NTU Journal for Administrative and Human Sciences

This study mainly aims at clarifying the concept of virtual currencies (encrypted) and the extent to which they are related to the rest of the other digital currencies. As to technological progress and the resulting innovations have contributed to bringing about radical changes with regard to the way the institutional unit manage its business and provide its services, the most prominent of which is related to the emergence of encrypted virtual currencies. As Bitcoin is one of the most globally widespread and famous currency. In addition, it severes fluctuations in its currency and the presence of many risks associated with it. However, it has gained the confidence of its dealers within the global Internet due to its ability to benefit from financial services closely, easily and smoothly related to it through the electronic platforms available on the Internet, which encourages some institutions around the world to deal with it and accept it as a means of payment. Therefore, this study reviews and analyzes the benefits and advantages of cryptocurrencies, in addition to diagnosing the challenges and risks, and what these digital currencies require in all their forms and types of appropriate infrastructure for their adoption and application, because of their direct impact on the level of the financial and banking industry, especially the payment sector and money transfer through systems, advanced payment and settlement. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on tracking developments in these currencies and analyzing the results of combining information technology and policy analysis with the aim of diagnosing their potential effects on payments and monetary policies, as well as financial services, targeting financial stability, and adopting the necessary measures to deal with these currencies and their effects

The research aims to provide a theoretical and applied framework to know the relationship and influence between social networks and e-marketing. The research contributes to raising awareness among organizations about the importance of e-marketing organizations as an important tool in facing challenges and variables and as a lever for development in addition to the importance of social networks in marketing. It enables organizations to reach the stage of excellence in light of the complexity of global data and the intensity of competition among them. A questionnaire was relied on to collect data for a sample of (50) employees in Carrefour Company, Erbil branch, and the research hypotheses were tested using the SPSS statistical program statistics and results indications. There is a correlation and a significant effect between social networks and electronic marketing. The conclusions and proposals of the research were formulated in a way that enables the researched organization to keep pace with the rapid developments

The information explosion and the tremendous development in the means of communication today have put the educational and knowledge environment in front of great developments and a high speed of performance, with distinctive uses of very diverse electronic technologies. This required radical changes in the quality of education and the roles of students; That is, moving them from classical learning to electronic learning, so there was a need to use this type of education as an effective strategy in higher education aimed at improving the educational process, and working to promote and value scientific research at the university level. In light of the exceptional circumstances imposed by crises, the latest of which is the Corona pandemic, it has become necessary to use e-education as an effective strategy to advance scientific research and ensure its continuation. Therefore, we will seek in this paper to clarify the importance of distance education at the university level and to highlight its role in activating modern technologies in light of the challenges and obstacles in a time of the epidemic.

The auditor of contemporary global changes that occurs in our lives today becomes clear that they are more than just emergency crises that end with the entry of the world into the twenty-first century or with minor modifications to our daily behaviors and skills. Rather, they indicate the emergence of a new era in thoughts, concepts and applications.
Science develops within moments, and the added value resulting from its applications has increased its innovation and obsolescence processes, and every day new sciences and disciplines that were not known before it appeared, and its future orientation is centered on interdisciplinary and finding research entrances that contain these branches. Whereas informatics is characterized by control, interaction and temporal and spatial communications , which increased its employment in the educational and learning process and led to the emergence of new and previously unknown educational institutions and patterns, and its future orientation is centered on smart systems characterized by taste, smell and sensation, and in the development of what is known as collective intelligence. As for the economic, political and cultural variables of globalization, they linked the global to the local and made the world a small global village that exchanges influences, events and developments in all fields, which the global human being must learn to live in this global village with the necessary values, trends and behaviors that qualify him to know others to deal with them and respect their cultural specificities, and to ensure that learning to function while growing, Economic blocs, mergers, international standards and World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. And in light of the increasing interdependence of the economies of countries, the increase in the movement of goods, services, labors, capitals and investments among them, and the intensification of competition in the local and global markets so that survival becomes the fittest, the best and the least expensive matter at the same time, and he must learn how to participate in building civil society on the foundations of democracy and citizenship. Positive dialogue, cultural pluralism, peace building and international cooperation, in light of increasing interdependence (3).
The educational system is highly influential and affected by the surrounding global variables, and since the teacher is the cornerstone of the educational process, and one of the most prominent elements of the educational system, the roles that he plays and the means and methods he uses will be affected accordingly, which requires determining these variables, and the extent of their impact on the formation of the teacher, and then suggesting the necessary programs to enable the teacher to interact seriously with these variables. Accordingly, the research problem is summarized in the following main questions: 1) what is the impact of contemporary global variables on the formation of the teacher, 2) and the teacher has an important role in instilling the values and principles through which society is reformed through science through which students will be able to build the five-year pyramid of knowledge represented in knowledge, how to employ knowledge, compatibility with knowledge, knowledge of facilitation, and knowledge of life and its basic requirements.
In the light of the challenges faced by the whole world, including the globalization that we live in today, which was the result of rapid developments in a world full of communication technologies that pervaded the whole world, it becomes necessary to harness these technologies in order to deliver information to all areas of life, especially education across time and place and make it grow through that role what the teacher has done through electronic or digital education because of those conditions that have occurred all over the glob in general and in our country in particular from the openness of the Iraqi citizen to the techniques that exist in the world, which our country is being debrived of, and employing them in the effective service of mankind, as well as the Corona pandemic, which made social distancing a must, and with this the process of education, and the other life in general has been stopped.
The necessity necessitated the existence of successful solutions that would give positive results and achieve continuity in the educational process, in particular, as the main reason for the process of knowledge and building generations, and achieving a future for the country, society and the individual alike, and then practicing other general areas of life. Besides, we must not marginalize the guiding role of the family in sowing the spirit of perseverance the student of knowledge at home, and the community abroad, and all of these complement in order to continue the educational process and gauranttee all the ways that benefit him from the means to reach his desired goals by acquiring knowledge and keeping pace with the world in rapid development. From this point of view, the vast majority seeks it for the sake of advancement of society to the highest level. Its goals and the role of the family in raising children is more extensive and deeper than what was prevalent in primitive and late societies. Therefore, psychology is interested in studying the child and his family's problems and needs, and shows that the child always needs to loved and being loved, in need of kindness and care, and that many of the mental and psychological disorders that the child suffers are due to his lack of love and kindness. It is not sufficient for the family to feed its newborn baby, clothe him, and provide him with his material needs; however, it must rather first and foremost provide him with tenderness and affection that he cannot live without. There is no doubt that depriving him of sympathy is at the expense of his younger or older brothers, at the expense of his brother or sister, and even at the expense of one of his parents. Analytical psychology has shown that a child could be jealous of his mother and father, of his sisters and brothers and even of the guest child. He demands his right of love and care, and is keen to obtain it completely without incompleteness. It has been proven that many of the child’s pathological behavior, which appears to be due to physical causes, is actually psychological and is due to the child’s jealousy. To his sense of neglegence to his lack of love. The tendency of some of them to stubbornness, crying, anger and destruction is due to their need for love and their feeling of lacking it. Undoubtedly, the family atmosphere and the type of relationships that surround it are like the turmoil of the Jubilee. The disorder of the father’s relations with the mother or vice versa, or the disorder of the brotherly relations, or the disorder of the family’s relations with other families, has a great relationship to the delinquency and rebellion of children, and the child’s lack of love pushes him to leave his community and his tendency to take revenge on him. There is nothing that makes a child straight in nature and moderate in his emotions and desires, such as the orgnization of the family and his care with love and kindness (4).
And we have to know that the child depends in everything on his society, whether it is the family society or the area surrounding it, and that he needs someone to help him distinguish between good and evil, between right and wrong, between moral and immoral, and shows him what religion, customs and traditions allow and what they forbid. He needs to form his personality, refine his character, and build himself to be able to distinguish between what is permissible and what is and to decide his duties, know his rights, and act according to his conscience. That is, he can be free from the help of others. This is what we call independent education which makes the child a person capable of relying on himself in the future; and to live without fear or contract. These make him a social human being able to contribute to building his society and work on its advancement and progress .
Islamic education takes care of the child from birth because it sees in him the human instinct that tends to religion and faith, and that his parents are the ones who influence him in action and word (5) , and as said the glorious Hadeeth: (Every newborn is born with a natural instinct, but his parents make him Jew, Christian, or Mjishan) (6). That is why this research came under the title (The Role of the Teacher and Society in Digital Education). It consists of four sections, in the first topic the role of the teacher, and the second topic is the role of society in digital education
As for the third topic, we mentioned a list of the most prominent results in general, and the fourth topic is about the obstacles facing the teacher and the society in digital education

This study dealt with the issue of disposing of damaged endowments, in order to answer the problem of the basic study that revolves around the disposal of damaged endowments in Islamic jurisprudence, and what are the controls set by the jurists for this behavior? The memorandum contained two main requirements: The first requirement: revolves around the definition of the endowment and the evidence for its legitimacy and importance. The second requirement: revolves around the disposal of the damaged endowment, its provisions, and controls. The memorandum concluded by mentioning the most important results reached through the study, and some important recommendations

After the tremendous development that has occurred in the transmission of news and events through television channels, by adopting (IPTV), which works directly on directing the data unit over the Internet instead of transmitting it through analog broadcasting. This development has opened the way for content to be broadcasting and received as soon as the Internet is available, and a device newly innovative, which in turn led to increasing competition in the speed of news broadcasting with lower costs than before. These modern features in satellite channels has imposed on the caller or the gatekeeper additional standards in addition to the traditional media standards. The speed and high ability to transmit visual and audio information added to the responsibilities of the TV star (i.e. newscaster, program presenter, news reporter) new burdens, including ethical ones. Within the ethics of practicing the profession, which consists of deliberating and scrutinizing the news before putting it before the eyes and ears of the recipients, as well as other burdens that pertain to the professionalism of media work. The research problem was rooting to make the developments in the digital field supportive of the speed of performance in media work and the accuracy of the news. The aim of the research is to prove that digital development does not call for a decrease in the level of professional media work, but rather to upgrade it, and to engage in honest competition between satellite channels. The research tagged (IPTV Standards of Professional Practice in the Age of Digitization) was divided into five sections. In the first topic, we dealt with the methodological framework for research, in the second topic, with the basics of IPTV work, and in the third section with the added standards in media work after the development in the means of communication, while in the fourth topic, with the impact of the development of electronic digitization on media work and the outcome of the analysis study. The fifth section presents the results, conclusions and recommendations.

The aim of our research is to shed light on electronic money in Iraq and the extent of its development during the time period during which we conducted our study, which began in 2017. In this year, there was the impact of the salary settlement law which caused an increase in the use of electronic cards for employees in the public and private sectors,. The research tries to give definitions to money: namely, the electronic money which consists of magnetic plastic cards, electronic instruments and others. The research then explains the characteristics of that money and differenciates it from the regular money that is accustomed to be used; such as, paper money and metals. In addition, the research addresses the impact of its use on the banking sector in any countries, as well as explains the advantages of using electronic money with an explanation of its risks that may lead to some reluctance to its use. As for the second topic, we dealt with the reality of electronic money in Iraq, where we worked to clarify the settlement that the Central Bank has carried out with the Iraqi government and the percentages of the achievement manifested until the year 2020 beside the spread of money changers. The mechanism in Iraq and the percentage of money transferred by companies (Zain, Asia Hawala, Nass Iraq) adding the market share of each portfolio, and then we dealt with the obstacles to the development of electronic money in Iraq, leading to conclusions and recommendations.

Internet is one of the most important sources of information, knowledge and culture, through which students, professors, researchers technicians, media, political, economic, and social reformer, artists, and all official and civil institutions interact. It is an important tool for written, visual and audio communications, and the different spectrums of human society have gathered in different locations to issue their ideas and culture, which proves the sincerity of the scientifically known name of the World Wide Web. A contemplator on the nature of the work of the spider realizes that this small insect weaves its fine threads in a geometric shape that extends from the center to the rest of the walls to prey on insects, flies and mosquitoes so that it picks up prey from any location it wants according to the way God- the Almighty- deposit His secret in it and has affairs in His creation .
The nature of the study necessitates that we divided it into three sections preceded by an introduction and followed by conclusions and recommendations. While the second topic dealt with human relationship with the various uses of the Internet. The third and final topic were devoted for talking about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Finally, the dealt with the most prominent results and recommendations.