Kufa Journal of Arts

agreed upon studying the heritage of Imam Ali(P.U.H.) due to its connection with the memory of the Islamic people who believes his justice. It occupied a great deal of importance in the books and classifications that dealt with the biography of Imam Ali(P.U.H.) who had martyred fifteen centuries ago. Studying his methods is continues a generation after another. With his early belief and wide experience, that he had gained by following the prophet Mohammed (P.U.H.), he had affected all the human activities and gave a pure image of Islam in his era adding.
In this study the researcher deals with the role of Imam Ali(P.U.H.) in the events of disturbance and riot. The study includes two topics:- the first is the attitude of Imam Ali(P.U.H.) towards the criticisms against Ottoman bin Affan, the beginning of the reformative issues and the murder of Ottoman bin Affan. The second topic deals with Imam Ali(P.U.H.) allegiance, the reaction of this accident and the reasons of breaching it by some of the followers.

In the Islamic heritage, the words of the Prophet and his pure family (peace be upon them) and their news were the second source of religious legislation especially at the imamaya. The only text was in it the Qur'anic text that has gained the importance of the scholars' desire to understand it and seek to achieve its purposes. One of the most prominent efforts in this regard is the book "Mrat AL-euqul fi sharahakhbar AL-rusul" by Muhammad Baqir AL-Majlisi (1111A.H), which he held to absorb the meanings of honest news based on deep-based discussions based mostly on linguistic and contextual bases.
This research highlights the implications of the contextual foundations that contributed to the formation of the meanings of the texts described in the book. the scientists concluded to important results one of which: That the scientists was aware of the impact of the context of the types (verbal and current) in the production of significance and crystallization, which invited him to pay attention, and rely heavily on the levels and types we separated in the folds of research.

The Holy Quran considers Yahya and The Situationality is most important of the Textual standards whichs explain the texts. This search is studing this standard in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 to understand it and interpret it. Its started by defining the concept then count types of context and its role and impact on production of texts.

Customs have different functions within the scope of the contracts and this is reflected in the need to determine the exact content of the contract
Considering that this content determines contractor's phrases that indicate their shared will naturally, where sometimes these terms are ambiguous and thus need to be explained by the judge, so customs is considered one of the factors that inferred in interpretation of this ambiguity by clarifying the meanings of the words and actions and significance of the real intentions and purposes that contractors willing to throughout using all the clues and evidence associated with the surrounding text, but this without forgive him stick to the apparent meaning of the literal wording on the basis of the fact that considered words as flexible templates that will highlight the spirit of meaning

The research included five sections: The importance of the research lies in the researchers' attempt to study the field and use the effective learning according to the type of multi-directional communication in learning the skill of the composite attack in the cops for female students. The problem of research: through the follow-up researcher to the effectiveness of fencing and the process based on this game and the difficulty of effectiveness for female students require the use of modern methods of teaching and teaching, so the researcher wanted to prepare an educational curriculum using effective education according to the pattern of multi-directional communication and try to delay in learning the skill of the composite attack in the weapon Blinds for students. The aim of the research was to

This research aims to show the factors leading to the level of sound in the call of Abu Hamza al-Thameli trying to study the vocal level by monitoring some of its phenomena and in this context we will study the research from two aspects, first: music and sound in the prayer of Abu Hamza al-Thamali, because this aspect is one of the most important elements The beauty of prayer. The second aspect of the research presented the rhythmic and acoustic level in the call of Abu Hamza al-Thamali. This aspect included the intervals, repetition, contrast, contrast, genesis and vocalization, because these elements combined provide an integrated creative palette. This research was aimed at studying the call of Abu Hamza al-Thamali in light of the analytical descriptive method. The researcher concluded that the imam employed the marginalized voices of the prophet to write his books in the masajat Allaah Subhaneh and al-Ta'ala. ) By closely associating the Qur'an with its knowledge of the prayer and teaching it to the recipient.

The alienation, whatever its kind, is an isolation and pain in the soul, and the multiplicity of its forms due to the diversity of causes, sources and manifestations. Alienation is an important element affecting the language, style and characters of narrative art and novelist. This was evident in the Syrian literature writer Olfat Al-Idlibi, who suffered from difficult circumstances in her life and was accompanied the Syrian revolution, the French occupation, and the Arab-Israeli wars. Her voice expressed the suffering of Arab women from the harshness of society and oppression of the occupier. The story of "For Land and Dignity" is one of the resistance stories of Olfat Al-Idlibi against the Zionist occupier, in which several types of alienation were manifested in the characterization of the main and secondary characters and their behavior as well as in place and time. And the characters have varied reactions against the suffering of alienation. The sense of alienation was also reflected in narrative and language. The study showed that the writer symbolized the expatriate characters of Arab and Palestinian alienation in general. This study was followed descriptive analytical approach in the research

Human demands have multiplied in life, and there is a need for the bonds that bind man to the society in which he lives. These relationships arise as a result of several events, some of which are related to the ties of individuals and are dominated by the principle of the will of power. Others relate to the individual's connection to the State and are governed by the principle of public authority. If the constitutional law deals with the form of the state and its system of government, regulating its public powers and the rights and liberties of individuals, and the political system means that it is the system of government in the state, it is clear that the law is compatible with the system of government. .
The study of constitutional law in the past has focused on the legal analysis of the rules governing political power. It is concerned with explaining the legal and constitutional provisions that highlight the external form of the regime in a country and the organization of public authorities without regard to the objectives of the public authorities and their spheres of activity How to run it.

The study examined the physical characteristics of the soil of Al-Haidariyah area of Najaf Governorate by analyzing 32 soil samples depth (0-30) and (31-60)cm . The study included three types of soil: River shoulders , the soil of Rivers Basin and the soil of the plateau. The soil tissue varied spatially at depth (31-60 cm).
The morphological description of cultivated and uncultivated soil showed that the degree of clarity of the building was moderate to the two depth , while the type of building size was medium for the deep.
permeability varies spatially in the rates of water permeability, as it was at the sites of the ponds lower: because of the relative decrease in sand separators and the high proportion of clay and clay separations, while the height of the rate in the shoulder soil by 1.1 cm / hr to the high percentage of sand separators and the decrease of the proportion of clay and clay separations either in the soil (overlapping) and raised the plateau, we find a significant increase when compared with the soil basin and shoulders
It was also found that the color of the soil brownish yellowish and dark yellowish brown color Is predominant in most soil samples of the study area

The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model of education based on the philosophical foundations of Imam Ali's words through descriptive-analytical method extracted from selected texts in Alawi's Sire. In this study, a number of Imam Ali's claims were selected and studied as a proposition, which resulted in recognition of a limited number of foundations and more than one source of basic principles as well as various educational methods. Based on the results of this research, considering the coefficient of influence of internal transformation and belief on the other activities of the trainer, it can be suggested that our educational instructors should initiate any kind of educational development in themselves first then in society and the community members. Also, from his words, an educational model with philosophical principles was developed. Hence, it can be claimed that to design a conceptual model of education, principles, foundations and methods for achieving goals based on a pattern derived from the philosophical foundations of ontology, anthropology, knowledge was derived from Imam Ali (PBUH).

Poetry of Resistance and Sustainability reflects the pain and suffering that people of a land or territories have suffered from war, colonialism, tyranny and suffocation during a period of time. In this field, committed and revolutionary poets have never been indifferent to the conditions of their society and their concerns have led to the creation of concepts and images of revolutionary poems. The two countries of Iran and Iraq have been watching for a long time because of their importance, the greed of foreigners and various political and social events, and the peoples of these lands have persevered to defend their land and values. Cultural similarity, close relationships and the existence of different ethnic and religious differences emphasize the need to examine the poetry of these two lands. In this way, the two national and revolutionary poets Hamid Sabzevari and Hamid Safi Najafi mirror the whole view of their country's social problems. Palestine, martyrdom, praise of the prowess of the fighters, hope of victory, inviting to fight, mentioning the crimes of the enemy and ... Because the poet's audience is the sustainability of the general public, the poetry's poetry style is simple and fluent, full of emotion and nationalism, for a better understanding of the message. There is also a taboo of sarcasm and metaphor in Safi Najafi's lyrics. The imaginary imagery in the poetry of both poets is far from perfect, and metaphors and metaphors are often tangible and understandable in that pseudo-like form is easy to understand.

When we look at the letters of Imam Ali (p) in the book of Nahj Al-Balagha, we find the metaphorical employment of its various types, apparent and evident, and most of these expressions correspond to the words of the Qur'an in the mind and the building. The letters written by Imam Ali (p) of Mu'awiyya ibn Abi Sufiyyan and the commanders of the army bore the character of intimidation, denunciation, and commanding orders. The letters of the imam were decorated with a metaphorical and descriptive structure that suggested their meanings and fields were indicative of Qur'anic signs. In this study, we tried to apply what was stated in the Imam's (p) letters with the Qur'anic verses that are similar to them. We found the original metaphor, the possibility, the deception, and the appropriate justification also to quote from the Qur'an with little difference in the words taken by the imam in the letters

Resistance is the right of self-defense, land, values and values. It was expressed in our Arab heritage in jihad. The confrontation of the enemy is the smaller jihad, and the confrontation of the self and the enemy of the enemy is the greatest jihad, as we see in the Persian and Arabic literature. Both poets lived with a confident faith in victory over themselves in harsh life, and for their people to colonize and persecute.In this brief paper, we try to focus on the concept of resistance and its forms, emphasizing that the resistance in these two poets is one of the most literal of the ability to manifest the resistance. They are the messenger of the defense of the land and its human being. They aim to embody the use of these concepts in their poetry and show their influence in the reader's spirit; they are intent on resistance in order to create new meanings that add to the text. In this article, we adopted a descriptive descriptive approach to illustrate the intricacies of the forms of resistance in the poetry of
NasrollahMardani and Mahmoud Darwish

Poems somotiones poet uses the humorous methods to express his criticism to political, social issues which he faces in his society, but sqrcasm carries pain and grief, it is why it has called bitter. The poet at first smiles, but the smile changes in to responsibility and reflection. The well- Known Iraqian poet, YahyaSamavi motivated emotions and thoughts due to colonizer, imposing regimes in the form of sarcasm. He has use Quran verses and the spiritual mystery to make the beautiful context and to enrich, to increase the poems. He is a revolutionized, Iraqian poet who has used all kinds at literary techniques due to Islamic awaking, in order to broadcast the resistance culture in Islamic- Arabic countries.
This study is describtive- analytical, it tries to examine sarcasm in YahyaSamavi's poems.

Reaching all the teachings of the Quran is possible for an entire man who is representative of God’s great name. And all innocent Imams are a single light and speaker Quran. So understanding Quran’s purposes briefly definitely needs to “expression” and innocent testimony and determined “Imam” by God so all the time for solving problems and issues of society, it will be a sturdy and strong refuge and maintaining the honor of the Muslim Ummah is supplied by knowledge and innocence of that “testimony”. From Imam Khomeini's view, the Quran and Ahlul-Bayt are crucial for human’s fate. Provided that they are not separated. A care in his holy-political recommendation shows that its the original nature is explain Saqalayn Hadith and authentic life is impossible unless we adhere to Saqalayn and life without leadership “a clean life” is not possible and Prosperity in this world and hereafter depends on adherence to the Qur'an and Ahlul-Bayt and the inmate's trust to them. This article discusses the need for adherence to Saqalayn with the ideas of Imam Khomeini and by enjoying a rich source of Quran and traditions, wisdom and words are mixed to each other and according to the referent Verses with appendix of Hadithes, the need for adherence to Saqalayn through Quran, tradition, wise and aggregation is proved and while expressing how to adhere, factors, effects and results of not adhering to Saqalayn is considered

Jurisprudents and lawyers have considered one of the causes of stoning and banning erosion Hajj in the legal term means non-livelihood and has been cited by the jurisprudents in order to prohibit the seizure of Quranic verses. However, they have expressed some exceptions and say that the minor is due to the confessional consensus, whether it is a witness or a non-verb, in All confiscation, except in exceptional cases, is the question that the criterion of exclusion is the prohibition of Sabbi's capture? And can it be extended to other topics? The writer, in the jurisprudence and jurisprudence of civil law, believes that the condition of the judgments is mandatory maturity, and the exceptions are not binding on judgments, but that they relate to the provisions of the law or to unnecessary duties of authority, and the rule of non-maturity is in the provisions of the situation of the case of the jurisprudents. The cases of the ruling are controversial, and on the other hand, non-mandatory assignments are given to children and their worship is legitimate, and in case of doubt, the principle is based on the unlawfulness of the child's verdict

Analyzing sentence is believed to be one the most important topics having occupied the minds of linguists and rhetorician since the ancient times.The discovery of rules governing the sentence elements and organizing the parts of the sentence has been of the prime efforts ,and especially the extraposition of elements in Arabic can be a controversial one.Element extraposition is considered to be a type of scrambling which can be seen in long distance and near distance one .This study uses the theories of transformation grammar to prove that in Arabic scrambling is of near distance one more as transferring some element out of the sentence while keeping the discourse style of the sentence is difficult. On the other hand,transferring the elements to right is intrinsic while it is extrinsic to dislocate the elemts to the left.Of the semantic and rhetoric purposes of scrambling are focus ,ground and specification

Every literary text, and especially any good text, is composed of a coherent and interconnected structure that interconnects all its elements and components.
No story can be imagined without its components and its constituent elements. In this article, the prominent elements of the story such as the subject, the plot and its components, the angle of view of the contemporary Iraqi al-Badrarmaṇḍāris, the "Allah of God" novel, are examined. Ali Badr is one of the most famous writers in the contemporary Arab world who has always shown sensitivity to the events of the community, which is itself a reason for some kind of commitment and conspiracy. This novels reveal the hidden cultural and social life of the Iraqi people in the 1980s in Baghdad, in which the author reflects on the problems of people living in conditions of unfavorable conditions and the social, cultural and economic disorder of this society in the war between Iran and Iraq,
His style in this novel is a combination of literary realism and literacy; he uses all the specific narrative techniques and expression to overshadow all the elements of the story and open a new perspective on events before the reader.
This article is based on an analytical descriptive method. The results of the research indicate that the author used all methods in the processing of narrative elements

IbnAbi-Hatamar-Razi is one of the most outstanding scholars of jarh
and ta’deel. He is the author of the first comprehensive book in the
science of criticism that is “al-Jarhwat-Ta’deel”. He had authored
his exhaustive book under supervision of his father, Abi-Hatamar-Razi
and his uncle Abi-Zar’ahar-Razi. IbnAbi-Hatamar-Razi has adhered,
by the directions of these two imams, to enclose all texts of the
imams of the science about decisions made on the narrators whether by describing them righteousness and accurateness or by finding any
deficiency. He was succeeded to collect the biggest possible number of
the words of jarh and ta’deel about the narrators and imams, which
made his book the first and the most comprehensive book in this
science and a base for the successors and their first source.
This short essay aims to shed light on the method of IbnAbi-Hatam in
the criticism in the light of his book “al-Jarhwat-Ta’deel” showing
the extent of his expertise in this science and to find how much he
was correct in his criticism according to the method of analytic
criticism referring to his book “al-Jarhwat-Ta’deel”.
evidence or he ignores them
without writing their biography, especially it happens with the people
of opinion (Ashab-ur-Ray).

This article aims to study the management and appreciation of the Quranic matters of the Qur'an. After referring to the verses that are proportionate to the research, they explain the important words, the assessment of things in the Qur'an and the importance of the Qur'an, and the existence or absence of the rivalry between discretion and choice. The most important conclusion of this research is that it is not in the source of appreciation, difference and contradiction, but science and knowledge can differ in relation to appreciation.
They come from heaven to earth. God's knowledge is infinite and is not confined to any place and time. God knows with his eternal knowledge the appreciation of all things. Therefore, the appreciation of the universe and the appreciation of God's destiny for one year from the other.

Homeland is an emotional, natural and spontaneous, meaning a sense of belonging to the homeland. From the era of ignorance, people travel through issues such as nostalgia for the land, the crying of ancient artifacts, and the remembrance of the country, and the beauty of its colorful and colorful nature, of pure love. They have interpreted themselves as their homeland. The country was commonly referred to throughout Arabic territory throughout the whole of the Arab world, and it did not signify anything unique to the Arabs, as one of the characteristics of the Arab life, the transfer and emigration from the land to the other land and the deposition It was a constant place. The concept of the homeland gradually progressed to a point where it found a special interest in the contemporary age. The homeland was understood in the hometown of man and his breeding ground. Thus, the phenomenon of patriotism was manifested more clearly in Arabic poetry. The theme of patrioticism is one of the main elements of the poetry of poets in the field of Arabic literature, which seems to be Poets made special efforts. Ezra became apparent in Egyptian Arabic literature, one of the scholars of the patriotic literature of the two Egyptians, "Rofaeh Tahtawi." He, with his vast cultural and literary activities, succeeded in cultivating the spirit of Patrioticism throughout His friendship with him comes from deep inner feelings such as love and nostalgia for hometowns and other thoughts and thoughts. Modern West. Considering the significance of the concept of patriotism in the present age, we tried, as a fundamental goal, to try, as far as possible, in the study of patriotism in the court of "Rofaeh tahtawi" based on a descriptive-analytical method that was based on the analysis of the poetic text of this poet Stare Starewrd One of the achievements worth mentioning is that Tahtawi has been able to relent the passion of the past, the invitation to patriotism, the love of Egypt, the interest in the historical monuments of the homeland, and the invitation to resist and jihad in the way of preserving

This paper is a critical discourse analysis of the ideology of power in unequal treaties of peace. It investigates the system of ideas which expresses the interests of the powerful states with the aim discovering the ideological strategies of discourse , and the way such strategies are utilized for their interests. For this end, the study analyzes some treaties(bilateral and multilateral) drawing upon an eclectic model adopted from Fairclough's (1989) and Van Dijk's (2006). It appears that treaty participants' interests involve presenting the strategies of consensus, and reasonable justifications for concluding such agreement, as well as presupposing what the powerful participants require to achieve as something taken for granted. However, all are practiced for the purpose of power sustaining .

The paper presents a brief background about group work and its nature. The overall aim of the paper is to find out whether or not the group work is an effective method in English language teaching in the department of English in the College of Arts, University of Kufa, and also, why teachers use group work in the curriculum? A questionnaire is used to collect data. Ten questions are presented and the participated student has four answers to pick from, he can choose from answers such as agree, strongly agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The results showed that female students prefer group work more than male students. The concept of group work is an effective method in the department of English language, in the College of Arts.