Journal of Education for Humanities

Praying upon the Prophet (peace be upon him) has many benefits in this life and the hereafter,. Because of it, mercy and forgiveness are descended, and divine blessings and breezes are bestowed. By praying upon our messenger, (peace be upon him) the Muslim obtains reward. Praying is an act of worship to God Almighty., If the Muslim wants to obtain the intercession of our Messenger, (peace be upon him) he/she must pray a lot upon him, (peace be upon him). In this simple study, I will mention the contexts in which it is recommended or not recommended to pray upon the Prophet (peace be upon him). In each context I will mention the evidence and explain the ruling of it. The research was divided into an introduction, four topics, and a conclusion.

A field study aimed to know the role of strategic management in achieving sustainable development goals in the colleges of the University of Baghdad. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method. The research community consisted of (224) assistant deans and department heads in the colleges of the University of Baghdad. The research sample was chosen by simple random method by (56%) of the research population, as the number of sample members was (125). A questionnaire was constructed that included (40) items distributed among the fields (future vision, laws and regulations, organizational structure, and implementation). The researcher confirmed its validity and reliability. The results of the research data were analyzed using the SPSS program, and the most important results were reached:
1-The overall average score for the four areas was very good in the role of strategic management in achieving sustainable development goals.
2-Postgraduate studies lack a clear strategy, vision and future approach.
3- The strategy should move away from structures that monopolize powers in the hands of the center only.
4-There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05 =&) between the averages of the research sample’s answers with regard to strategic management in achieving sustainable development due to the variables: (gender, experience, and specialization).
In addition to arriving at a number of recommendations and proposals related to the research.

Rationalizing consumption has a major impact on the individual and social economy, and the Holy Qur’an shows this through many verses that call for, direct and guide the economy, rationalization in spending money and other things, and categorically forbid extravagance and extravagance, and confirms that the best way is moderation and mediation in dealing with financial expenses in a way that meets the need. The individual and society and keeping the surplus to spend it on future necessities, in the needs and desires of the individual and society, and called for the development of money in the benefits that bring positive returns to man in his present and future, which has a great impact on sustainable development. It required that the research be organized around three demands. The first requirement: in a statement Meanings of vocabulary, and the second and third requirements in the contents of the research.

The research aims to identify (The Effectiveness of Contract Learning Strategy on the Ability of Fifth-ScientificGrade-Female Students to Utilize Quranic Verses and Prophetic Sayings in Real-life Situations),The research sample consisted of (72) female students from the fifth scientific grade at (Sawda Bint Zam’a Secondary School for Girls) affiliated with the Nineveh Education Directorate for the academic year (2023-2024), which were chosen intentionally. Among the schools in the city of Mosul, and by a random drawing method, the group chose (A) to represent the experimental group consisting of (35) female students who will study according to the nodal learning method, and (B) to represent the control group, a group consisting of (37) female students who will study according to the usual method. To verify the research objective, the researcher relied on an experimental design. The researcher prepared, with two equal groups, a tool to test the use of Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths, consisting of (15) items. The researcher verified its validity and reliability, and the researcher applied it after completing the experiment and after analyzing the results statistically using a t-test for two independent samples. There is a statistically significant difference. At the level of (0.05) between the averages of employing Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadiths among members of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group.

The relationship between the network of automobile transportation roads and tourism activity at the level of Zakho District is considered to create spatial benefit for economic, social and cultural development through roads extending towards tourist sites, meaning that transportation represents the main base for tourism and its popularity is capable of generating and attracting traffic by using means of transportation to reduce the distance between Tourist sites then provide spatial access and spatial connectivity, and the development of transportation means make the world resemble a small village. The tourist is concerned with the time to reach the tourist destination he wants to go to through the transportation road network. The research goal: to study the spatial characteristics of the automobile road network, in addition to the network Car roads, their lengths and types, a study of the potential for tourism activity in Zakho district, including tourist sites (natural, archaeological, religious) and tourist services (hotels, restaurants, cafes), then a quantitative assessment of the car road network towards tourist sites through indicators (detours, degree of connection to the sites). Tourism).

This study investigated the biography and scientific biography of the historian Muhammad bin Abi Al-Surour Al-Bakri, due to this scholar’s great scientific and historical wealth. After research, we found that there is a discrepancy in some accounts in the transmission of news by historians regarding the biography and scientific biography, and through our study after By referring to the author's manuscript sources and historical texts, and to the sources that specialized in studying his biography, we were able to confirm the differences reported regarding the issue of name, birth, and death, as it ended the problems that researchers encountered regarding his name, lineage, birth, and death. The study also touched on his academic biography, examining the extent of the influence of his father and his cousins on his upbringing in terms of the scientific and religious aspects of Ibn Abi Al-Surour, as he accompanied his father from a young age in books and knowledge circles, memorizing the Holy Qur’an and writing the Prophet’s biography when he was seven years old. The study focused on his status among the notables of his time from The scholars and sheikhs from whom he studied and from whom he learned various sciences. This influence was evident in his scientific output, in addition to his contact with a large number of scholars, writers, and ascetics of his time who provided his scientific wealth with a lot of historical and religious information. We were also able to access this wealth of knowledge and knowledge represented by His published and unpublished works, as well as the resources from which the author derived his scientific material.

The literary journey is considered one of the major literary genres, as it contains between its pillars minor and literary genres that are composed to embody the text of the journey and one of the frequently used literary genres is the autobiography. This literary genre presents the life of its author at different times and in changing places, and it also reveals the authors’ inner feelings and impressions of the place. This research attempts to reveal the manifestations of Ibn Masum Al-Madani’s journey in his Salwat al-Gharib and Suwat al-Arib in which he records his journey from Al-Medina to India and his residence there for a period of time in response to his father’s desire to move to him because he held a job in India. He forced his family to follow him, and they were unwilling to leave the holy land that was their familiar home.

Modern technologies, including remote sensing and geographic information systems through spectral indicators, have contributed to detecting spatial and temporal change and variation in land cover, including vegetation, including the Vegetation Greenness Index (NDVI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI).
The research aims to reveal the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation cover in Rania and Maimouna districts for the years (1990 and 2020) using satellite visuals from the American Landsat satellite and calculating the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation cover and the variation in its vegetative state between the two districts, in the form of maps and tables according to the two indicators mentioned above.
Two regions were studied, one in northern Iraq (Raniya District in Sulaymaniyah Governorate) and the other in its south (Al-Maymouna District in Maysan Governorate). This is because the two regions differ in terms of topographical and climatic characteristics in general and rainfall in particular, which gives a clearer picture of the effect of these varying characteristics on Plant condition and areas in the study area.
The study found a decline in green spaces and a variation in their condition for the years 1990 and 2020 in the study area.

This study included images of cultural interaction between the East and the West during the Crusades, which had an impact on changing Western societies towards civilization and liberation from the cultural backwardness that was prevalent in Europe. Eastern civilization with its sophistication began to invade the European mind until the Crusaders began to adapt to the new society, trying in its beginnings. He approached and courted the Easterners, especially the Christians, for political purposes, but without realizing it, he acquired many Eastern customs and traditions that he was not accustomed to until he began to become familiar with them with the passage of time. He began to celebrate, eat, dress, play, and take care of his personal hygiene in the Eastern manner. Because of this, the Crusaders were exposed to a wave of From violent criticism because of their resemblance to Easterners, especially the Bulan class.

This study included images of cultural interaction between the East and the West during the Crusades, which had an impact on changing Western societies towards civilization and liberation from the cultural backwardness that was prevalent in Europe. Eastern civilization with its sophistication began to invade the European mind until the Crusaders began to adapt to the new society, trying in its beginnings. He approached and courted the Easterners, especially the Christians, for political purposes, but without realizing it, he acquired many Eastern customs and traditions that he was not accustomed to until he began to become familiar with them with the passage of time. He began to celebrate, eat, dress, play, and take care of his personal hygiene in the Eastern manner. Because of this, the Crusaders were exposed to a wave of From violent criticism because of their resemblance to Easterners, especially the Bulan class.

The aim of the research is to identify “the effect of the (KUD) strategy in developing creative thinking among fifth grade scientific students of the Holy Quran and Islamic education”
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed a null hypothesis, and a sample of students in the fifth scientific grade for the academic year (2023-2024) was intentionally selected from the schools of the Mosul District Center, two schools: (Al-Rashidiya Preparatory School for Boys and Sur Nineveh Preparatory School for Boys). The two research groups were chosen from these two schools. Randomly by drawing method, the sample consisted of (67) students who were distributed into two groups, the first an experimental group that included (36) students who studied according to the (KUD) strategy, and the second a control group that included (31) students who studied the subject according to the usual method.
The result of the research was that there was a statistically significant difference between the average grades of the experimental group students who studied according to the (KUD) strategy and the grades of the control group students who studied according to the usual method of developing creative thinking, in favor of the experimental group.
In light of the research results, the researcher came up with several conclusions, including that the use of the (KUD) strategy had a role in developing creative thinking among fifth-grade scientific students in the Holy Quran and Islamic Education subject, and he recommended directing male and female teachers of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education subject in the secondary stage to adopt modern strategies in Teaching, including the KUD strategy, because of its impact on developing creative thinking among student.

The high poverty rate in the study area due to the deterioration of the agricultural sector because it is the basis of the rural economy. The production of agricultural crops is of great importance as it is the main food for the population. It also provides the requirements for livestock and raw materials for many industries. Agricultural development is one of the most important means that can contribute In improving agricultural production, which helps advance the wheel of economic development, which is reflected positively in reducing the phenomenon of poverty. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to study and analyze the most important natural and human components of agriculture, and to identify the most prominent obstacles and limitations of agricultural production that were reflected in the increase in the poverty rate. In the countryside of Salah al-Din Governorate. The study revealed that the countryside of the study area suffers from a high poverty rate, reaching 27.5% in 2023. The study showed that the natural and human conditions in the study area are suitable for growing many crops, which contributes effectively to achieving comprehensive agricultural development if invested correctly.

The goal of the current research is to identify (the effect of the driver model on developing emotional balance among second-year middle school students) students who studied according to the usual method. The researcher used an experimental design with two equal groups. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a tool to test the development of emotional balance, which consists of 35 items. The researcher verified its validity, stability, and strength of distinction. The researcher applied it before starting the experiment and after completing it. To extract the results, the following statistical methods were used (T-test). (t-test) for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correction coefficient) The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the averages of the experimental and control groups in the test for developing emotional balance in favor of the experimental group.

Measurement is considered one of the important sources that researchers should pay attention to. It is the fourth source of legislation after the Quran, Sunnah, and consensus. Scholars, both ancient and modern, have shown interest in it, including Imam Al-Juwayni, the author of the book "Nihayat al-Matlab," which is one of the most important and largest books in Shafi'i jurisprudence.
This research consists of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The introduction highlights the importance of the topic, the reasons for choosing it, previous studies, research methodology, and the research plan.
The first section defines measurement, its significance, pillars, and provides a brief overview of the book "Nihayat al-Matlab" and Imam Al-Juwayni.
The second section presents various examples of jurisprudential issues based on measurement in the book of expenditures.
The conclusion discusses the research findings, recommendations, and highlights key results.

The research includes identifying the effect of teaching university courses in Arabic and English on the achievement of students of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Pure Sciences, and to verify the goal of the research, the researcher developed the null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of the students of the first experimental group, which The university courses were studied in the Arabic language and the average grades of the students of the second experimental group, which studied the university courses in the English language, in achievement. The researcher chose the research community and sampled students from the Department of Life Sciences / College of Education for Pure Sciences for the four stages and the influence of the Arabic and English language in teaching the scientific university courses, which are ( Cell - tissue - genetics - immunity)... Based on the criterion of the final achievement of the students and using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher reached the conclusion that there is no statistically significant difference between the university courses in the Department of Life Sciences taught in Arabic and English among the students of the first and second experimental groups in teaching.

This research stands on a fact that we have always felt, which is the oath. Linguistically, oath by fatha is the source of (dividing) the thing and it is divided, and oath by kasra is the line and the share of goodness, and oath is an oath, and its origin is from qasamah, which is faith - it is divided among the saints in blood. The section has two holes on the right. So the word oath has a clear meaning and is equivalent to an oath and an oath in the Arabic language, but it is given in order to confirm the news and the content. That is, emphasizing and strengthening the speech, and it must be made clear that the oath and the oath are equivalent to the oath. The meaning of the oath is strength and ability. It came in Lisan Al-Arab: and the oath is strength and ability. It was said that the oath was called an oath because when they united, each of them would strike his right hand over the other’s right hand. As for the oath, its meaning is not devoid of force as well. An oath by breaking it is the covenant that is between the people, and he swore to it, i.e., he made a covenant, and they made an alliance, i.e., they made a pact. The oath has elements: the swearer, what he swears to, what he swears to, and the purpose of the oath. The oath is the action of the chosen agent, and it can only come from him, whether it is obligatory, like God Almighty, or possible, like a human being or others. As for what he swears by, every people has sacred matters by which they swear. What is sworn to is intended to be a response to the oath that is intended to confirm, confirm, and verify it. This is what is said. The intent of the oath is to verify the information and confirm it.

The aim of this study is to compare the indicators of sustainable urban development and their weights in Iraq and the Anbar Governorate. To do this, the research will analyse the indicators of sustainable urban development in the city of Amriyah and compare them with those indicators' weights there. The results of the field survey and the data at hand revealed that the city of Amriyah is following a municipal trend in embracing the idea of sustainable urban development. The development of the level of community services aimed at supporting the city's citizens and enhancing quality of life in it, as well as the sustainability of transportation networks and new highways that opened the city and pulled it out of its isolation. Along with improving infrastructure network efficiency and adaptability to the city's growing population, other sustainable urban development indicators also varied in their support of the 2030 sustainable urban development agenda, showing both positive and negative trends.

The research seeks to evaluate the efficiency of sanitary land uses in the city of Nasiriyah by using some spatial and statistical tools available in the geographic information systems environment represented by the (GIS) program. It has become clear that there is a large spatial variation in the distribution of urban services at the level of the city’s neighborhoods in terms of their spatial distribution and efficiency. Functionally, it is difficult to work on redistributing these services in terms of the economic costs that will be spent on them, as well as the reflection of their negative effects, whether psychological or historical, on the residents of the city of Nasiriyah. Accordingly, spatial analyst applications were used Within the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment, for the purpose of building a spatial suitability model that contributes to choosing the best suitable locations for distributing urban services, including health services in the city of Nasiriyah in the future, which basic design planners and decision makers can rely on when choosing locations to distribute those services. The researcher worked to use the techniques available within geographic information systems and based on remote sensing data to build a spatial suitability model for the most appropriate locations that can be used in signing and building new urban services.

Transportation is one of the reasons that contribute effectively to the prosperity of tourism in any country. Through all types of transportation methods and means, all requirements for tourism activity are provided and promoted in the destination places, meaning that transportation represents the basic basis for tourism and its popularity. The prosperity of tourism and entertainment activity in any country is closely linked to the progress of means and methods of transportation, so the research aims to determine the nature of the spatial relationships between the development highway and tourist sites in Iraq. The research revealed that if the first path was adopted as an option for the rapid development road, the number of sites served would be 40 religious tourist sites, with a relative importance of 48.78%, and about 39 historical archaeological sites, with a relative importance of 56.52% of the total archaeological sites in Iraq. As for adopting the second or third alternative, the number of sites served would be 68 sites. Religious tourism has a relative importance of 82.92%, and about 47 archaeological and historical tourism sites have a relative importance of about 68.11% of the total tourist sites in Iraq.

The current research aims to identify (the effective effect of (Find the Error Strategy) in getting the students of the literary class in the subject of philosophy and self-knowledge to develop their social intelligence).
The researchers chose the experimental design with two equal groups, and the researchers taught the experimental group using (find the error strategy), while the control group was taught using the usual method. The research sample was determined intentionally, and the researchers chose (Al-Amin Secondary School for Boys) to implement their experiment, and they randomly chose Section (A) to be a group. Experimental and Section (B) to be a control group. The number of students in the two research groups was (63) students distributed into two groups, with (32) students for the experimental group and (30) students for the control group. The researchers conducted equivalence in the variables (intelligence, previous year’s grades, intelligence social),
The subject matter specified for the experiment was unified for the two research groups, which are the topics of the philosophy and psychology textbook for the academic year (2022-2023). The scientific subject that the researchers would teach for the academic year (2022-2023) was determined, and the duration of the experiment was uniform and equal for students in the two groups (experimental and control). The experiment began on Thursday, corresponding to (10/20/2022) and ended on Tuesday, corresponding to (1/10/2023).
The researchers prepared teaching plans in light of the educational content of the subject-specific classes and the behavioral objectives deduced for teaching for the experimental group, which was organized according to the “find the error strategy” and for the control group, which was organized according to the usual method of teaching.
The researchers prepared an achievement test consisting of (36) test items of the type of objective tests (multiple choice) with four alternatives to measure the levels of remembering, understanding, and application. The validity of the test and the level of difficulty of its items, their discrimination and reliability were verified. They also formulated the items for the Social Intelligence Scale, which amounted to (30) items with five alternatives: (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). The researchers gave the weights (1, 2, 3, 4). 5) respectively, and the results of the research showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the two research groups in the achievement test and the social intelligence scale, in favor of the experimental group, which studied the specific academic subject for the duration of the experiment using (find the error strategy) over the students of the control group who studied in the traditional way.
In light of the research results, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.
 

Writing was considered a tool used by man to convey his thoughts, ideas and knowledge, and the arts and methods of Arabic prose multiplied in Andalusia until it included all the arts of traditional prose, which was known in the Levant, such as speeches, letters, shrines and debates, in addition to what the Andalusians added to, as dictated by the circumstances of their lives and their own environment. In addition to the emergence of a class of writers who mastered the art of writing, which gave their prose a distinctive character, if it was considered the result of their moods, culture, conditions of their society, and the nature of their country. Once we returned to the definition of correspondence and correspondence, we found that language books abound with them, so we must find the concept of each of them, as well as find the difference between them.

This paper seeks to trace the philosophical ideas of transformational generative theory discussed in Iraqi university research and recontextualize them into their philosophical origins. It also aims to critique the perception of those researchers in an attempt to address the fallacies and rectify the path towards a conscious understanding of the theory. This paper required that more than one approach be used. The historical approach is used to return the philosophical foundations to their origins. The descriptive approach is used to examine them in both Chomsky’s and Iraqi researchers’ works. Then, a comparison is made between the two. Finally, we provide a critical view of the nature of Iraqi researchers' perceptions of the foundations. The study concluded that there is a clear dearth of how Iraqi researchers perceive the philosophical foundations of the transformational generative theory. This led to issues and fallacies like separating the philosophical foundations from their contexts unaware of the original context or attributing them incorrectly, resulting in a knowledge gap in the overall perception of the theory.

This research includes the cultural forces and factors influencing the thought of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), the wisdom of ideas and the brilliance of the methods that he derived from the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Prophet’s Sunnah. It is considered a beacon that illuminates life and guides to knowledge and culture, as well as seeking to liberate and enlighten the minds of society and create a generation. He is educated in this direction, which the Commander of the Faithful expressed in his intellectual and cultural positions and ideas, to consolidate and establish them in the minds of readers across generations, and to seek increased interest in this aspect in our society, not to mention his commandments (peace be upon him) to Muslims in general in teaching them and directing them on good treatment, cultural fitness, and everything else. It includes books, letters, and wills of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), explanations and answers to various issues, lessons, advice, and cultural guidance for all Muslims throughout history. Therefore, the researchers used (the descriptive analytical approach) to achieve the goal of this research by answering the following question:
“What are the cultural forces and factors influencing the thought of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him)?”?

The development matter is considered one of the crucial cases that received a wide attention from researchers in various and wide majors like : economical field , administration and social field that is represented in sociology …. etc . Besides making it as a priority program and international and regional policies , because of its effectiveness that effects people's life , the development has become a basic demand more than the gone years to achieve and meet the needs of people and raise their living style , particularly if it is related to poor people who suffer from poverty , frailty in regional societies , this study is divided into two sides , the first one includes the importance of the study that supports the advantages of the problem at hands , methodology of the study represented in form of analytical approach in presenting the information , the second side sheds the light on the obstacles of social development in Iraqi countryside , the major obstacles , regional development , rural and civilized relations , and the results of the study that the researcher has arrived at are that Iraq needs a clear vision for rural development , and there are challenges need to be overcome and social objectives have to be reached , Iraqi reliance in developmental programs on rural only without paying attention to country sides , clearance scope of the importance of rural development in supporting society by people who have positive influence , and showing the importance of rural habits and traditions in the development within country sides .
Regarding the gist which is reached via the researcher is that the Iraqi country side is one of the crucial supports that provides society by people who have direct influence on the society because they are participant members in social foundations , in addition the Iraqi country side is a supporting resource to the vegetation and animal wealth that need to develop and awake its workers . Keywords (development, obstacles, social, rural)

The African American poet LeRoi Jones (1934-2014), was celebrated as the groundbreaker of Western ideas associated with the deliberate degradation of the blacks in the United States. He was dissatisfied with the signifying system of the standard English language due to his belief that this system is biased and does not reflect the needs and desires of black people. Many studies dealt with his revolutionary writings, yet no study examines his linguistic rebellion. Thus, this article investigates his rebellion against the English language signifying system in Jones’ Black Dada Nihilsmus in light of Gates’ theory of The Signifying Monkey (1988). This theory explains the linguistic attempts of African American writers of challenging the standard English. The article concludes that Jones’ linguistic rebellion is a vital technique of rejecting English language biased signification. Additionally, it re-signifies new meanings that fit the articulation of the African American voice in Jones’ poem.

( The global economy began to develop through the establishment of economic blocs and partnerships , including the Euro - Mediterranean Partnership , which was established between the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea , with its three sides : Asian , African , and European .
The reason for this cooperation was the European countries' efforts to strengthen their relations with these countries because of the strategic importance that this region enjoys, represented by natural resources, cultural depth, and large human population, not to mention the European Union's desire to stand up to American projects in the Middle East region, security challenges, and illegal immigration.

Sultan sheds light on the search for the political role played by the armies of the republics controlling the political system according to history, giving examples and samples of models of military leaders who represent the concealment or the influential cause in the matter, although the bullets of America in Latin America and the intervention of the army in the political system are prominent. To a global theory about the causes and nature of the generally important social and military explanations, and the external role extended to the United States of America, a statistical study has explained about 550 successful coups in various Latin American countries since independence until the sixth decade of the twentieth century, within the framework of searching for the structure, motives and roots of the organization in the Jewish political system.

This study aims to represent the natural characteristics of Bashiqa district, which extends over an area of (511.40) km2 in northern Iraq and northeast of Mosul city, administratively affiliated to Mosul district within Nineveh Governorate. Maps of the natural characteristics of the study area were prepared, including (geology, topography, climate, and soil).
The study concluded, through the prepared maps, that the study area varies in its natural characteristics in terms of the geology of the area, as it consists of geological formations dating back to the Tertiary and Quaternary periods, and also varies in terms of topography, as the study area consists of flood plains, aggregate plains, plateaus, hills, and mountains. The study area also varies climatically in terms of solar radiation, temperatures, and rainfall. The study area also varies in terms of the nature of its soil, as it is divided according to Bjornke's division into three categories.

The hadith was narrated alone on the authority of the Messenger of God, Al-Irbadh bin Sariyah, and it was narrated by several narrators whose paths were not free from interruption or ignorance, except the path of Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami,who is not accepted as being unique, and he was not requesting the hadith in the sources except it, in addition to the aspects of the hadith and its confusion, As for the objectionable content of the text in its saying: (the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs), it is contrary to the principles of Sharia. Indeed, the actions of the Companions, disagreed among themselves, and none of them used it as evidence. Then the Messenger of God, informed them. It was used in the Fajr prayer, so why did no one mention it except Al-Irbad? Then his disciples did not narrate it from him. Rather, only the unknown and those who did not know about the request for hadith narrated it! Without finding this word in the evidence!

This research is concerned with studying the title in the Iraqi theatrical text in general and the theatrical texts of
(Qasim Matroud) Secondly, due to the importance of studying the title as a science of the modern sciences called the science of titling (altietralogic). We have tried to shed light on the title in the theatrical texts of this creative writer because the title is the first and main gateway through which the recipient can enter the worlds of the text. The title expresses the content of the text directly or indirectly, and it also represents the relationship at which the writer and the reader stand together.
The title may be embodied in the form of a letter, a word, an incomplete sentence, a group of dots or disjointed letters, but it represents the focus of work for a large number of meanings, connotations, suggestions and ideas, whether through direct or indirect allusion, which differ according to the reader of the text.
This study sought to address the concept of the title by working on the texts of the playwright (Qasim Matroud), adopting the analytical approach. In the research plan, we stopped at the meaning of the title in language and terminology, and the text as well in language and terminology, then a reading of the identity of the writer (Qasim Matroud) and then entering the world of the title in the theatrical texts (Qasim Matroud). We found that we should study it on three axes: 1) The spatial title 2) The temporal title 3) The intertextual title, then the conclusion and the results.

This research aims to uncover the effectiveness of narrative focalization in the novel Yenal by novelist Amjad Tawfiq in creating a rich fictional universe with intricate storytelling, dynamic narrative movement, and a profound depiction of characters\' emotions, social rituals, and human moments within its narrative representation. It shapes narrative scenes, deepens reader-text interaction, and skillfully portrays the intensity of reality, the overwhelming presence of emotions, the delicacy of sentiments, the bitterness of loss, and the harshness of misunderstandings about human existence in everyday life.
Additionally, the study seeks to explore the effectiveness of narration, whether produced by the narrator or one of the novel’s characters, as well as its role in driving the narrative forward. Particular attention is given to the narrator’s control over event sequences and diverse characters, which enable the revelation of reality. As the most influential element in shaping the novel’s nature, the narrator determines its trajectories and diagnoses its thematic directions.

The study of sustainable development is considered one of the important studies, especially for rural areas, as it includes many areas that enter into the features of life in the countryside, and the countryside of the Nile side was studied in this research, and it is one of the areas affiliated to the Mahawil District within the districts of Babel Governorate, which includes a population estimated at (59023) Population Estimates for 2018 The total of the rural districts in the district were (11) districts, which in turn include (49) stable, which includes (7674) households and (7236) housing units. Desired from the search Some concepts on sustainable development and goals and conditions for rural development were clarified, and through the first topic, the most important natural ingredients were identified, and the second topic touched on the most important ingredients The human impacts that contributes to the sustainable rural development process.
The reality of rural women and their role in the development process, and then it was touched In the third topic, and the fourth topic included concepts about the villages and villages nominated for development, and a map of the GIS system was used to distribute rural centers and the road network and draw a figure showing the Mu population in the countryside and put two pictures of Sinai School of Secondary School Sayyab Elementary, data was used to consider them in addition to the most important conclusions of the study and recommendations and sources.

The hadith was narrated alone on the authority of the Messenger of God, Al-Irbadh bin Sariyah, and it was narrated by several narrators whose paths were not free from interruption or ignorance, except the path of Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami,who is not accepted as being unique, and he was not requesting the hadith in the sources except it, in addition to the aspects of the hadith and its confusion, As for the objectionable content of the text in its saying: (the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs), it is contrary to the principles of Sharia. Indeed, the actions of the Companions, disagreed among themselves, and none of them used it as evidence. Then the Messenger of God, informed them. It was used in the Fajr prayer, so why did no one mention it except Al-Irbad? Then his disciples did not narrate it from him. Rather, only the unknown and those who did not know about the request for hadith narrated it! Without finding this word in the evidence!

The idea that intertextuality is not the unique property of one author; it is the cornerstone of the intertextuality hypothesis. However, their intertextual relationship, or connection to other texts, implies that a text does not work as a self-contained unit. Unlike other literary works, poems can be challenging for people to read and understand. The goal of the study is to determine whether intertextuality promotes more imaginative reading by analyzing how it is used in William Wordsworth's poems "Tintern Abbey" (1798) and "Daffodils" (1807). The study's goal was to determine whether the intertextuality in the selected poem by William Wordsworth improved imaginative reading. The study employed a qualitative research technique and a method of literature review to address the research question effectively. The study results imply that by analyzing the four stanzas of Wordsworth's poem using Fairclough’s (1989) making use of (2001) three- dimentional model, one can read and comprehend poetry more effectively and understand how William Wordsworth used intertextuality. In order to make those elements look as: This research also analyzes the function of intertextuality; this paper will test if it applies the intertextuality concept to William Wordsworth. This paper focuses on the pragmatics of intertextuality, which is seen as the more general cognitive and contextual reality that encourages readers to draw connections between texts in an intertextual. For our purposes, literary intertextuality is a collaborative process between the literary work and the reader, who must use textual elements and prior knowledge to make intertextual connections. Given the breadth of phenomena it has been used to represent, intertextuality is a philosophically challenging and hotly debated concept that as Irwin (2004) points out, has virtually as many definitions as users. It has also been used to refer to references to literary character names.