrations of serum glucose and ionized calcium. Its concluded from these results that the administration of an impregnate intravaginal sponges for 14 days plus a dose of 500IU PMSG was increased, lambing rate and litter size as compared to the other hormonal treatment Considered

The present work were aimed to study the histology of testis in male of quail (C.C. japonica). Ten adult male of quails, nine weeks old, were used in this study. Experimental birds were anesthetaized by using chloroform inhalation in closed champers and then the necropsed technique were applied to remove the testis and study their histological characteristics.
The histological examination were showed that the male of Quail birds has a compound tubular testis. It covers by dense irregular connective tissue which called Tunica albuginea. The testis did not clearly divided into lobes because there is thin interstitial connective tissue septa between the adjacent seminiferous tubules. The convoluted seminiferous tubules surrounded by thin sheath consist of connective tissue fibers, myoid cells and smooth muscle fibers. Epithelium lining of semniferous tubules have two types of cells: supporting cells (Sertoli) and spermatogonium cells which produce the sperms. The extension of these tubules toward the epidydimus became like striated tubules (tubuli recti) less in diameter and lined by sertoli cells only. The striated tubules were anastomosing with each other to form rete testis which is directly contact with efferent ducts. The histological study also showed that the testis of quail has no mediastinum testis.

The study was conducted on 4 male lambs of Awassi breed, Aged 4 months, presented in the farm of college of veterinary medicine, Anbar University, Anbar, Iraq. during the period from 10 May 2008, till 24 August 2008.
The study were undertaken to show the effect of age months on the level of sex hormone in male lambs of Awassi breed. 10 ml blood samples were collected weekly into heparinized vacutainer tube from the jugular vein of each lambs. Blood was centrifuged (1000 ×g for 10 min) within 1h of collection and plasma was stored at -20c0 until. Plasma total testosterone concentrations, F.S.H. and ICSH were determined by ELAS. Testosterone was shown to be higher during 7 and 6 age months (0.682 ± 0.17 and 0.489 ± 4.17) mIU/ml-1, 5 and 4. F.S.H was shown to be significantly increase (P<0.05) during 4 age month (24.928 ± 27.25) mIU/ml-1 as compared with 5, 6 and 7. ICSH showed to be higher during 4 and 5 (2.971 ± 3.01 and 2.555 ± 2.27) mIU/ml-1 as compared with 6 and 7.
It was concluded from this study that there was an effect of age months on the level sex hormone (Testosterone, F.S.H and ICSH).

Six plants were purchased from herpelists shopes local. These extracts are the Punica granetum; Artemisia campestris; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Cuminum cyminum; Mangifera indica; and Achillea santolina.
The serial double fold dilution was done to each extract in sterile labeled tubes after preparation. The stock solutions used were (2000, 1000, 500, 125, 62.5, 31.5) mg\ml. Metronidazole (flagyl) was used as standard drug at concentration of 5ml\125mg. The concentrations tested were (500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.5, 15.75, 7.87) mg\5ml. Viability was assessed by number of viable parasite; number of dead parasite per-microscopically field. The results showed that punica granetum; Artemisia campestris; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; and Achillea santolina revealed significant decreases in number of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. While the Cuminum cyminum and Mangifera indica not appeared remarkable effects in number of Giardia Lamblia trophozoites.

This paper presents the degree of contamination of table eggs with bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, E-coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus and Clostridia taking into account the source of the eggs. The results of the study indicate a relatively high degree of contamination of table eggs with Staphylococcus bacteria and enterobacteriaceae both in yolk and on egg shell.
The study included inspection, examination of brown eggs, gathered in winter and summer seasons from local markets, the origin the bacteria diagnosed by cultural, microscopic examination and biochemical tests methods.
Results referred that bacteria were the main organism contaminate the egg 95% and fungi were 5%, we focused here on bacterial growth. Contamination ratio was; Staphylococcus 75%, enterobacteriaceae 20% (E-coli 9% and salmonella 11%) and 4.9% streptococcus and 0.1 clostridium perfringens. Smears are taken from egg shell and yolk, bacterial growth concentrate on shell in winter at 100 % while yolk 0%, in summer the growth was equal 50%-50% in both egg shell and yolk.

Total of (106) specimens of Earthworms were collected from Baghdad area examined for different species of parasites since of they act as intermediate or reservoir hosts. There are one or more species of the following parasites Two nematodes Ascaridia sp., Toxcara sp.; plants nematodes Heterodera sp. and oocyst of protozoa Monocystis sp. Were recovered from body cavity; the total rate of infection was 20.7% for the first time in Iraq. The result showed that sedimentation method the best method for isolation the parasites, Ascaridia sp. is most prevalent parasite in these infestations

This study was conducted for studying hemoglobin types in farm animals (cattle, sheep and poultry) in central part of Iraq. The results revealed that the fixation of hemoglobin type A in Friesian cattle which was born and raised in Baghdad. While in sheep; hemoglobin type B was dominant in the three major native breeds of sheep (Awassi, Arrabi and Karradi), the Genotypes frequencies of hemoglobin type B were 0.96, 0.98 and 0.95 respectively. In white leghorn which was raised in middle part of Iraq and in compared with the native breed showed both types of hemoglobin (A and B) in different frequencies

The anesthetic property between thiopental (T) and thiopental–propofol mixture (TP) was evaluated in six adult donkeys premedicated with xylazine (X) . Each donkey was anesthetized one time with each dose of (T) (10 mg/kg) and (TP)(5mg/kg+1mg/kg, intravenous respectively) five minutes later of premedication with (X) (1 mg/kg, I.V.). The following anesthetic parameters; induction of anesthesia, duration and quality of anesthesia, narcosis and standing time after recovery, heart and respiratory rates, were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed.
The results did not show any significant difference at the level of (p<0.05) between both anesthetic protocols. But, clinically, anesthesia with (T) produce rapid, smooth, and free of excitement induction (18.50 ± 9.88 sec) with apnea (25 ± 8.8 sec). Thiopental produced anesthesia characterized by; good muscle relaxation, narcosis (30.50 ± 5.42 min) and surgical anesthesia (20.25 ± 3.47 min). Recovery was smooth and the standing time lasted for (35.50 ± 10.53 min). While anesthesia with (TP) characterized by a smooth induction (37.75 ± 11.44 sec) and without apnea, good muscle relaxation, and the duration of anesthesia (17.7 ± 1.03 min) and narcosis (23.25 ± 0.62min) was shorter than (T). Recovery was smooth and standing time after recovery was longer than (T) (47.50 ± 12.66 min).
In conclusion, both protocols produced good anesthesia in donkeys, but (TP) anesthesia may be a clinically usable technique for induction of anesthesia in donkeys.

This study was conducted at biotechnology center in Baghdad. Eighty (80) of bovine ovaries from Al-Shualah abattoir in Baghdad after slaughter have been collected. The total number of oocytes were obtained from ovaries by aspiration of follicles reached (71). The follicle selection method according to size from 3-7 mm. This oocytes classified into two groups according to the cumulus cells surrounded the oocyte, partially or completely. The first group included (37) oocytes completely surrounded by cumulus cells, and the second group (34) oocytes without cumulus cells. All oocytes subjected to incubation in TCM-199 medium at 38 C˚ in CO2 incubator about 24 hrs., the results indicates that (24) 64.88% of the oocytes in the first group and (16) 47.05% of the second group showed maturation. All matured oocyte were fertilized by frozen semen which had been brought from artificial insemination center (Abu Ghraib) as straws. The result appeared (13) 54.16% fertilized oocytes in first group while the number of fertilized oocyte in second group reached (6) 46.15%, when incubation had been continued for further development, the cumulus oocyte complex give (6) 37.50% embryos in two cells to four cells (Cleavage stages). But the second group give only (2) 33.33% embryos. No significant differences in maturation between oocyte with cumulus (WC) and without cumulus (WOC) among oocyte (p>0.05).

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of 70% ethanolic crude extract of Euphorbia granulata F. on normal and cancer cells. The acute toxicity of 70% ethanolic extract of the plant on normal mice has been studied. LD50 was determined by probit study (1486 mg/ kg B.W.) to calculate the therapeutic dose which was 30 mg/kg B.W S/C injection. Therapeutic effect of ethanolic extract of E. granulata was studied on tumor-bearing female mice after subcutaneous administration of 30 mg/kg B.W for 30 days (group II), while tumor-bearing female mice (group I) have been injected with distilled water only and served as control. The results were showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, relative tumor volume and inhibition of tumor growth rate in treated mice (group II) compared with tumor-bearing female mice of non-treated group (group I). Histopathological sections were showed large areas of necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and granulation tissue formation surrounding the tumor cells in tumor-bearing female mice (treated group II), hyperplasia of white pulp of the spleen with amyloid deposition and proliferation of megakaryocyte. Mononuclear cell infiltrations in liver, kidney, intestine and brain (group II) compared with non treated tumor bearing female mice (group I). The tumor growth was showed acinar like structures with milk like secretion, pleomorphic hyperchromatic tumor cells, and calcification of necrotic area. Liver showed small aggregation of tumor cells within liver parenchyma with extensive areas of coagulative necrosis and apoptosis. kidney undergo hydropic degeneration with dilation of urinary space. Brain showed perivascular and perineuronal edema with congestion, while spleen showed mild hyperplasia and proliferation of megakaryocytes. Tumor associated macrophages were infiltrated in liver and lung of control group

This trail was carried out on (12) Awassi ewes in the animal farm of College of Veterinary Medicine, in Baghdad University, during the period from May to November 2007, to study the cellular changes that occur in the vaginal epithelium during pregnancy and after birth. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group (treated group) gave (60.000) IU orally vitamin A once weekly. The second group left as control group. High mitotical figures have been observed in the vaginal smear of treated group. The size of the cells and the nuclei was significantly increased in the treated group, the affinity of the cytoplasm and nucleus for staining was elevated. No changes in keratinization and vacuolation intensity, whereas the presence of neutrophils in the treated group was obvious. These observations indicate the importance of vitamin A during pregnancy and pureperium to increase cell proliferation and cellular immunity.