Regional Studies Journal

Abstract
‎ Mr. Ahmed Sami Al-Jalabi had found in the changes of Iraqi political life after the U.S. occupation and the ‎fall of the regime on April, 9, 2003 the suitable chance to reissue the newspaper Fata – Al – Iraq aftir a ‎stop of 34 years. The abolition of ministry of lnformation gave him the courage to do so and the freedom ‎of issuing so many news papers. Al- Jalabi made great efforts in recording the news paper at journalists ‎society. He tried to keep the Mosuli, National, Arab Islamic identity of the newspaper and to stand on the ‎conditions of issuing the newspaper again which appeared for the first time in 1930 The owner of the ‎newspaper confirmed the continuity of national themes of the first years of its issuing.‎

Abstract
The Turkish- Armenian relations have witnessed, since 2008, a‎‏ ‏remarkable political openness ‎after Turkey being adopted the principle‏ ‏of "Zero- problems" with neighboring states within its ‎foreign policy.‎‏ ‏The two parties have concluded an agreement on October 15,2009‎‏ ‏according ‎which the existing problems between the two states have‏ ‏been solved; also it permitted to ‎resume political and economic‏ ‏relations; but both parliaments and the public opinion in these ‎statesrejected the agreement; due to that, the agreement has been frozen at‏ ‏that time. The efforts ‎to normalize relations between both states have‏ ‏gained support of some states and reservation ‎from other states ; andthat is the theme of the study.‎

Abstract:‎
The problem of the south of the most dangerous and the longer theproblems racial (ethnic) and ‎conflict, regional identities, which the African continent, and the administrations of U.S. ‎Successive power inside the White House positions and views of different and diverse, not even ‎the leaders decided the current U.S. administration (the administration of President Obama ‎‎(2009 2012) to develop the end of it by supporting the referendum of Southern Sudan, which ‎was conducted on January 9, 2011 and its consequences, and was all the evidence pointing ‎toward the south to secede with the support and the assignment by the United States of ‎America, which is trying this research followed by the illustration across the entrance to a ‎historic, three main areas:‎

Abstract
The Jordanian proposal to get some part of water of the Euphrates river has received acceptance ‎by Iraqi government which showed desire to implement such a project through a pipeline for ‎this purpose; and assigned it to many international companies to draw the related studies and ‎designs: but the political factors and financing issues hindered both states to fulfill what was ‎agreed about However, Jordan was counting on implementing the project to solve water ‎problem that the country went through since1980 .‎

Abstract
Turkish-Syrian relations are considered the most strained rather than Arab Neighboring ‎countries as for geographic location, history, ethnic blending, Kurdish problem, water problem, ‎and Turkish-Israeli Alliance and its impact on Syria as well as Turkey's relations with the USA ‎and
the NATO. This study included an introduction, three subjects and conclusion. The first subject ‎involved the Turkish-Syrian relations (historical view). While the second subject treated with ‎Turkish - Syrian relations during the period from Adana's agreement in 1998 until 2002and ‎reformation for Turkish foreign policy and the Syrian Intifada on March 15,2011 and the ‎Turkish attitude from that.‎

Abstract
During the recent years, economy of Algeria had faced a huge accumulation of monetary ‎resources made basically from exporting burnings. Due the limitation of capacity and this needs ‎to have an excellent investment for such short-life incoming and industry is being considered ‎the prime sector for this investment. This study tries to explain the scope of accumulation in ‎monetary resources and damages in which the national economy might cause and how ‎successful programs of industrialization be able to exploit this incomings and transforming the ‎national economy into varied economy.‎

Abstract
The International rivers are considered of the issues that fall within the interest of international ‎law as for the importance of it in legal or technical aspect, and fall within the scope of attention ‎the issue of using or exploiting international rivers by littoral states which raises the ‎importance of the states' rights and their duties toward each other in how to use the water of ‎international rivers in a manner that allows no harm to neighbors. The research sheds light on ‎the issue of international rivers and the matters of legal problems resulted from relations among ‎the littoral
states and what resulting from the uses; also the research deals with regional cooperation ‎among the littoral states through the extended international efforts to achieve international and ‎regional cooperation among neighboring states through efforts done by the states and the ‎United Nations in this regard to access to the modes of cooperation among the states according ‎to the provisions of the general international.‎

Abstract ‎
Iraqi-Turkish relations have an excellent standing within its regional environment that reflected ‎the desire of both parts to find positive relations and these efforts resulted in mutual-‎agreements which took its international law shape by concluding a cooperation treaty for ‎strategic security between the two countries on 10 july 2008, that started since signing of ‎understanding memorandum in August 2007. The treaty contained many items in the fields of ‎energy, oil, economy, security and military cooperation, encouraging diplomatic, cultural ‎educational, scientific exchange between the two countries, and coordinating the attitudes in ‎the international and regional forums which in case complying it will have a great impact to ‎advance the Iraqi- Turkish relations into high levels. The council has work mechanism and ‎periodical meeting presided by the presidents of both countries and with membership of ‎concerned ministers.‎

Abstract
No doubt that the attitudes of some states toward the historical events have major importance in ‎explaining the dimension and nature of the event. Since the U.S.A. was infront of the super ‎powers that called for the necessity of change and reform in the Arab world through its ‎concentration on the reports of the Arab human development and the negative consequences ‎that are resulted from the Arab political, economic, and social life during the three past ‎decades; thus, observing the attitudes of these powers is essential, so, the research targeted to ‎the Arab changing movements in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Syria. In addition, the ‎research contributes to explain the contradiction in the American attitude toward these events ‎and its stages; before that, we must review the starting point of these changing movements and ‎the causes and effects according to the historical and political approach that based on ‎researching and investigating the events to access to the desired results.‎

Abstract
The security and stability in the Black Sea region is of great importance for Turkey in the ‎era of the Cold War. After the end of this period, Turks began their political activity in the ‎neighborhood of their country during the presidency of the Turgut Ozal 1989-1993) in order ‎to build A Turkish regional leadership defined a (New Ottomanism). The Turkish activity ‎succeeded in combination of a group of countries opposing ethnically and ideologically in the ‎project defined as ( Organization of Economic Cooperation of Black Sea countries) contains ‎economic – politically dimensions , in order to install the international peace in the region of ‎the Black Sea and Caucasus whose necessary to secure energy supplies to Europe, according ‎to Turks visions, it might be given weight internationally for Turkey in global stability, which ‎helps to give additional impetus to Turkey on its way to join the European Union.‎

Abstract
Iraq and Turkey often connected with mutual and security issues, and the treatments of these ‎issued differed according to the internal conditions of both of them, regional and international ‎positions. The interlocking of international relations as a result of increasing of exchanged ‎interests between different states; that made facing security risks as a necessary matter because ‎of challenges against most of states which imposed by these risks. After the AKP has assumed ‎power in Turkey in late 2002, the principle of cooperation in the Turkish security and political ‎view on the range of the region including Iraq became not only a mere opportunity but a ‎necessary step to guarantee a fruitful and peaceful future in the region. Also, Turkey realizes ‎that Turkish security is with regional security; since in case if not solving these problems that ‎will affect Turkey directly which lead to doubled impacts on Turkey, therefore, for its security
safety and to support neighboring states, Turkey adopted an excellent attitude and successful ‎policy toward Iraq after American invasion in April 2003.‎

Abstract
This study is handled approximately ‎‏٤‏‎ million people who live in Lebanon having area of about 10000 ‎sqm and the reasons of never ending and not seem to end struggles of their representatives. Lebanon ‎became Frenchmandated in 1920 and gained its independence in 1946 but despite some changes, the ‎system coming from mandate period is still in progress in Lebanon. Lebanon in where the elections held ‎based on the sectarian quota system and the fate of the social and economic life is shaped by the ‎sectarians and political parties they support. However, zuama institution left by the people who did the ‎honors hundreds of years to Lebanon has standed out as another unifying or discriminative element in ‎society. The effect of these three important institutions’ “sects, political parties and zuama” desire to ‎obtain power and domination, makes perpetual the variability and conflicts between the governors and ‎the governed of Lebanon.‎

Abstract
Phonetics has many divisions & branches according to sound production &performance & also due to its ‎physical & functional nature.To study the voiced sounds means studying it according to the movement of
articulators, their position & vibration arising from these movements & positions. We aimed in this ‎research to study the voiceless sounds and voiced sounds to distinguish the difference between them by ‎discovering the nature of each sound and its features phonetically & their position in the structure of the ‎language .‎