Journal of Biotechnology Research Center

Abstract
This study was aimed to micropropagate Lisianthus Eustoma grandiflora plant which is one of the important cut flowers. The study included many experiments, at the initiation stage, the effect of the two auxins Indole butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) supplemented to Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 0.3 mg/l of Benzyladenine (BA) were investigated for their effect on mean number of initiated shoots and length. type of explant were used namely, leaf discs. The effect of different strengths of MS and B5 media on mean number of multiplied shoots was also studied. During acclimatization, different mixture ratios of peat moss and river sand were examined in their effect on plantlets survival. Results showed that IBA achieved the highest mean shoot number formed on the three explants types under investigation reached 6.8 shoots with a mean length of 2.75 cm. Maximum mean shoot number reached 7.3 at the concentration 0.1 mg/l of IBA while maximum mean shoot number reached 6.4 at the concentration 0.0 mg/l of NAA. Results also revealed that MS medium was better than B5 medium in sustaining shoots yielding 8.8 and 6.6 for both media respectively. A significant reduction in mean number of shoots occurred with reducing the medium salt strength. Shoots transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of IBA produced the highest mean root number, length and rooting percentage reached 5.5 roots, 2.5 cm and 70% respectively while rooting percentage did not exceed 20% when the same medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of NAA. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized achiving 90% survival when grown on agricultural medium consisted of river sand : peat moss (2:1)v/v.

Abstract
This investigation was conducted to determine the response of 24 genetic recombination of wheat crop to bioinoculation with mixture of Glomus mosseae (Nicolson&Trappe.) Gerd&Trappe 250 spores/gram soil and 10ml (107cfu/ml) of Azotobacter chroococcum /0.5meter seeded line. Treatments were distributed in randomly block design with three replicates on 2010-2011growing season. Growth parameters: Percentage of germination, flowering after 106 days of germination, Maturity after 130 days of cultivation, Number of branches after 126 days of cultivation, dry weight of vegetative growth, number of spikes in the line, number of grains per spike, average weight of 1000 grain, and total weight of seeds in the line were taken. Results revealed different response of the tested recombinations for biofertilizers effects.The recombination wahat al Iraq, Babil, M707, Mexipaq, Furat, Dijla, Um-rabee, Tamose2, Tamose3, Ure, M619B, M613, M606, M615A, M630, M621, and Noor reveald significant increasing differences in most growth and productivity parameters specialy Wahat al Iraq, M707, Mexipaq, M613 which recorded yield increament at 96,89,59,57% respectively,while the recombination Tellaafar3, Adnaaia, Medaaen , M612, M633A, M615B, M633B showed negative response and recorded reduction percentages 10,15 ,4 ,12 ,9,45,24% as comparison with control respectively.

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interaction between different storage conditions on the viability of Beauveria bassiana spores. The test interaction involved incubating fungus spores in four media; Nutrient broth (NB), Potato extract dextrose agar (PDA), mixture of Wheat bran and corn cobs powder (WC) at the ratio 3: 1 supplied with distilled water and distilled water only as control under different temperature degrees ; Refrigerator temperature degree 8-10 Cº, Freez temperature degree -20 Cº , Lab temperature degree 28 ± 2 Cº and Incubator temperature degree 35 ± 1 Cº after three periods of storage ; one , two and three months. The results showed that the best period in which spores maintained their viability was one month of storage under different temperature conditions in all media whereas the percentage of the viability was 56.4 – 85.1% , the viability percentage was best at refrigerator were was 70.8 – 85.1% , 51.3 – 76.9% and 33.1 – 55.7% after one , two and three months of storage respectively. The results also showed that the WC was the best medium to maintain the percentage of spore viability after three months of storage which was 55.7%. On the other hand, the spore viability showed sharp reduction after three months of storage in all media at different temperatures whereas the percentage of viability was 17.1 – 55.7 %, at the second month a percentage of viability was 36.2–76.9%.

Abstruct
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of dried bakery yeast addition to the ration of Japanese quail and its effect on some hematological and biochemical parameters in treated birds in the beginning of egg production stage for two month duration. The fifty birds were divided randomly to five dietary treated groups. Each group contain two replicated five birds for each replicate. First group (control) were fed ration free from the dried bakery yeast. While the other four groups were fed ration plus dried bakery yeast with the following percentage 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% & 2.0% respectively. The results of this study showed significant differences with the effects of dried bakery yeast to the ration of the second group 0.5% in comparison with the control group in the hematological parameters which include an increase in the RBCs count 3.37 million/mm3, PCV 34.5% and hemoglobin 7.3 g / 100 ml of blood. There significant increase in the total protein value 5.2 g /100ml. there was significant decrease in SGPT and SGOT enzyme concentration in comparison with control group. There were no significant changes in the level of ALP in the second group 0.5% in comparison with the control group. Mean while a significant increase was noticed in the level of ALP for 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% groups in comparison with control group. We concluded from this study that the adding off 0.5% dried bakery yeast to the ration of birds was sufficient to induce the required effects on the hematological and biochemical parameters without need to increase the others concentrations in the rations 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. Mean while that didn’t show any effects on the studying parameters.

Abstract
Twenty four male rabbits were used in this experiments 6 weeks of age with average of 700-750 g, divided in to four equal groups (6 rabbits each). Animals of second group was equally injected with vitamin A, animals third group injection with 700 mg/kg vitamin C, animals fourth group injection with 3000 IU vitamin A + 700 mg vitamin C and animals of first group was the control groups. Every two week were weight, noticed increased in weight but not significant in the average body weight of the rabbits that injected with vitamin A from the other groups, but when we tacked the blood plasma from the rabbits after six weeks from the beginning of the experiments noticed significant increased p<0.05 in white blood cells number (6.20±0.69), hemoglobin concentration (12.11±0.01), red blood cells (4.43±0.03), platelets (305.6±12.91). however, decrease in packed cell volume (38.51±0.28) in animals groups injected by mixed vitamin A&C. Although, noticed non-significant increased in total protein (6.29±0.13), globulin (2.66±0.26) in animals were injected with vitamin A&C increased in average albumin, and decreased in globulin in animals were injected with vitamin A, however, increase in SAST & SALT enzymes, creatinine (1.37±0.16) and urea (40.34±1.15) in animals groups injected with vitamin A, also increase non significant in cholesterol (98.43±2.82) and total lipid ( 14.96±1.82) in animals were injected with vitamin A and C.

Abstract
This project aimed to increase the production of some secondary metabolites using chemical elicitors in tissue cultures of Solanum nigrum L. plants. The quality and quantity of phytochemicals were estimated using methanolic extracts of dried leaves and callus were analyzed using HPLC. Callus was initiated from leaf discs cultured on Murashig and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 or 5.0 mg/l and BA at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 mg/l for S. nigrum callus initiation. The same combination was used for callus maintenance for the plant. The results showed an increase in the concentration of secondary metabolites in methanol extracts induced from leaves. Callus cultures induced from leaf discs were treated with some chemical stimuli such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, (2,4,6, 8 mg/l jasmonic acid), or (50, 100, 150, 200 mg/l salicylic acid). Result showed that there were significant differences between the various treatment, the best concentration of jasmonic acid to stimulate and increase the production was 8 mg/l for S. nigrum. Moreover, Salicylic acid at 100 mg/l stimulated the production of secondary metabolites in callus culture of S. nigrum.

Abstract
In this study Gloeocapsa punctata was isolated, purified and identified from the object of the home garden in Zayouna. BG-11 culture media was used for their cultivation in suitable laboratory conditions 25c°, 200µE/m2/sec for 16:8 hrs. Light: dark. Each culture was harvested at the end of exponential phase. Organic solvents used for extraction was Chloroform: methanol at 2:1 to extract, study aims to test the effectiveness of extracted interacellular (biomass) and overseas cellular Extracellular filtrate cellular and used solvent organic (Chlorferom: Methanol 95%) and by 1:2 and test their effectiveness against 10 strains of bacteria which: Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidiss, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexeneri and Serratia sp. Agar diffusion method was used. Results showed that the extracellular products which extracted was best than intercellular product.
The gram positive bacteria studied revealed higher susceptibility to attack by the intracellular and extracellular extracts comparing with the gram negative bacteria. The extracellular extraction revealed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidiss the of inhibition zone was 28 mm. But the intercellular extract revealed higher antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium and the average inhibition zone was 22 mm. However, results showed that gram negative bacteria extracellular products extract has the antagonistic activity against Klebsilla pneumonia with 25 mm inhibition zone. Also been detected on some fatty acids produced by the algae G. punctata which Palmitic, Stearic, Arachidic, Linoleic and Linolenic. The highest rate is fatty acid Linoleic 57% of the extract intercellular while the rate of 30% of the acid fatty Arachidic to intercellular abroad.

Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Gardenia jasminoides leaves compared with leaf crude extracts for some organic solvents namely Methanol, Ethanol, Petroleum ether, Asetone and Chloroform on growth of some pathogenic bacteria and yeast, which included four gram positive isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus and gram negative isolates Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some yeasts Candida albicans and Saccharomyces boulardii, by using well diffusion method. The inhibitory activity of extracts in the tested bacterial strains and yeasts was varied according to the type of extracting solvents and are tested microorganisms. The methanol callus extract which grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media by using (Naphthalen acitic acid) NAA and (Benzyle adenine) BA as growth regulator highly effective as compared to the other extracts as for inhibition of three gram positive bacteria and three gram negative bacteria,which include Staphylococcus aureus and, Proteus vulgaris, followed by acetone and ethanolic extracts which include two gram positive bacteria and two gram negative bacteria. All extracts had highly effect in growth of Candida albicans while all crude extracts didn’t show any sensitivity against Saccharomyces boulardii, and when we’d done (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) HPLC test for detection of some active compound we found Quinic acid, Iridiods glycosides and Crocin which its rate in fresh callus was higher than fresh leaves.

ABSTRACT
A study was Conducted during fall-season of 2009 and spring of 2010 at the farm of field crops Department , College of Agriculture to determinate the effect of some plant extracts and vitamin C on growth and yield of pop corn sawing in two season . The layout of the experiment was RCBD with four replications. The treatments were karkadea Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extraction in 25%, liquorices Glycrrhiza glabra L. in 50% consenters and vitamin C in 1.5gm.L-1 in addition to control ( spray with distill water only). Results showed that liquorices was superior in plant height about 177.5 and 175 cm resp. for both season. Vitamin C was superior in ear height in fall season about 127.5cm while liquorices was the best in spring season which gave about 132.5 cm. Spraying with karkadea extracts gave best L.A. about 0.5325 m-2 and 0.4625 m-2 for both seasons resp. High number of ears per plant 1.75 , 1.5, high number of rows per ear (18 and 16), grain per row (32 and 28 ), grain per ear (57.3 and 448 grain . ear-1 ) also grain yield plant -1 ( 96.0 and 81.5 ) and total grain yield about 6.720 and 5.763 ton.ha-1 for both seasons resp. it was concluded that spraying of karkadea liquorices extracts and vitamin C could be recommended for best growth and yield of pop corn.

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Coll. of Agriculture-Abu-Graib during two autumn seasons 2011 and 2012. This was to study some of growth criteria, genetic-morphological yield components for hybrids and inbred lines of maize, and to determine the relationship between yield and system capacity constant ( SCC) under two periods of irrigation (5 and 10 days), in addition to determine genotypes that have high yielding ability under sufficient and in insufficient water. A factorial arrangement of RCBD with three replicated was used. The result showed that hybrid Zm607xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (16.73 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.44 m2) and number of kernel per ear (380.60 kernel/ear), while the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of kernel weight (286.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 gave highest mean of grain yield (5.69 t/ha) under the period of irrigation 5 days. While under period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xZm51 gave highest mean of leaf area (0.41 m2) and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of dry matter (15.01 t/ha) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (373.38 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (276.00 mg/kernel) and the hybrid CA21xZm607 was gave highest mean of grain yield (4.91 t/ha) during autumn season 2011. During autumn season 2012, the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.46 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter and grain yield (17.81 t/ha and 6.69 t/ha) respectively, and the hybrid OH40xCA17 gave highest mean of number of kernel per ear (410.66 kernel/ear), while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 was superior in kernel weight (280.00 mg/kernel) under period of irrigation 5 days. While under the period of irrigation 10 days, the hybrid OH40xCA17 was superior in leaf area (0.43 m2) and the hybrid CA17xCA21 gave highest means of dry matter, number of kernel per ear and grain yield (15.35 t/ha, 379.66 kernel/ear and 5.38 t/ha) respectively, while the hybrid Zm51xCA17 gave highest mean of kernel weight (275 mg/kernel). We can conclude that OH40xZm51, OH40xCA17, CA17xCA21, Zm51xCA17 and CA21xZm607 were best hybrids when application of selection program for water stresses tolerance.

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Benzol thaidazole-7carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH or Bion) to induce systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp in tomato plants 30d after treatments. Results showed that Bion was efficient in inducing systemic resistance to root knot nematodes in tomato plants. Foliage spraying or soil drenching at 50 mgL-1 were superior over the other test concentrations and seed soaking treatments. At this concentration gall index was 2.11 compared with 5 in control. Root fresh weight and root dry weigh were 6.25 and 0.62, 8.40 and 0.70g for treated and control plants respectively. Shoot fresh weight and dry weight recorded 23.60, 2.29, 17.42 and 1.42g for treated and control plants respectively. The number of second stage juveniles penetrating the roots was 51.33 and 114.88 in treated and control plants respectively. Application of Bion at this concentration also reduced gall index to 2.88 compared with 5 in control. At 50 mgL-1 of Bion root fresh and dry weight was 4.68, 0.44 and 21.40, 2.52g compared with 8.58, 0.69, and 26.21, 4.45g in control plants respectively. At this treatment also a significantly less juveniles, 75.55 entered the roots of treated plants compared with 116.66 juveniles in control.

In vitro technique was used to propagate Narcissus tazetta L. Two approaches were used. The first explants of basal discs and scale leaves from bulbs were cultured in MS medium containing different concentrations of BA and NAA. Cultures were incubated in light and dark. Results showed that a significant increasing in shoot numbers and lengths in both types lf explants. Treatments including; light + 7.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg / L NAA (15.8 shoots) and light + 3.0 mg / L BA + 1.0 mg/L NAA (9.04 cm) were significant for the basal disc. while the treatments: light + 3.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg /L NAA (12.5 shoots ) and light + 1.0 mg / L BA + 0.0 mg / L NAA (5.02 cm) were the best for scale leaves. Callus was induced largely in explants cultured in dark and high concentrations of NAA. The second experiment: shoots from above were cultured in MS medium containing sucrose 3 or 6% with IBA 0.5, 1.0 , 1.5 mg / L for bulb lets formation. The highest numbers of bulb lets 3.2, 3.4 were observed in: 3% sucrose + 1.5 mg / L IBA and 6% sucrose + 1.0 mg / L IBA respective. On the other hand, the bulb let diameter 7.42 mm and weight 320.4 mg were observed in: 3% sucrose + 1.5 mg/ L IBA and 3% sucrose + 0.5 mg / L IBA respectively. The formed bulb lets were transferred to peat moss plus river soil media, which then successfully grown and gave vegetative shoots in the percent 98%. Abbreviations: BA(6-benzyl adenine) ; NAA(α-naphthalene acetic acid ); IBA ( Indole – butyric acid ); MS
( Murashige and Skoog medium).

Abstract
This research was conducted to measure the safety of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, through studying its toxic effect on mice since it showed a promising effect in reducing the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. The cytogenetic effect was determined after giving five different doses (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600)µg/Kg in comparison with negative (phosphate buffer saline / PBS) and positive (mitomycin C/ MMC, at doses of 2 and 5µg/Kg) controls on mouse bone marrow cells by employing the following parameters: mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus, also, the serum level of liver functional enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALP) was recorded. In addition, lethal dose 50 (LD 50) with certain clinicopathological changes in five organs (colon, kidney, liver, stomach and lung) was also determined after oral administration of STa for ten successive days and at two doses (500 and 1000) µg/Kg. Results showed that, none of the five different doses of STa caused any significant changes in the three examined cytogenetic parameters in the mouse bone marrow cells; precisely, neither the low dose nor the high one of STa caused reduction or induction in these parameters. In fact, clear effect in decreasing mitotic activity and increasing spontaneous frequencies of both chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus was revealed after MMC treatment. Furthermore, significant differences in mouse serum level of the three enzymes were not seen at any doses of STa, while significant reduction in the levels of these enzymes was noticed after treatment with the two doses of MMC. In this study the LD 50 test was used to investigate the lethal effect of the partially purified STa, and it was shown to be not lethal to mice at both doses of (500 and 1000) µg/Kg, since death was not recorded, moreover, no clinicopathological effects were indicated in the all examined mouse tissues, however the only noticed clinical sign was diarrhea with all doses, which was observed after three days of STa treatment.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of copper on Cucumis sativus L., fife levels of copper sulfate as aqueous solutions were added as a total concentrate of the soil using the concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) milligrams per one kilogram of soil, the control soil were using without additional copper sulfate. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for detection of genotoxic produced by this metal. Twenty one primers were used, of which three did not amplify, three gave extremely faint and ambiguous bands and the rest of fifteen primers generated single and polymorphic bands. All genomic DNA of Cucumis sativus L. exposed to copper sulfate solutions displayed polymorphic fragments which were not detectable in DNA of unexposed plants, but high concentration (500 mg/kg soil) of copper sulfate had the strongest effect on genomic DNA of Cucumis sativus L. when compared with other concentrations. Thus, this study confirmed that RAPD markers, as a fast, and simple technique can be used for detection of genotoxic effects of copper on Cucumis sativus L. plants which are growing in heavy metal polluted soils.

Abstract
Melia azedarach L. is one of the important plants because it’s a good source of natural compounds that
have insecticide and antimicrobial effect. The main aim of this research is to investigate the effect of explants source and plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction and regeneration of organs from it. Callus was induced from nodes, internodes from one-year-old seedlings and seeds of Melia plant by culturing them on MS medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mg/L and 6- benzyl adenine (BA) 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg/L, then shoot regeneration from callus was occurred. Results showed that there was a different response from explants towards callus induction and adventitious shoots formation according to plant growth regulators combination. Seeds gave superior percentage for callus induction 24.4% compared with node and internode 15.6, 12.8% respectively. Combination of 0.3 mg/L NAA + 3.0 mg/L BA was the best for callus induction in all explants 86.6% . Shoot regeneration was achieved in 0.3 mg/L NAA + 4.0 mg/L BA and 0.4 mg/L NAA + 4.0 mg/L BA for callus from seeds and internodes respectively, while the combination 0.3 mg/L NAA + 3.0 mg/L BA or 0.4 mg/L NAA + 3.0 mg/L BA was the best for node callus. The shoots were rooted well in MS + 0.25 mg/L NAA . Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in small plastic pots filled with peat moss: river soil (1 :1 v/v ), then transferred to the soil.

Abstract
The study was carried out to determine hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective effects of cinnamic acid in comparison with vitamin C against the mutagenic pesticide influence of trichlorfon, which is a chemical compound that damages hepatic cells and has mutagenic effects. The effect was studied in mammalian system in mice depended on evaluating the enzymatic activity of three hepatic enzymes: Alanine Transaminase(ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphate (ALP).Two concentrations of pure cinnamic acid (60,30) mg/body weight were tested to choose the suitable concentration which compared with negative control, positive control and comparative group of Vitamin C. In order to use in the interaction experiments, included two types of treatments pre-trichlorfon and post-trichlorfon in order to determine the mechanisms of the pure cinnamic acid, showed no toxic and hepatotoxicity influence in biological system and it showed highly performance in prevention or reduction in hepatotoxicity of trichlorfon. Cinnamic acid increased the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes with normal levels especially with dose of 30 mg/body weight. The positive effect of cinnamic acid was higher when used as post-trichlorfon treatments and to less extent in pre-trichlorfon treatments, therefore, cinnamic acid can be considered as a cure hepatocytes from acute liver damage also work protective to cardiac, skeletal muscle and placental tissue protective.

The effect of static magnetic field (MF) on the growth and biochemical indices of five fungal genera were studied. Exposing the above genera to the northern pole, southern pole and both poles and their influences were compared with the control treatment (without MF energy). The static MF of 10 gauss was applied to the above fungal genera for seven days at 28°C. The effect of static MF energy on the growth of fungal genera on solid media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was classified as stimulatory, inhibitory and no observable effect on growth of fungal genera. The effects of MF poles (southern, northern and both) inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, while the MF poles stimulated the growth of fungal genera (Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate and Penicillium chrysogenium) and had no observable effect of southern pole and both poles on growth of Rhizopus oryzae, while the northern pole inhibited the growth of R. oryzae compared with control group by measuring the growth diameter (cm). The effects of MF poles on the biochemical indices of the fungal genera were performed by filtering the growth and measuring the enzyme activity in the filterate. Exposing the fungal genera to the northern pole, southern pole. The fungal genera were influenced by MF energy for 3 days at 28°C and pH6.5 showed increased in the activities of amylase and protease due to northern pole at significant difference (at the 0.05 levels), the northern pole increased amylase activity (U/ml) in the culture medium filteratedof P. chrysogenumup to (0.246 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, F. oxysporum, R. oryzae and A. alternata 0.172, 0.146, 0.116, 0.105U/ml respectively. The northern pole increased protease activity (U/ml) in the culture filterate of P. chrysogenumup to (0.081 U/ml) higher than other mentioned genera, A. niger, A. alternata , R. oryzae and F. oxysporum 0.08, 0.074, 0.056,0.054U/ml respectively and decreased when treated with southern pole however it was higher than the control treatment under optimum condition.

Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate effects of oral administration of uranyl acetate on haematological parameters and liver enzyme. For this purpose, twenty females mature Albino rats were divided into four equal groups, control group G1 administrated distilled water, the other three groups administrated orally 50,75,100 mg/kg/b.w. /day of uranyl acetate. The route of administration was oral intubations for 10 weeks, for 14 days before mating with untreated males, as well as during pregnancy 3 weeks and lactation 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment blood samples were collected from mothers of rats. The results were obtained a significant P< 0.05 increase in the total WBC counts in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control .A significant P<0.05 decrease in the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in groups (G3,G4), while no significant decrease P>0.05 in G2 in the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage compared with control. And the results show significant P< 0.05 decrease in HB value in groups G3,G4, while no significant decrease P>0.05 in G2 in HB value compared with control. A significant P< 0.05 decrease was observed in total RBCs counts in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control. No significant increase P>0.05 in GOT and GPT in groups G2 and G3 and significant P<0.05 increase in GOT and GPT activity in the serum in group G4 compared with control. No significant increase P>0.05 in CPK activity in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control.

Abstract
The diagnosis of toxoplasmic infection in aborted women and congenitally infected infants suspected to have toxoplasmosis infection can be difficult due to similarity symptoms with other diseases. A combination of symptoms, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)may facilitate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in some patients. The present study compare the detection of toxoplasmosis infection by ELISA IgA and IgG antibodies with Real Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)in the study subjects. A total of 81 sera samples, 57(70.3%) samples from aborted women and 24(29.7%)samples from congenitally infants have been studied. 49(86%) samples from the aborted women were positive and 8(14%) samples were negative as diagnosed by one or two of ELISA markers (IgAand IgG).The ELISA results indicated that 15(62.5%) samples from infants were positive and 9(37.5%) samples of them were negative. RT-PCR tests indicated that 33(67.3%) from the mothers and 6(40%) from the infants were agreed with ELISA positive samples. For ELISA negative samples, RT-PCR detected toxoplasmosis DNA in 4 (50%) and 2 (22.2%) for the mothers and infants respectively. Therefore, ELISA and RT-PCR can make a good combination tests in detection toxoplasmopsis infection.

Abstract
Aloe vera aqueous extraction was examined for its immunomodulatory effect. Concentrated aqueous extraction was administrated orally 2ml/day for 30 days to the white mice, immunomodulatory effect was studied on total white blood cells (WBCs)count, phagocytosis, antibody titer and plaque forming cell (PFC). There is a significant increase in total count of WBC, reach 11300cell/ml3 at the day 28 after administration. Increase in phagocytosis activity was observed clearly after three and four week compared with control. Remarkable increase in the antibody titer against SRBCs for primary and secondary immune response (10.4±022, 14.2±2) respectively, and finally apparent effect on plaque forming cell (PFC) and maximum value was found after 5 days after immunization with SRBCs. It was 1200 PFC/106 of spleen cell

Abstract
The current study succeeded to initiate callus cultures of Prosopis farcta L. from hypocotyls stems which induced on the agar-solidified MS* medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/ L TDZ alone or with addition of 1.0 mg/ L NAA. Callus initiation percent reached 100% after 7 days of culture when hypocotyls stem segments were cultured on MS medium with addition of both TDZ and NAA. Whereas when TDZ alone were added initiation percent reached 60%. The results revealed detection of high amount of Anthocyanins which reached 440.98 µm/gm of fresh weight of callus cultures, grown on MS* medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/ L NAA and 4.0 mg/L TDZ, then 182.24 µm/gm of fresh weight of callus grown on MS with addition of 4.0 mg/L TDZ alone.
MS* : MS medium with increasing KNO3 to 2000 mg/ L, Thiamine-HCl to 0.5mg/ L, Pyrodoxine-HCl to 1.0 mg/L

Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus produced 2.93 U/mg of laccase in solid state fermentation (SSF) using barley bran as substrate under optimum conditions. The optimum SSF conditions were: pH 6.5; temperature, 25Cº; inoculums size 3.5 mm and moisture content, 1:1.5 w/v. Laccase was partially purified 8.29 fold with specific activity 17.5 U/mg by ion exchange chromatography after curd enzyme concentrated by dialysis against the solid sucrose. Partially purified laccase had an optimum pH of 6.5 and was stable in the pH range from 6.5 to 7.5. The optimum temperature was 45 Cº and it displayed considerable stability within the range 15 to 45 Cº with 1h incubation as well as The ability of partial purified laccase to decolorize of textile dyes showed that the blue H3R dye was completely decolorized in all concentrations within first min while yellow FG and red 3B dyes were decolorized in different percentage.

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the protective immune effect of mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Parameters of evaluation were total and absolute count of leukocyte and phagocytosis. Fifteen albino mice divided into five groups and designated as follows: CG used as negative control, SG was infected with 0.1 ml Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml and used as a positive control, AC was treated with 0.1ml Lactobacillus acidophilus 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml, GG was doused with Lactobacillus gasseri and infected with Salmonella typhimurium, AG was fed with 0.1 ml mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml. Results indicated that mice treated with viable Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri showed a significant protective immune effect compared with positive and negative control, while mice fed with mixed culture of Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri exhibited less protective effect against Salmonella typhimurium compared with groups fed with monoculture of Lactobacillus.

Abstract:
The breast cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in women. Prognostic factors are important in predicting disease. Malignant tumors are composed of a small population of distinct cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess characteristics of both stem cells and cancer cells, in that they have the properties of self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, resistance to apoptosis, independent growth, tumourigenicity and metastatic potential. Objective of this studythat detect cancer stem cell of breast cancer patients by using CD44 and study the compares between patients with breast cancer and patients with benign breast lesions. This study which included 31 patients with breast cancer and 19 patients with benign breast lesions Prognostic factors were registered including: age, histopathological subtype, degree of differentiation. Results of this was Positive expression ofCD44 was observed in 16 cases, while 15cases were negative expression of CD44 out of 31samplesof breast cancer. In Benign1cases were positive expression, while 18 cases were negative expression. CD44 expression showed high significant difference between malignant breast samples and benign samples (P <0.001).