Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The letter is defined as the third division of the word and does not have an independent meaning in itself, like nouns and verbs, but it derives its meaning when it enters within a specific linguistic context in a specific sentence. The books of grammarians after the Holy Qur’an, so I chose a great explanation of a valuable book, which is the explanation of Riyad al-Saleheen, which is called al-Fawa’id al-Muta’ra’ al-Hiyadh by Ibn Kamal Pasha, to be the sample of application in this research. By writing the benefits of menstruating menstruation. As for the approach followed in this study, I studied this research descriptively and analytically, so I read the book and extracted all the applications in which letters and binary articles were mentioned and explained their meaning in the books of grammar, and quoted what Ibn Kamal Pasha quoted from the books of interpretations of the Qur’an, and explanations of the hadith from words related to letters and tools Mentioned in this research and explained and explained its meaning according to the definition of the indication.

The reference is one of the tributaries of the statement and a reason for educating the saying and its rulings, and it does not deny its rhetorical position, and we did not find a detailed study in the books of rhetoric about it and its rhetorical functions except for the warnings that can be employed in enriching this aspect and moving it by noticing the evidence in which there are references, so we look at how the speaker used them to perform What are the meanings and connotations in themselves, and the extent of the ability of these signs to form the meaning, and to create an emotional effect. I sought to extend this aspect of the lesson by observing what was mentioned in the fields of Islamic heritage: in the science of origins, and the hadith from employing the statement with the external verb in controlling the significance of the rulings and inferring them to determine the purposes due to the scarcity of texts in the books of the rhetoricians.

My research entitled Ibn Hisham's grammatical objections to Al-Akbari in his notes on Al-Tibyan (selected issues) came from the brief introduction that included what the research contains of objection issues and their number, then the nature of the study required that I study all of that in an introduction and two requirements, preceded by an introduction, and followed by a conclusion in which I explained the most important results that the study reached.
As for the introduction, it included the meaning of objection linguistically and technically, the origin of objection and its causes, after which a definition of Abu Al-Baqa Al-Akbari and Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari, in addition to a definition of Al-Akbari's book Al-Tibyan fi I'rab Al-Quran and Ibn Hisham's book Commentaries on Al-Tibyan fi I'rab Al-Quran. After that, two requirements about studying some issues, including an issue of objection in nouns, an issue of objection in verbs, and an issue of objection in letters

The issue of preoccupation and conflict is one of the most capable grammar issues of revealing the grammarians’ approach, especially the issue of the discrepancy between their theory and the linguistic reality on which they relied. The two chapters are among the most turbulent and complex grammatical chapters. The turbulence appears in the abundance of conflicting opinions and doctrines. The preoccupied verb, which is the agent that is preoccupied with the work on the preceding noun by working on its pronoun or its causative, one of its conditions is its connection to the preceding noun and its suitability to work on what precedes it and to be preoccupied with the preceding noun by its pronoun, and finally its agreement with the deleted explanatory verb. The last pillar of preoccupation is the preoccupant or the preoccupied with, which is what the agent is preoccupied with from working on the preceding noun, and one of its conditions is that it is a pronoun that is used for the preoccupant and that the direction of the nominative of the preoccupied with and the preoccupant is the same. Conflict is when two or more factors precede the word, from a transitive verb or something similar, mentioned in the word, and they agree in the work or differ in it on one object required for each one of them in terms of meaning, whether raised, accusative, or genitive.

A semantic compositional study in (the words of error and oblivion in the book of Sibawayh) shows accuracy and complexity in Siboih's handling of linguistic issues and the way he criticizes them, as it is necessary to identify the terms he used in relation to the words of error and forgetfulness. They are terms that are confused or lack of clarity in their traditional context. Siboyah is one of the first scholars who paid special attention to this aspect, as he diagnosed many linguistic errors in his book and addressed them with a thorough discussion. This research is based on the analysis of the compositions and how of Sibwayh uses these words in sentences, which helps to understand the grammar rules that he set and applied to certain situations. This study is concerned with the semantic dimension that these words can carry according to their linguistic context, which enables the

Image kinetics is one of the critical rhetorical terms that Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 597 AH) was able to That he employs it in his book Al-Khawatim,” Al-Khawatim majalse alwaad", and we find that his pictures are speaking artistic paintings that pulsate with beauty, attracting the reader and increasing his interest in the poetic text. And the movement of the body’s organs took precedence over his other sensory images, and he saw in it the objective equivalent of his internal psychological state, so it was the best aid for him in forming his metaphorical images. That he made his eye a speaking tongue through which he reveals the contents of himself, and the limits of his images do not stop at that, so we find that he enjoys his sensory images, so he broadcasts in them the smell and taste as well as the sound.

Praise be to God, then praise be to God, then praise be to God, by whose grace good deeds are accomplished, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger as a mercy to the worlds, the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers.
The study of Sicilian poetry in this collection is an important step in the circle of literary research and studies in our Arabic literature, which expanded with the expansion of the Islamic conquests throughout the earth, emerging from a limited geographical scope to a broader and more welcoming space that extended beyond the seas. One of its fruits was Sicilian poetry on this island, so I worked By studying this collection and the poetry of the Sicilians, the dust of the years will be removed from their wonderful poems and verses. In this research, I dealt with the artistic image in Sicilian poetry, and the results of the research reached the following:
- The research expanded to include the artistic image of mental poetry. In constructing their poetic images, these poets came from a clear and tangible influence on their nature and their surrounding environment, as well as their ideas, religious inclinations, and their literary and linguistic culture. Their images mixed between the stereotypical image and the innovative image. What highlighted their images was their style of writing. Personification, similes, and metaphors, which produced images similar to those of the Orientals, but with high, good, and new wording and professionalism. They excelled at building intertwined and diverse relationships

Gloating or Vindictiveness is a frantic and desperate emotional expression that translates the state of revenge and its climax into sadistic enjoyment, and transforms a person into a state of ecstasy and joy, as he achieves to the gloating person what he was waiting for from his opponent or enemy, as a result of defeat, setback, crisis, failure, or loss... and ending with death. . This study is an attempt to shed light on this topic and explain the most important types and images that appear in pre-Islamic poetry... and as will be explained in detail in the axes of this research...

This paper deals with the concept of Conclusion and its types in the poetry of Al_Sarry Al_ Mosuli (died 363 H) in an attempt to disclose its objective structure because it is a literary reality at the end of his poetic poems. A great deal of attention is paid to the Conclusion by this poet as it is the end of what he wrote ,and a part of his poem structure having various and different functions determined by feeling stance and objective vision .It is not unilateral topic, but it is multilateral in accordance with poetic situation . It may be long and short in such a way of harmonizing feeling attitude. It has objective unit and aesthetic pillars closely related to poem structure through which the poet resorts because it increases his horizons of poetic experience and his innovative potentiality. It is an accumulative cultural outcome ended by the poetic feeling and suspended in the receiver 's mind.

This research focuses on highlighting the rhetorical efforts of Imam Ibn al-Mulqin through his explanation of Sahih al-Bukhari. It included a statement of his position on some of the methods and arts of rhetoric and his rhetorical applications to them. Then comes the conclusion of the research, which enumerates the most prominent results he reached, including naming the exquisite genres with those that are not well-known among rhetoricians. Such as generalization and good communication, as well as the naming of brief brevity, which is one of the methods of meanings with comprehensive speech.

The research aims to study one of the terms of invalidation and rectification, which is the term "mutalawwin" and explain its meaning among critics and classify this term in terms of its common use among imams or its rarity, with an explanation of the hierarchy of the narrators who were described with this description, and the degree of their hadiths, and the effect of that on the judgment of the narrator. Then we mentioned some of the narrators who were described with this term.
The research includes an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion, the introduction included the importance of the research, its objectives, its problem, previous studies, and the research plan. About the first chapter, it was divided into three sections, firstly: the meaning of describing the narrator as "mutaqallib", secondly: the term "mutaqallib" is a rare term in criticism, and thirdly: the degree of the narrator’s hadith who described with the term "mutaqallib". And as for the second chapter, it was an applied study (the narrators (hadiths people) who were called "mutaqallib").
The research concluded with several results, the most important of which are: The terminology of the term "mutalawwin" is the disturbance in the narration of the hadith, the term "mutalawwin" is one of the rare vocabularies of invalidation, disturbance is a reason for the weakness of the hadith because it is evidence of the narrator’s lack of verification, the narrator who described with this vocabulary is not affected unless he is weak in origin.

Each of us has his own reading of any text, and every reading generates ideas, and if the ideas diverge and the creative vision differs, the text remains present through this or that reading. There is no doubt that this research is not new in its subject matter, read from a stylistic perspective. But it is new in highlighting the stylistic features of Husayn ibn al-Hajjaj al-Baghdadi al-Kufi, as it is a heritage worthy of study because of the great events it contains, revealing to us the secrets of this opulent Abbasid era to the point of immorality and debauchery. Poetry monitors the moral values of every society. This study is the first - no one has ever reached this moment - in studying its collection according to the stylistic, artistic, or rhetorical approach, despite the abundance of its images and artistic and rhetorical methods. So I chose to study it according to the stylistic approach that relies on rhetoric and analysis and does not Deviate from them.

The research dealt with “Personality Types in the Novel An Intentional Error” with the artistic visions of the writer “Mohamed Saber Obaid”, where he focused on the role of the characters as the main focus of the novel, and how they express the writer’s vision and conscience.
The importance of the artistic study of the novel “Intentional Mistake” comes because it sheds light on many social issues that reflect the experience of Iraqi society during the war period and after it. The writer presents the brutality of war in a distinctive literary way, which affects the reader and makes him reflect on those experiences deeply.
Studying this novel is necessary to understand the depth of the social and humanitarian impact of wars and conflicts. We have relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and one of the most important findings reached by the researchers is that the writer usually relies on the use of digression in his narration, as the characters appear unbalanced in their behavior, as they acquire acertain,chara،cteristic.Then,you,loseit,then,you,gain,it again.

The veil imposed its influence on the thought of the Abbasid poet and its ability to create strong effects on the characteristics of the poem, drawing its connotations, images and colors of the relationship between them appeared, and deepened a phenomenon that includes a relational concept based on a process of double influence on the creator of the text and its recipient. This influence exercises a hidden, white authority that has the transparent ability to impose its will on the creator and then occupy a large emotional space and a broad behavioral role in constructing the text. Thus, the poetic identity of the veil is drawn, which reflects the extent of the Arab woman’s love for it and her pride in it and the supreme values that its connotations carry. This identity, whose echo we sense in society in general and spread in the poem with its various purposes in particular, reflects the aesthetic aspect of the veil and the beauty and splendor that accompany it. The symbolism of the veil played an active and influential role in its artistic connotation and deep psychological dimensions, and from here the idea of the study emerged.

Anwar Al-Jundi believes that Arabic literature presents every day a new product, basic values, higher repertoires, and rules derived from the foundations of Arabic literature. Arab poetry has gone through stages of renewal and its foundation is based on renewing the content and inoculating it with Western doctrines. Arab literature has also gone through stages of development, and in this period it emerged. The most famous schools are (the diaspora school, the Diwan, and the Apollo magazine), and the emergence of poets influenced by development who called for freedom and renewed content in various arts.
The power of authentic literature prevailed and the depth of literature’s call for unity reached after they were affected by huge events. Despite this, they faced the battle of resistance. The poets of Egypt looked at ancient Arabic literature and benefited from their sources, language, landmarks and phenomena. We talked about poetry and prose poetry, both of which did not adhere to each other. With one rhyme, as for free poetry, it is also not restricted by the number of objects, and they agree in being free from rhyme.
We explained the role of translation to Anwar Al-Jundi in establishing the most important terms, which had an important role in the process of transferring science and knowledge, and that newspaper translators specialized in translating telegrams, and the goal of translation is to transfer literary works that achieve the power of literature, and Arab literature in ancient times went through the experience of translation when it transferred antiquities. Greece, Romans and Persians.
Our critic emphasized that the story is neither historical nor realistic, but rather a depiction of a psychological reality. The difference between the story in Arabic literature is a subjective difference in its psychological and ideological mood, and that the story is a Western concept based on imagination, illusion, and extravagance in details, far from the essence of the soul, and the Arab subjectivity and the Islamic psychological mood disappear, and that The story tried to depict social life and address problems.
Keywords: The development of Arabic poetry (origin and development, transmitted poetry, translation and contemporary literature),his sayings about the story and its development (the concept of the story and its essence, its elements and development, Anwar Al-Jundi’s sayings about the story)

This research is closely related to a previous study we presented, titled Vitality as a Source of Art in the Artistic Image. It may also serve as a continuation of that study, where we highlighted the element of vitality in the expulsion imagery within Hudhayl poetry, as referenced in the book The Vitality of Conflict Imagery in the Expulsion Ode: A Study of Abū Dhuʾayb's Poem. Due to publishing limitations, our prior analysis focused solely on identifying the elements of vitality in Abū Dhuʾayb’s poetry. However, this material finds its continuation in examining the external influences that nurtured this critical aspect of the poet’s work. Among these influences are elements within Hudhayl itself, such as the impact of Sāʿidah ibn Juʾayyah, Abū Dhuʾayb's mentor, alongside external factors beyond Hudhayl’s environment. These external influences sparked simple forms of vitality within the poetry, igniting artistic sparks in the Hudhayl psyche, which was primed for emotional engagement and response, much like the poetry of earlier Arab poets such as Imruʾ al-Qays and others.

Understanding the literary personality of the Persian poet and mystic Saadi Shirazi and his entire career in his influence on Arabic literature is not only fully clear by studying his literary works in Persian, but also requires studying his Arabic production represented by his Arabic poems, in addition to studying his Persian production. The poet Saadi Shirazi has various purposes in the language of Dad, such as praise, preaching, monotheism, supplication, hope, and lamentation. Among his Arabic poems, he is distinguished in the last purpose by a unique poem that deserves to be given a special space, which is his visionary poem and his elegy that he composed about the destruction of Baghdad, the killing of the Caliph, and the loss of the Abbasid Caliphate. The poet Saadi has various purposes: praise, preaching, monologues, monologues, hopes, lamentation, etc. For this last purpose, he has a unique poem in his Arabic poetry, which deserves to be given a special space, which is his visionary poetry and his elegy, which he said about the destruction of Baghdad, the death of the Caliphate, and the loss of the Abbasid Caliphate. This wonderful poem, which he created after Baghdad was destroyed by the Mongol attacks, is an artistic, poetic, or emotional poem, or by all accounts, it is his longest poem, in Persian and Arabic, and it is the Qur’an of Saadi, which they did not take the right to mention, refer to, or scrutinize. As a primary source of information, Christian culture had a great influence and an effective role in the way it allowed him to express his various purposes, experiences, ideas, and goals. He used the rich vocabulary of the Qur’an, was inspired by its images and references, and was familiar with its text and style. His poems include charitable work, which is characterized by eloquence, rhetoric, spirituality, and beauty, due to its noble content and various social problems, and he is fully aware of its moral, social, and religious message. Saadi Siraj relies on the use of the Arab cultural heritage acquired by students in schools and educational centers in Arab countries, as well as travel and tourism in other countries, and the influence of ancient Arab culture is evident through the use of methods of expression in the Arabic language. The poet Saadi Shirazi has multiple objectives in the Arabic language, including praise, preaching, monotheism, supplication, hope, and lamentation. Among these purposes, his visionary poem, which he wrote in mourning for Baghdad after its destruction and the killing of the Caliph, stands out. It is a unique elegy that deserves to be highlighted. This poem, which Saadi created after the Mongol attacks on Baghdad, is considered one of his most beautiful and wonderful poems in terms of art, poetry, and emotion, and are the longest among his poems, whether in Persian or Arabic. However, this poem has not received sufficient attention in terms of mention and study. The Quranic culture that Saadi was influenced by played a major role in shaping his style, as he used the rich lexicon of the Quran and was inspired by its images and allusions, which helped him, express his thoughts and experience in a distinctive way. His poem includes embellishments that are characterized by eloquence, rhetoric, spirituality, and beauty, due to the noble content and diverse social issues it contains. He is fully aware of his moral, social, and religious responsibilities. Saadi Shirazi resorted to benefiting from his Arab cultural heritage that he acquired from his studies in Arab schools and educational centers, in addition to his travels and tourism in various countries. The influence of ancient Arab culture is also clearly evident in his methods of expression

Existentialism is a drawing of pure reality and a reference to clear goals that affect a person and express his concerns, whichh appeared and worsened during the world wars from whichh everyone emerged having lost a lot, and to reveal the features of existentialism In Arabic literature and how the poet and writer become In harmony with his reality and employ his feelings and poetic sentences in drawing this. Reality and portraying his suffering around it through the topics and content of his poems. The aim of the research was to study the poetry of Al-Maghout, whose influence became widespread In theatre. We should also search for existentialism in his poetry, and we arrived at a set of results. In Al-Maghout’s topics, all of them are purely existential. He raises daily Issues that he and his society live at the same time. Pessimism, depression, and sadness are a feature that almost never separates from Al-Maghout’s verses In his various topics, and this Is not related to existentialism only, but optimism Is present In it, but Al-Maghout is a person who loved sadness and told the reader that he Is an old friend of his. The poet did not pay attention to other topics that might attract the poet’s attention In nature, the universe, or the world of Imagination, but rather In all his forms, he was realistic, drawing from his reality what he wanted. Al-Maghout’s sense of what was happening around him was completely clear. With his sensitivity, he extracted the concerns of people at their various levels and wrote them down in his verses after he had the abilIty to live with them and feel them. Al-Maghout emerged existentially In his Isolation and the tragic tone that ran through his verses, as well as In hIs alienation and self-harmony, and his taking of the free human being as a way to live as he pleases and choose what suits him and suits his Inner desire and feeling In search of his self-security and escape from the reality he lives In.

The research came to study the music of poetry in the poetry of Abd al-Qais bin Khafaf al-Barjami because he was one of the poets of the pre-Islamic era. The poets of this era were distinguished by their sense of music and their distinct taste in choosing words that suit their poetic purpose, so their poetry was the closest thing to sweet pieces of music.
The research was divided into two sections preceded by an introduction to the poet. The first included external music, which included a comprehensive prosodic study of his poetry with statistics for the use of rhymes, and a study of rhyme with statistics for the rhymes used in his poetry.
The second section included a study of internal music, which included alliteration, counterpoint, the response of the sacrum to the chest, and repetition in its three levels, which was a characteristic that distinguished his poetry.

It is the poet's artistic ability to innovate and create creativity, and it is what constitutes the language of poetry and its meaning. This occurs through the combination of music in the image. Accordingly, the internal musical rhythm: (is hidden) stems from the poet's choice of his words and the matching of letters and movements between them, as if The poet has inner ears behind his visible ears that hear every shape, every letter, and its movement with complete clarity. Internal musical rhythm is also known as “a group of rhythms, tones, harmony, and symmetry that we glimpse in what emerges from the string when the plectrum plucks it, or the sound of the flute when the lips blow it. Or what the piano echoes when the fingertips caress it, or what flows under the tip of the pen.
The internal musical rhythm is linked to the sense and feeling of the human being, which he draws in lines and expresses in words. It is “the poet’s ability to establish a musical structure consisting of psychological suggestions that rise or fall, harden or add up, separate or unite, to form in their entirety a coordinated melody closer to the frame.” Symphonic. Therefore, intonation has an internal effect that appears and appears on the senses. The internal rhythm of words and the musical atmosphere that it creates when they are pronounced is one of the most important stimuli that arouses appropriate special emotions, and it also has a special suggestion in the imagination of the recipient and the speaker alike.

Taboo it was moral values an important element of ancient Egyptian Religious ideology , Was Various types shape and ways that forbiddance of Godly taboo and Human forbiddance and Behavioral forbiddance and even Legislative or Regulatory taboo , All of these principles in forbiddance it wasn't aimed Just obedience each idea Egyptian Religious Theology ancient which was main objectives Building a society Egyptians to keep of Humanitarian moral values that many have expressed of religious Literary transcripts the content was , sky obedience and not to Exceed to Human to brother Human and don’t exceed to Natural Because god divine authority and Natural must be the wrath of the gods.

Some of the people of guidance and some commentators walked on the choice of one of the aspects of reading in some places, but in general they mostly mention guidance without choice, but that does not negate the existence of choice with them, and this research shows what choice they have and what are the controls, and to find out the truth of these issues, we mention the definition of choice and then talk about the stages of the emergence of directing readings and others
The research wanted to warn that the field of choice for those with guidance is much wider compared to the reader's choice of his commitment to a particular reading or the choice of the narrator because he is committed to reading his sheikh.
And the choice of the people of the crown.

The study dealt with the issues of phonetic, grammatical, and semantic research in Al-Jami’ Dictionary by Sayyid Muhammad bin Al-Sayyid Hassan Al-Adranwi (866 AH). The author paid special attention to phonetic and morphological issues. Emphasizing the importance of the essence of the word and its changes, as he took care to mention the opinions of ancient scholars, including: Al-Khalil, Sibawayh, Al-Akhfash, Al-Jawhari, Al-Azhari, and others, and the most important issues that it has are: substitution, assimilation, obsequiousness, hamza, qalb, transgression, and zum, etc. These are grammatical and semantic issues. They received a lot of attention from the author, and they were discussed throughout the book, including: the parsed and the built, the prohibition of morphology, and the addition, and in semantics, it dealt with: the phenomena of the verbal, the adjective, the parsed, the generator, and others.

This research deals with the reasons for the revelation and its importance according to Sheikh Al-Balisani in Tafsir Hasan al-Bayan and the method of presenting the reasons for the revelation according to Sheikh al-Balisani in Tafsir Hasan al-Bayan and its sources, as we find that the Sheikh sometimes mentions more than one reason for the revelation of the Noble Verse and clarifies the most correct of them, and other times he suffices with mentioning one narration. Because of the revelation of the noble verse. Then the Sheikh mentions the reason for the revelation and attributes it to one of the commentators from whom he took it. Therefore, the importance of the reasons for the revelation in interpreting the verses of the Holy Qur’an becomes clear to Sheikh Al-Balisani in his use of them and his reliance on them in weighing between the interpretive sayings and explaining the legal rulings deduced from those verses, as the Sheikh used to give reasons. The revelation discusses the meanings of the verses of rulings.
And he benefited from the reason for the revelation in explaining the temporal context and the connection between the noble verses and explaining the occasion between the verses and the wisdom of them and the effect of that on the correct understanding of the Holy Qur’an and the legal rulings deduced from it, so he mentioned

One of the manifestations of the importance of abnormal readings is that a large number of scholars paid attention to them, and many books were written about them showing their importance and their impact on other sciences. We have spoken in this research about the ruling on their Qur’an, and the ruling on using them in deducing legal rulings, and we have concluded that they are not considered Qur’an. It is not permissible to pray with it. As for invoking it, the most likely opinion is that it is permissible to use it in legal rulings according to all jurists, despite their differences in the extent of this invocation. The most extensive jurists in invoking it are the Hanafis and then the Hanbalis. As for the Shafi’is, even though it is well known that they do not invoke it. However, the researcher of their books finds that they have adopted it in a number of issues. They use it as evidence, but with conditions. As for the Malikis, they are the most strict people in citing it, as they did not accept it except in very rare cases.

This interpretive and selectively descriptive study examines the spiritual correlation between patience (صبر) and pain (ألم) in the Holy Quran, seeking to understand the depth of their relationship and their role in human spiritual development. It highlights the significance of comprehending the divine message and timeless wisdom conveyed in the Quran regarding issues of patience and pain, demonstrating how they can serve as a source of inspiration and guidance for humanity in facing life\'s challenges. The aim of this research is to analyze the spiritual correlation between patience and pain in the Holy Quran, shedding light on the divine vision of these values and their impact on achieving inner peace and spiritual growth. Employing an inductive analytical approach, the study relies on a detailed examination of Quranic verses related to patience and pain, analyzing their interpretations and reflecting on their profound meanings. The study elucidates the deep spiritual correlation between patience and pain in the Holy Quran, portraying them as fundamental aspects of the journey of faith and spiritual evolution, fostering trust in God and inner equilibrium. It concludes that understanding the spiritual correlation between patience and pain in the Holy Quran can serve as a source of inspiration and guidance for believers in confronting the challenges and trials of life, enhancing trust in God and achieving inner peace and spiritual balance.

This research aims to show the most important components related to the concept of succession, identified by the Qur'anic methodology, which aims to build the human being, and prepare him comprehensively at the spiritual and mental level, to carry out his mission entrusted to him; to build the earth, and invest its bounties. The methodology of succession in building urbanization is based on the following components: scientific and intellectual components, practical components, and moral components.
The research also focuses on highlighting the role of man in the construction of the earth, and what this urbanization requires of intellectual construction that enables the Muslim mind to achieve the conditions of succession by looking, researching, experimenting, obtaining and employing science, as well as building it morally that enables it to achieve honesty, the administration of justice, and the achievement of the principle of moderation in faith, worship, and urbanization. Urbanization in the Holy Qur'an revolves around three components: (man): which is the focus of reconstruction, (and the land): which is the place of reconstruction, (and the system of living): the establishment of justice, and the preservation of the system of coexistence.
One of the most important results that resulted from this research is: not limited to urbanization in the Holy Qur'an on physical construction only, but included spiritual urbanization, and emotional human being, which was represented by faith, and to have noble morals, and the employment of the mind by reflection and the acquisition of science and knowledge, as well as to the care of the Holy Qur'an elements of urbanization and its role in making man reach in his construction to the stage of advancement, renaissance in all fields, and the establishment of a civilization with high values based on science and faith, justice and equality

The research was keen to clarify the correct approach indicated by the Noble Verse in dealing with people of all types and natures, and the ethics that a Muslim should have since he is God’s successor on earth.
The research concluded that God - Glory be to Him - collected the good morals and made them into three main principles from which all other morals branch.
He also concluded that the eloquence of the Qur’anic discourse in the noble verse and the magic of its statement is one of the best means of persuasion for the Muslim person, as it takes him by the hand to guidance and righteousness, and elevates him to the sublime goal for which God - Glory be to Him - created him.

The issue of endowment and initiation in the Holy Qur'an has received great attention from scholars, readers and commentators, due to the relevance of this science to the Qur'anic meanings, Until this science counted half of the science of tajweed, as stated in the impact of Imam Ali (may God honor his face) in the interpretation of the recitation in the saying of the Almighty: …and recite the Qur'an with measured recitation. It: (( Recitation of letters and knowledge of standing)).
In order for the reader to apply the principles of this science correctly, he must avoid the obstacles, barriers, and reasons that prevent him from adhering to the rules of stopping and starting.
The obstacles that prevent the reader and keep him away from the correct stopping and starting are: lack of knowledge of the rules of the Arabic language, ignorance of Qur’anic interpretation and readings, lack of self-esteem, negligence and lack of attention.
The research has clarified all these obstacles and developed appropriate solutions that make the reader of the Holy Qur’an aware and knowledgeable about reading it.

God Almighty has honored us with the message of our Prophet Muhammad – may God bless him and grant him peace – and brought us out of darkness into light.
Women gained a great place after they had suffered from marginalization and deprivation of rights, as they were given their value in all their forms as a mother, a sister, and a wife, and each one of them was given rights over her society, and he was instructed to take care of her, treat her well, and take care of her affairs.
Derogating from women's rights is not permissible. Rather, men are equated with women in performing obedient acts and receiving rewards for them. Islam has given women a great position in our Islamic societies, while in other societies they have lost much of their position. We see them competing with males to work in jobs that are not compatible with femininity and are not compatible with women's rights. Her nature and femininity, and makes women lose many things, most notably starting a family, caring for her children, and caring for her husband.
God commanded women in the Qur’an and revealed verses and rulings, so it was a legislative miracle that meets their needs and holds accountable everyone who harms or transgresses against them. God Almighty created women and He knows best what is appropriate for them and what legislation and rulings are appropriate for every time and place. The verses in the Qur’an and the hadiths in the Sunnah of the Prophet came to represent a legislative miracle in women’s rights and duties, and this research focused on the issues of legislative miracle in regulating women’s rights in the six books specifically and the Holy Qur’an.

The study commenced with the researcher investigating the prophetic Hadith about Mu'adh bin Jabal. This included its place within the structure of inference principles, as well as an analysis of the Hadith's narration chain among narrators, exploring their interpretations and perspectives among fundamental scholars. The research then delved into the reasons behind some scholars' criticism of the Hadith's narration chain. Each aspect was examined in light of established principles from the science of Hadith and the science of men. The researcher also started to dissect the reasons behind some scholars' criticism of the Hadith's text. Each element was evaluated based on the guidance provided by Sharia texts and its principles, alongside the requirements set by the fundamentals of science and argumentation. This was done in conjunction with discussions on the Hadith of Mu'adh, examining reports from companions regarding the arrangement of fundamentals. A separate section highlighted these reports' aspects that attest to the Hadith of Mu'adh, both affirmatively and argumentatively. The researcher also delved into the interpretation of the Hadith, and the reasons for the lack of consensus level within it. The study concluded by discussing the understanding of some fundamental scholars of the apparent contradiction between the Quran and Sunnah. It also included a presentation of scholars' viewpoints on the rationale behind prioritizing the Quran over the Sunnah in the Hadith.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of All Worlds, prayers and peace be upon our generous prophet and be upon his family, his companions and who follows them till the Day of Judgment, after that,,
Islam is concerned with the mental and psychological health of Muslim individual and has made it one of the five necessities that must be preserved: Religion, mind, self, offspring and money. Islamic Shari 'a called on the individual to preserve his mind in order to benefit himself and others. It also called on him through legitimate texts to refine oneself and rid it of the dirt and evils. Therefore, mental and psychological health is one of the highest objectives of Islam because it plays a role in the reform and rehabilitation of the individual for the service of society. Any mental and psychological health defects are harmful to the individual and society and graduating it from the commissioning service or diminishing its mandate, as this subject is of great importance in determining the legislator speech and its attachment to the actions of the taxpayers, the jurists have given some attention to this subject to the acts of the person in charge .
The research was divided into an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, an index of sources and references, chapter I: eligibility. In which it is investigated, chapter II: mental illness, and the cases in which it intervenes. It has an investigation, a ring, an index of sources and references.

The Qur’anic approach to knowing the truth about ideal altruism and its impact on the individual and society, an objective study))
Altruism: It is putting the needs of others before the needs of oneself, with generosity and kindness. This can only be done by souls prepared for sacrifice. It is the best cover, the best slogan, and evidence of firm faith and trust in what is with the Most Merciful. It is a sign of a person’s love for his brothers, and evidence of the safety of the soul from the worms of selfishness, greed, and selfishness. The true believer, the one who loves and is honest with his brothers, is the one who is generous with what he has in his hands while he is in need of it, and hungers to satisfy others. He works hard so that his brothers can rest, and stays up late so that his loved ones can sleep.
Altruism: the opposite of selfishness, which is loving oneself with a love that blinds it to everything. A person only sees himself, and does not work except through this self, and the personal benefit that he achieves for him is not shared by anyone else. These concepts are clear in individuals and societies because of their impact on The reality in public and private transactions in all fields.

The Holy Qur’an is a book of guidance, education, and reform for the benefit of mankind. Through the course of the research, the researcher was exposed to the misconceptions that the unbelievers had, and the Holy Qur’an corrected those concepts by explaining its method in correcting the contained concept. The Holy Qur’an was revealed correcting these beliefs, and for that purpose he took a valuable approach that does not The crookedness in it is compatible with human thought and the errors that occur to it regarding a certain concept or idea. We notice that the correction brought by the Holy Qur’an varies in different ways, including setting an example, intimidation and intimidation, or reminding of God’s punishment or good reward. All of them are corrections that come in a way that suits the wrong concept that It was the belief of the infidel, so correct perceptions and faith values that are far from error should arise in the Muslim soul.

This research is a study and critical edition of a brief treatise titled “Elmam bi Tahrir Qawli Saadi wa Issam,” written by the distinguished scholar Sheikh Ibrahim bin Hassan Al-Gorani, one of the prominent Kurdish scholars. Sheikh Al-Gorani authored this treatise to answer two written questions related to the comments of Issam and Saadi on the exegesis of Al-Qadi Al-Baydawi.
The first question pertains to Issam’s commentary on Al-Baydawi’s interpretation of the verse: “Lord of the Worlds” [Al-Fatiha: 2], and the second question concerns Saadi’s commentary on Al-Baydawi’s interpretation of the verse: “Who perfected everything He created” [As-Sajda: 7].
Sheikh Al-Gorani clarified these two questions by relying on the statements of esteemed scholars who preceded him, reflecting his deep knowledge of linguistics, exegesis, theology, and his familiarity with Islamic heritage.
In my effort to serve the legacy of our esteemed scholars, I have critically edited this treatise, provided commentary, and served the text according to the scientific method of critical editing. The critical edition is preceded by a comprehensive study of the author from various aspects, aiming to present an integrated academic work that serves researchers and those interested in Islamic heritage.

This research aims to explore the practice of Salat al-Istisqa (rain prayer) in Damascus during the Mamluk era (648-923 AH / 1250-1517 AD). The study is organized into two main sections. The first section provides an overview of the geographical context of Damascus, including its name, location, water sources, and climate, as well as the religious customs and practices of its inhabitants. The second section examines how Salat al-Istisqa was performed in Damascus during the reign of the Bahri and Burji (Circassian) Mamluk dynasties in response to drought conditions, which significantly affected the economic well-being of both the state and the general population.
The research concludes with a summary of key findings, along with a table listing the Mamluk sultans of the Bahri and Burji dynasties, the years in which Salat al-Istisqa was performed, and the frequency of these prayers. This table is intended as a quick reference for researchers interested in the specific years when the rain prayer was conducted.

The conquest of Spain by the Arabs was a continuation of the wars of liberation that the Muslim Arabs fought in order to spread the word of God Almighty on earth, spread the Islamic religion, and remove the peoples from the yoke of persecution practiced by the two great powers in the world at that time, namely the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire. So the Muslim Arabs liberated their Arab brothers from The occupying forces, and also liberated the rest of the peoples of the world from this injustice and spread the highest values of humanity and civilization among those peoples, since Islam was their noble goal in all their conquests.

Through this study, we seek to uncover and trace the references - historical (heritage) events - in the experience of the poet, scholar Muhammad Bahjat Al-Athari, as poetry often relies on history in its interpretation of historical events. Poetry has a role in revealing the details of those historical events and documenting them, and this shows the extent of the relationship. The close relationship between poetry and history, as poetry reflects human history and the intellectual aspects and human feelings it contains that reveal the way man deals with his environment and society.
The poet Muhammad Bahjat Al-Athri conjured various events from distant eras, linked them to the events of his contemporary time, employed them in his poetry, and made them his proof, interacting with his poetic experience.
Evoking historical events - such as historical references from the days of the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era, Islamic conquests, and contemporary wars - has become a necessary matter in contemporary literary texts and a prominent feature of them. In it, poets found what they wanted to express what was burning in their hearts, and what artistic and aesthetic values were hidden in their poetry, and poets understood the importance of Historical issues are among the expressive means that poets resort to to break the stagnation and imitation that has afflicted Arabic poetry and to try to modernize it. They have contributed to the maturity and formation of a poet’s vision towards his homeland and nation and its crises and have helped the poet to define his positions that express his reality by building bridges between the past and the present to reproduce This is a present inheritance.

After Mohamed Anwar Sadat became president of Egypt, he became convinced that it was important to open communications and negotiations with western countries, especially the United States of America ,because it was at the forefront of countries supporting Israel, which raised the feasrs of the Soviet Union and to preserve tried to conclude friendship and cooperation treaty with Egypt .in 1971, after they refused to sign it during the era of president Gamal Abdel Nasser president Sadat agreed to sign it in exchange for Soviet weapons that would enable him to start a war to liberate Arab lands.

The roles played by Storrs were of great significance in international politics in general and in the Arab arena in particular. Therefore, I felt that due to the importance of this figure and the role he played, it is necessary to shed broader light on him in order to clarify some historical facts that occurred during that period and the contributions of this man. Thus, the idea of choosing this topic took shape. My interest in understanding and knowing the circumstances surrounding the events that took place, along with my curiosity to learn about the life of this personality, led me to choose the topic "Ronald Storrs and His Stance on Arab Issues (1881-1955)" for study.
The reason for defining the topic in this way was to take a closer look at his personality and how it developed, and then to discuss the main role he played, particularly concerning Arab issues. The reason for defining the study period with these years is that 1881 marks the year of his birth, while 1955 marks the year of his death.

The research shed light on the role of the Southern Front in Sudanese political life, which was able to fill the political vacuum for southerners inside Sudan, due to the presence of most of the well-known southern political leaders outside Sudan. In view of this, it sought to seize the initiative from the Sanu Party, which was exhausted by the intensity of division and disintegration, and demanded the secession of South Sudan or Granting him the right to self-determination, in addition to that, it worked to unify southern views in order to achieve the aspirations of southerners for social, economic, political and cultural freedom, as well as its effective participation in preparing for the holding of the Round Table Conference, by sending its delegations to East African countries to persuade the leaders of SANU to participate in Sudanese political life and ending the civil war that exhausted the southerners, but those efforts brought it into conflict with William Deng after his return to Sudan, because of its effort to have the exclusive right to represent South Sudan in any negotiations with the government and the northern political parties regarding the south. The Southern Front also made great efforts to prevent The northern parties were unable to approve a constitution based on the principles of Islamic Sharia.

The research entitled (The development of missile technology during the era of Hitler (1933-1945) and the role of scientists in it) highlights the role of scientists in the manufacture of missiles during the era of Hitler, as 's government increasingly sought to develop weapons and enhance technological superiority by using academics and scientists in various fields, including the manufacture of ballistic missiles as well as nuclear weapons. Research and development of missiles during the Nazi era played a pivotal role in changing World War II, and affected the future of weapons of mass destruction and space travel.

President William McKinley sought to regional expansion during his presidency of the United States from 1897 to 1901, as a way to motivate the domestic economy and increase America's international standing and its emergence as a global power. President McKinley's expansionist foreign policy emphasized that it was directly linked to the economic markets and prosperity of the United States, and not, as is commonly believed that it has a moral duty to help Cuban revolutionaries to get rid of Spanish domination. This foreign policy was designed to achieve economic growth, which conflicted with what many believed were the foundations or bases of the United States Constitution and the laws of seclusion, which was the belief that no person should be ruled by another person without consent. But after the United States of America gained its independence in 1783, the government departments in the United States relied on the principle of isolation from the outside world, and not expanding outside their country borders. But when McKinley assumed the American presidency, he thought about colonialism and breaking from the principle of international isolation, and despite the opposition of the anti-imperialist movement and members of McKinley's party to his expansionist plans, the president believed that he must obtain unconditional support from the American people to achieve his expansionist goals. Soon, with his political acumen, he was able to exploit the liberation movements and international circumstances that the American continent pass through. He was able to rally American public opinion behind him. Public pressure on Congress led to military intervention to invade and control Cuba in 1798, serving as a starting point for American hegemony over other countries.

Al Buraimi Oasis is one of the most prominent oases in the Arabian Peninsula due to its important strategic location as an important commercial meeting place for the countries of the region, in addition to the abundant quantities of fresh water, palm farms, fruits, grains and large quantities of oil. The research addressed the problem of the ownership of Al Buraimi Oasis and the escalation of the international conflict over it as it represents an area of attraction for British and American oil companies, which led to the emergence of this conflict. This problem affected regional politics in the Arabian Gulf region and the Arabian Peninsula throughout the period 1956-1968.

Niger is one of the landlocked African countries, and is characterized by its abundance of natural resources, especially uranium, oil, gold, and iron. However, it suffers from high rates of poverty and the deterioration of the economic, health and environmental sectors. This is due to the monopoly of France and some European Union countries on these natural resources, compared to a small percentage for the State of Niger. Which encouraged the Nigerian Armed Forces to carry out a military coup in July 2023 against the corrupt government of Mohamed Bazoum, which cooperated with colonial countries at the expense of the people of the state, and to form the current ruling military council.
These events prompted the researcher to delve into knowing the extent of their impact on indicators of economic, health and environmental security in the state of Niger by comparing these indicators (which are among the most important indicators of human security) before and after the coup of July 2023.
The research revealed that all of these indicators rose in favor of the state of Niger and its population after the coup, despite the decline in international support (international aid) that Niger was receiving from France and some European Union countries due to their control and investment in Niger’s resources, especially uranium, with the exception of some indicators that decreased slightly. After the coup due to the internal repercussions and financial obligations of the new government led by General (Abdulrahman Tiani).

The research concluded that the rainy seasons in Iraq are subject to a system consisting of four rain patterns, which are the low rain cycle, the high rain cycle, the oscillating rain cycle, and the fourth pattern is a single rainy season (non-periodic) that usually separates the previous rain cycles. From the analysis of the three rain patterns, it became clear that they come in the form of two, three, and forth cycles... etc. In general, the low rain cycle is the longest of the cycles, as it can reach (9) consecutive rainy seasons. From the analysis of the rainfall amounts for the low rain cycles, it became clear that the rainfall decreases significantly with the increase in the length of the low rain cycle. According to these results, Iraq must be prepared to face the low rain cycles by maintaining sufficient water storage to face these successive dry seasons, especially the two low rain cycles that recorded the highest frequencies.

Cartographic representation of geographical phenomena, including developmental ones, is an important and basic tool for geographers that can be adopted to facilitate the process of data representation and spatial analysis of the phenomenon to be studied. It also provides comparative studies between two or more phenomena to show the extent of the variation of these phenomena, their distribution, and knowledge of the factors affecting them. Based on this importance, the research sought to adopt multiple methods of cartographic representation in accordance with the availability of data related to human development indicators, including education, in addition to using the quantitative statistical method in applying the techniques and standards adopted in calculating statistical equations and standards. The primary education index in the Kut district for two years 2009 and 2024 has been linked to the cartographic representation to give a clear picture of that index, identify the strengths and weaknesses, and an attempt to evaluate and address the defect in it within three sections, it dealt with the cartographic representation of the primary education indicator in the district, evaluating its efficiency, and determining its rate of change for the two aforementioned years, based on data available from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and the General Directorate of Wasit Education and on demographic and planning standards in the evaluation process. The research reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is poor government planning and reluctance to meet the basic needs required by the educational process and the means of its success. This has negatively reflected on the nature of performance and the efficiency of the indicator in Kut District, as well as the increase in its effects and the variation in its indicators and rates among its administrative units, so it requires the availability The appropriate conditions for the development process to be a comprehensive process based on clear scientific foundations and a proven methodology that are commensurate with the extent of the capabilities possessed by the judiciary, based on the Human Development Index and other methods of analysis.

The research sought to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of soil contamination with Aspergillus spp on groundwater in the (Najaf-Karbala) plateau within the center of Najaf district and Al-Haidariya district, by taking (22) sites and (88) samples in four seasons (summer, autumn, winter and spring) and then they were diagnosed and analyzed microbiologically and their types and numbers and the effects caused by these pathogenic species on humans, animals and plants were known. Their spatial variation was also known, as it was found that there are sites that record the highest presence of Aspergillus spp in the study area, on the contrary, there are sites that did not record any presence of this fungus. The temporal variation between the seasons was also known, as autumn and spring recorded the highest presence, then winter in third place, and finally summer recorded in terms of the total number of Aspergillus spp in the study area. Finally, the research concluded that the study area constitutes an environmental hazard that threatens residents with groundwater contamination with Aspergillus spp and what This fungus causes dangerous diseases for humans, animals and plants.

The research included a spatial analysis of the manifestations of desertification in the Abu Ghraib district, as three years were chosen: 2002, 2013, and 2023, to determine the NDVI index - NPVN. The research revealed that there is a variation in these years due to natural factors, the most important of which are the rise in temperature, the increase in the causes of drought, and the decline in water flow, which coincides with a decrease in The amounts of rain, which led to water scarcity, and also the transformation of large areas of it into barren and abandoned, as well as human factors, the most important of which are human mismanagement of agricultural lands and urban expansion, as well as overgrazing and logging as a result of the security conditions from the year 2013, which forced people to cut down plants and trees unjustly. It appears to us that the result of the NDWI was significantly negative in the three study cases, and the result of the NDVI was also significantly negative. We have concluded from the three study cases that there is an increase in indicators of desertification and decline in vegetation cover, consistent with what is happening in the water cover index.

Concrete industry is one of the most important construction industries that deals with cement and heterogeneous mixture of aggregates with water,
In addition to additives including reaction accelerators reaction slowers and water – reducing additives,these materials that go into the concrete industry cause many health risks to workers in this industry,therefore the American OSHA regulations wich are among the most important international systems have indicated the areas of application of OSHA standards in the construction industries in general.It is represented by (training and awareness ,risk management,technical guidelines and technical standards , inspection and monitoring , emergency management) ,among the companies that are interested in applying occupational safety standards accurately is Lafarge which was adopted as a model for study.this compang has contributed to equipping many huge projects in Iraq by producing,this company produces standard concrete mixes and various types of regular concrete and reinforced concrete it also produces artevia floors which are a type of concrete with prominent aggregates, this company adopts occupational health and safety rules and is keen to implement them accurately in addition to the presence of a specialized staff in first aid for possible injuries,However there are many injuries among workers but at a low level compared to companies where the application of occupational health and safety rules is weak.

The issue of urban deterioration is one of the important topics that must receive wide attention from decision-makers and those interested in the development of urban communities in order to overcome obstacles and solve problems that stand in the way of improving a better life, achieving social well-being, and promoting a sustainable future. Identifying deteriorating urban places, their levels of deterioration, and the causes Behind this deterioration is a database that helps specialists formulate treatment policies. Therefore, the research topic focuses on studying the spatial variation of urban deterioration in the Karrada and Zafaraniyah districts. Which is considered one of the important cities in the capital, Baghdad, which suffers from the phenomenon of urban deterioration in a wide and varying manner between cities in recent times, and the research relied on revealing this difference by relying on relative weights. The research found that the districts of Karrada al-Sharqiya and al-Zafaraniya both had a similar relative weight for the level of urban deterioration, amounting to (11.5%, 11.4%) out of a total of (28%). This indicates the presence of a rate of deterioration with an average rating for this criterion. At the level of the neighborhoods of the study area, it is clear that there is a difference in the level of urban deterioration, which has been classified into three levels. The first level was represented by neighborhoods with low deterioration, namely the University District and Babel District, after they acquired a relative weight of (7.5% and 7.8%), respectively. The second level was the average level of deterioration in each of the Sinbad neighborhood, Al-Wahda neighborhood, Al-Zafaraniya neighborhood, and Al-Riyadh neighborhood, after the weighted relative weight in them reached a percentage ranging between (10.9% and 11.5%), respectively. As for the third level, a noticeable increase in the level of deterioration was recorded, represented by the Karrada neighborhood and the Diyala neighborhood, after the relative weight of the level of deterioration reached ((15.2%, 13.2%), respectively.

The study aims to provide a detailed picture of the economic feasibility of the location of the General Company for Glass and Ceramic Industries in the study area. It assesses the current location of the glass and ceramic factory in Ramadi and its economic viability using a contemporary applied approach that employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study utilizes various GIS functions for spatial analysis and planning criteria, and it identifies suitable solutions to achieve this feasibility
The study found that the area under investigation contains large quantities of raw materials essential for this industry. Establishing this factory in the study area is considered a turning point for the industry. The glass sand, a primary raw material, is found in the Ardhuma area west of Rutba, with a purity of 99%. Approximately 734 kg of this raw material is required to produce one ton of glass. Additionally, kaolin clay, used in ceramic production, is found in the Duwikhla area (south of the Karrah depression) northeast of Rutba, playing a significant role in supporting the industry.
Field studies revealed that the workforce is underpaid compared to the education, health, and electricity sectors, and they are also deprived of incentives. The field study also indicated that the management of the glass and ceramic factory is focused solely on personal interests, exemplifying poor management and administrative corruption. One of the main conclusions is that there is no economic feasibility for the factory to remain at its current location as long as there is no genuine support to revive and develop such an industry.

Primary education services are considered one of the important pillars of economic, social and cultural development. Therefore, the study sought to reveal the reality of these services in the Al-Ghadir municipal unit, their spatial distribution and their functional efficiency compared to the size of the population by relying on local standards. The study pointed to the problem of imbalance in primary education institutions and the size and density of the population. One of the most important goals that the study sought to achieve is to analyze the reality of the distribution of primary education services and the extent of their adequacy, efficiency, and suitability to urban planning standards that meet the needs of society, in addition to creating a database for the study area that helps decision makers achieve justice in the distribution of educational services, The study reached many conclusions, most notably the inefficiency and adequacy of primary education services due to the lack of school buildings and the prevalence of the phenomenon of double shift and triple shift in the same school building, which in turn leads to a decline in the educational level of students.

The current research aims to build a guidance program to reduce emotional displacement among university students by testing the following hypotheses:
There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the average level of students in the experimental group in the pre- and post-tests on the emotional displacement scale.
There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the average ranking of students in the control group in the pre- and post-tests on the emotional displacement scale.
There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the average ranks of students in the experimental and control groups in the test on the emotional displacement scale.
In order to test these hypotheses, a quasi-experimental experiment was used, designing two popular and control groups with two tests and a post-test. The research was innovative and consisted of (20) female students, distributed in each group (10) female students. The guidance program was applied to the experimental group and was not applied to the control group. In order to verify the research procedures that were used, scientific statistics were used. The research results appeared effective in reducing emotional displacement among university students. The research reached a number of recommendations and proposals.

to attest the date Theatrical artistic and technical revolutions at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the third millennium. The goal of those revolutions was an intellectual orientation of the show maker (director) and the work to leave everything old and traditional to get out of fixed frameworks and templates and move to produce renewed artistic forms that mimic technical and technological development and intellectual and cultural openness . The contemporary director creates a readable visual language with the vocabulary of lines, blocks and sizes according to a unique philosophical and aesthetic point of view. Today we live in the digital era, the latest of which is artificial intelligence. And its enormous potential and transformative power in all fields, including theatrical art. The research came in four chapters: The first : The theoretical framework and dealt with the research problem and centered on the following question: How to apply artificial intelligence programs and applications to the contemporary directorial vision in theatrical presentation? And the importance of research and benefiting from it in theatrical studies in particular. Graduate students and relevant technical institutions, and the goal of the research: Know the transformative power of artificial intelligence and its reflection in directorial vision The new limits of research in 2022 and at the College of Fine Arts, Pioneer Theater. The subject of the research is (the transformative power of artificial intelligence in contemporary theatrical performance) for the play ( Gilgamesh ), prepared and directed by Hussein Ali Haref. The research identified some terms and procedural definitions. In the second chapter, the theoretical framework : It included two sections: the first is the transformative power of artificial intelligence and the second is the formations of the directorial vision in contemporary theatrical presentation. The research reached the most prominent indicators and data, including: The application of Text-to- Iamge Generation is very suitable for transforming the imagination of text words into existing images and deep creation. In the third chapter, research procedures : the research community, the descriptive analytical research method, research tools, and sample analysis , according to indicators and framework data. Theoretical, and in the fourth chapter, the results of the research, the most important of which are: AI technologies and programs have contributed to adding new methods and visions to the art of digital directing . The conclusions stated : Artificial intelligence and the directing vision are an artistic and social interaction, and it is possible to create a partnership and provide creative opportunities between them, and in the recommendations: Develop Theoretical and applied programs and holding workshops in arts colleges and departments. The research concluded with a list of sources, references, and a summary

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the TRIZ model in developing skills among family rehabilitation and technical professions students in the subject of handicrafts. The researcher used the experimental design with two groups with a pre-test and a post-test for the subject of handicrafts to suit the sample consisting of third-year students in the Department of Family Education and Technical Professions / College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University. The sample consisted of (40) male and female students, divided into two equal groups, one of which was an experimental group consisting of (20) male and female students who studied using the TRIZ model and a control group consisting of (20) male and female students who studied using the The usual, and through it the researcher reached the results using the research tool, which is a form to evaluate the skill performance, to know that through the answers to the paragraphs of the form, where the researcher analyzed the data using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). The results showed that there is a positive effect of the TRIZ model as a modern model in teaching that contributed to increasing the cognitive and skill achievement of family education and technical professions students in the subject of manual work compared to the traditional method, as the research results showed that there are statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the pre-skill performance form and the average scores of students in the post-skill performance form for the experimental group. Keywords: TRIZE Model - Artistic Skills – Handicrafts

The present research is aimed at investigating the effect of the strategy (POSSE) on achievement of the students of the fifth scientific class and the development of their critical thinking in the Arabic grammar lesson and comparing it with the traditional method. The research sample included 71 students who were classified into two groups: an experimental group (35 people) and a control group (36 people). Accordingly, 74 behavioral goals were compiled and lesson plans were prepared for both groups. Also, an academic test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions and a critical thinking skills test including 30 questions were prepared. According to the statistical charts, the results of the study indicated the higher progress of the experimental group, which was trained with the strategy (POSSE), in comparison with the control group trained with the traditional method. The reason was that the students of the experimental group had the possibility to recover the data in the exams; and that was effective in raising their academic level. Moreover, the (POSSE) strategy, which was based on the principle of dialogue between students and the teacher, was helpful in organizing and classifying the students' skills.

The aim of the research was to identify the thinking hand strategy in the achievement of the students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of Art History. The researcher adopted the experimental method with two groups, the experimental and the control, with the pre-test and post-test. The research tool was to formulate a cognitive test for the subject of Art History on a sample consisting of students of the Department of Art Education, numbering (60) male and female students distributed into two groups. The data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS) The results showed that teaching with the thinking hand strategy on the achievement of art education department students in the art history subject has a clear effect on the superiority of the experimental group students compared to the cognitive achievement of the control group students, thus rejecting the null hypothesis. This means that there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group students in the post-test.

Arabic and English share parallels and contrasts in diverse linguistic domains, including grammar. Significant issues in both languages include intransitivity and transitivity. The present study aims at investigating the following question: What are the properties of Transitive, Intransitive and Passive forms in Arabic and English? This is a qualitative, descriptive study. In Arabic and English, intransitive and transitive verbs are distinguished differently. The object can be omitted in Arabic and English without altering the verb type. Third, if the meaning is unclear, transitive or intransitive verbs may need adverb accompaniments. Fourth, certain verbs in both languages require two objects when used. Both languages have indirect objects. “However, English differs from Arabic. In Arabic, intransitive verbs can be conjugated into transitive ones by many methods, unlike in English. English sentence order impacts subject and object, while Arabic sentence order is unrelated to case. Fourth, Arabic has distinct intransitive verbs that are not found in English. In contrast to Arabic, English intransitive verbs have subcategories like ergatives and middles. This paper also, explored passive construction formation, forms, and functions in English and Classical Arabic. The researchers compared passive sentence forms in Arabic and English languages.” According to the study, both languages share similarities in time indication. English sentences require a ‘subject’ to identify the actor of the action. However, Passivation in Arabic differs from English due to structures and movements such as kasra, damma, and fatha. Additionally, the verbal Passivation structure in Arabic and English are studied simultaneously.”

Twenty-first century literature featuring disability has shown a marked flight from the traditional and conventional representations of disability as sites of pity, compassion or fear. Two novels that ostensibly delineate this shift in disability cultural studies are The Quarry (2013) by Iain Banks and A Room Called Earth (2020) by Madeleine Ryan. Although almost a decade apart, the two novels portray neurodivergent protagonists whose disability is neither a badge of shame nor a defining characteristic. This provided the perfect opportunity to step into the other side of the normality divide and experience the world from the point-of-view of intellectually divergent characters without any of the negative bias of an external, able-bodied narrator. The analysis revealed how in the subjective realities of these protagonists the traditional concepts of normal and divergent were completely inverted thereby solidifying the idea that disability is not an absolute condition but a relative and socially constructed one and similarly authentic representations can go a long way in displacing the stigmatization and misconceptions surrounding the disabled.

This study explores the concept of hyper-textuality within Alice Oswald's "Dunt: A Poem for a Dried Up River," situating the poem within a postmodernist framework. The central problem of this analysis lies in understanding how Oswald's work embodies and challenges the notions of textuality, fragmentation, and intertextuality typical of postmodern literature. The aim is to uncover the ways in which hyper-textuality enhances the thematic concerns of environmental degradation and the impermanence of nature in "Dunt." The hypothesis posits that Oswald employs hyper-textuality not merely as a stylistic device but as a means to evoke a multifaceted dialogue between the poem and its surrounding cultural, ecological, and literary contexts. Guided by postmodern literary theory, the methodology encompasses a close reading of the text alongside comparative analyses with other works that explore similar themes of nature and loss. This approach is complemented by examining critical texts on hyper-textuality and postmodernism. Preliminary results indicate that Oswald's use of fragmented images, disjointed narratives, and allusions to various texts create a rich tapestry of meanings that invite readers to engage actively with the text, thus reinforcing the poem's central motifs of absence and ecological crisis. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how contemporary poetry utilizes hyper-textuality as a vehicle for critical engagement with pressing environmental issues, suggesting that Oswald’s work is not only a lament for a dried-up river but also an intricate commentary on the interconnectedness of text, nature, and human experience in the postmodern landscape.

Critical discourse analysis (ACD) is a qualitative approach to text analysis that stresses the dynamic interaction between the text and its context. The current study tries to investigate the three levels of interaction between Imam Ali (PBUH) and Kharijites—description, interpretation, and explanation adapting a descriptive-analytical method of Fairclough's theory. This study first focuses on the linguistic and rhetorical devices used in Imam`s sermons. Secondly, It exposes the betrayal of the Kharijites and the frustration of their confrontation with the dominant ideology of power in society. The results explain Imam Ali's ideological conflict with the Kharijites` ideology in his sermons, how he affects social and political events in society, and how he affects Kharijites` discourse.