Kufa Journal of Arts

The Quranic discourse embodied according to linguistic structures consistent with the degree of awareness of the addressees to achieve the divine argument against them, as well as the aesthetic means in that great discourse that includes standard rhetorical and other descriptive aspects that call for deep contemplation and analysis, and all of this is not a paradox of the perceived and unconscious natural and social environment. Hence, this study tended to sensitize that linguistic achievement in the Quranic discourse through its great linguistic units, so the space was more fortunate for the verbal discourse in its forms that include multiple indications, then coordinate the aesthetic structure with its ramifications and less inclusive of the Quranic event, the movements and sounds of the language recipient due to the accuracy of employing those linguistic units in terms and structures, as it is difficult for the learner to separate between these linguistic units due to the unity of their participation in carrying out the Quranic event, and the verbal difference is mentioned in the linguistic structure of the father Lala with correlation with one external ratio according to the requirements of the addressee, in addition to the consistency of the two structures with the pattern of the event. The absolute briefing of the divine authority on the events of the intersection in the addressers\' apparent, hidden, static, and moving addresses has multiple indications due to their unsound ritual practices because they tried to escape from the grip of the divine authority and its constant pressure on them, and thus the Qur’anic text included the accuracy of the choice of voice or syllable as the origin of the voice as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as the origin of the vocabulary as a unit The stock in memory is based on an accomplished transformational structure and then into a hypothetical structure of achievement in simulating the pattern of the accomplished event of divine discourse.

The Arabic calligraphy has become the focus of attention of the scholars and its educational cadres. It is an important focus on many hypotheses. This is undoubtedly, the first interpretation of its emergence and attention by the great prophet Muhammad and his followers from Rashidiya, Umayyad and Abbasid periods to the present day. The courses held by the directorates of education, preparation and training are the result of the ministry\'s keenness to make cadres specialized in the field of art as a whole away from the strict specialties in \"Arabic Language and Art Education\", leading to realistic scientific results at successive periods of training and development, The correct understanding of the impact of training using Arabic calligraphy should be subject to subjectivity in the field. This is an important aspect in the current research problem, which led us to establish the idea of training and to show its effect based on scientific and methodological basis. Calligraphy؟ The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of training using Arabic calligraphy. To achieve the goal, the researcher prepared an achievement test to determine the level of achievement and test the ability to develop and rely on the semi-experimental method, following the design of the two equal groups The study was carried out on a sample of teachers (48) teachers, and their members were assigned to two groups in the random random way using the lot to be the selected group. Wen and other control after you apply the experience of research and data processing statistically the results showed differences in the average collection, as well as the receipt of recommendations and proposals.

Semiotics is a term that appeared recently and has been widely studied, and it is the science that studies signs within social life and the text. The researcher tried during this research to present an analytical and interpretive study with a focus on some semiotic phenomena contained in the images. In the first part of the research, the researcher reached that semiotics was rooted in Arabic literature, but it did not reach theoretical research. In the second part, the researcher saw that the poet had succeeded in presenting the “image of oppression and injustice” that he lived in his society through his artistic paintings.

Qur’anic evidence is a basic tributary on which the writer relies in creating his poetry, prose, or letters. It has been the custom for every author that his words are not devoid of the Book of God Almighty. Because the Quranic witness strengthens the argument and increases the beauty of the meaning, as well as the power of suggestion and influence on the recipient\'s soul. Because of its influential potentials, and the Noble Qur’an is the basic source.

Guidance and education, which are closely linked, could be counted among the most important characteristics of the Qur’an. Based on this fact, many scholars, researchers and commentators tried to uncover the Quranic educational approach and thus many educational commentaries have been arisen. Tafsīr al-Mīnār is considered one of the interpretations that were formed on this basis. Its authors pay great attention to the educational aspects of the Holy Qur’an. The heart is one of the most important and gentle parts of human, and its relation with other parts is like the relation of the ruler to other people as its correction and corruption leads to the correction or corruption of other organs of the human body. This research has analytically studied Tafsīr al-Mīnār’s educational approach to the heart by analyzing it and has identified and introduced its method in educating the heart to acquire some virtues and avoid some vices; Based on this, it was found that many factors affect the educating and training the heart, including knowledge, repentance, taking refuge in the Qur\'an and avoiding the temptations of Satan.

Among the Imam features in the imamate viewpoints, innocence has special and important place which attracted the attention of the speakers. Ibn Teimia has mentioned to some doubts about innocence of Imams especially to the innocence of Imam Ali. These doubts include two parts: narrated doubts and unnarrated ones. The unnarrated doubts which were surveyed in this article are including the doubts about Imam Ali′ innocence which was due that God did not approve him, the corruption did not decrease in his ruling time, his innocence was not approved by companions and followers and imam′ innocence was arranged by Abdullah Ibn Sabaa. After surveying these doubts, we concluded that we should not only count on surface events and results to understand God′ approval of Imam Ali and know that there were other reasons which did not let him to reach the proper power. Imam Ali, in his ruling time, was spending his time to stand against the deviations created since the past. However there are many Hadiths which mention to Imam Ali ′ innocence and were narrated by companions and followers like Thaghlin and Safine Hadiths. While there are not any authorized and clear documents about the influences made by Abdullah Ibn Sabaa in Islamic society. This research surveyed the doubts under the historical and speech- oriented views.

Reform is a project goal that every individual seeks to achieve, and every institution and society seeks to reach it, as this research aims to demonstrate the importance of the principles of total quality management in administrative reform - from the point of view of Iraqi academics. The study sample is from academics in Iraq. Where the questionnaire was distributed randomly, and after giving them enough time to fill out the questionnaire, a total of (253) questionnaires were retrieved. After examining the questionnaires, (3) questionnaires were excluded, due to the failure to fulfill the conditions required to answer them, and (250) questionnaires remained valid for analysis, and they are considered very good from the researchers\' point of view indicating the cooperation of the respondents and their interest in the subject of the study

The modern research deals with vowels, showing their weakness and that there is a lot of change and deletion in them other than the correct letter, but in places of prose and poetry they have been treated as the correct letter and took its rule, as in the other present tense verb and derivative nouns, and it showed that the defective letter that is treated as the correct letter falls in The end of the word, and it may be in the middle, and I was keen in the research to clarify and limit those places, and that was in the first topic As for the second topic, it was about the position of the grammarians towards making the defective letter the correct path. The reason is on his condition and he does not follow the correct course, and some grammarians, such as Ibn Malik and Ibn Hisham , believe that this is from the procedure of the sick person , the correct course .

This research reads examples of eloquent poetry that was said to advocate for the popular crowd, to poets from Iraq, and it was compiled in two volumes entitled (The Poetic Hashd), which was printed by the specialized library in Najaf, and the researcher will read this speech and know its references, topics, methods and images. And his analysis is within the concepts of (new rhetoric and revolutionary rhetoric) that deal with revolutionary discourses based on the statement and pilgrims and their role in influence and persuasion.

Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan aspired from the first day that he set foot in the land of the Levant until he ascends and occupied the highest positions to reach the made him exploits all his moral and material capabilities in order to achieve what he had planned and he had the ends justify the means so he was prepared for any price he would pay even if he encroaches himself or sacrifices something dear to him . This research represents a serious attempt to follow those steps that Muawiyah took in order to contain his opponents and whoever believed that they would help him in his state’s project and realize his dream of establishing his empire . the research was distributed among five topics. In the first topic we talked about Muawiya’s soft treatment of the parish courtship with them , and we discussed in the second topic Muawiyah’s attempt to gain amiability and contain the rulers and the effect of this on enabling him to build his state and empower his authority, and the third topic touched with the disbursement of Muawiyah’s funds to contain the other and earn his friendliness , and the fourth topic dealt with manipulating the amount of giving and its effect on containment and earning friendliness , and devoted the fifth topic attempts to contain the arrivals to Muawiyah and honor them . The research depended on drawing the image for which it was intended , based on a set of sources and references contained in the final list.

was not Taha Hussein\\\\'s study by Ahmad Shawqi, an independent study, but rather it was contested articles in two books (Hafez and Shawqi) and (Taqlid and Tajdeed . ( Taha Hussein concluded that Shawqi\\\\'s knowledge was not as advanced as his level of his poems. He deduced that during his analysis of Shawqi\\\\'s poem in( Aristo Talees) .Therefore, he didnt grant the artistic side it\\\\'s worth. In addition, (Taha Hussein) in between (Hafez Ibrahim) and (Ahmed Shawqi) showed strong tendency to Hafez. This may be due to the similarities in uprbringinf of both of them. In all of the above, we realise there is harsh criticism towards Ahmed starting with the title (Shawqi, The Conclusion of The Poets of Tradition.

The issue of drug abuse by juveniles at the present time is an important and fundamental topic for many social and psychological thinkers , That is, it explains the causes, results and effects that are generated through the process of addiction and habituation, which is part of the process of community members ’abuse of narcotic substances, given the disastrous consequences that happen to any society in which the rates of addiction increase, including the destruction of individuals’ personalities and their health and their impact on the general order in Iraqi society. As in other societies, This phenomenon worsened after the events of the fall in 2003 due to the smashing of the specific legal rules restricting this phenomenon before this date, Through his research, the researcher tries to reach some important findings and recommendations through which the subject is addressed according to a well-thought-out scientific framework aimed at reducing the number of juveniles addicted to drugs and then persuading them to abandon this bad habit by following various health, psychological and social means, which aims to Achieve it at the end of the search

Epidemics and diseases left their impact in Arab and Islamic works and became as a part of the translations of authors, poets and writers because of their widespread and frequent spread in the Arab and Islamic region. And there is no book that has no reference to diseases since they are the reason of the death of thier author. The outbreak of diseases had an impact on the authors’ rush to write books related to epidemics, diseases, especially plague to describe it, explain its symptoms, how to prevent it, and take arrangements to prevent its infection, since the early Islamic ages. It has been noted that there were periods that witnessed an abundance of authorship in diseases and epidemics. Ibn al-Wardi (d. 749 AH) wrote a treatise on the plague that spread all over the world in the eighth century AH and many people died because of it. The author was one of his victims after he wrote the thesisr under study, which was divided into paragraphs, each of which specialized in a specific aspect: 1.The interest of Arab Muslims in writing about epidemics and diseases and guarding against them.2.Ibn al-Wardi is a witness of the general plague in the eighth century.3.The geographical dimension of the spread of the disease.4.The means of dealing with the pandemic in the eighth century.5.The social and economic effects of the pandemic on Islamic societies.The study followed the historical retrospective approach based on the study of the phenomenon and the explanation of its causes, analysis and scientific interpretation in the light of the place and time in which it occurred.

Work is looking for time in the narrative (migration season to the north) through the relationship between the time of the story and the time of speech, and attempts to benefit from the study that Gyrard Jennet presented through three relationships: (ar Arrangement, permanence and frequency)

Among the attempts that criticized Aristotelian logic was the attempt of the sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi, and his criticism came distributed among a number of his books, the most important of which are Ibn Khaldun’s Logic, The Farce of the Human Mind, Parapsychology, and his PhD thesis “A Sociological Analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Theory in the Sociology of Knowledge” Which was translated recently. His critical opinions were rooted in sophistication and recent scientific research that emphasized the relativity of truth and the utilitarian aspect of the goals of the mind on the ground. In this way, it reflects the inductive approach that touches reality, in its various and harmonious aspects at the same time. Among his epistemological references is the dialectical and dialectical method of Hegelian in his view of the truth, and that contradiction is an inherent characteristic of the nature of things. All these references are touched by Al-Wardi and cast in a social framework or modern sociology methodology, by virtue of his specialization within this resource.

Ancient Nineveh City was one of the centers of the old human civilizations in the ancient near east , It was the third capital city of the Assyrians after Assur and Calih , it was a very famous city in the ancient world as it was the capital of the most strong empire in the ancient near east , The ruins of the ancient Nineveh is located in the east bank of the Tigress river in front of the old Mosul city , Nineveh location is important because it was the Middle of the Assyrian big cities , Nineveh name was mentioned in the uniform tablets of the third Ur dynasty , The Historians and travellers who visited the east in the 12th century mentioned Nineveh in their writings . The Archaeological excavations in the Nineveh proved that the history of Nineveh belongs to the prehistoric ages .

Dramatic art is one of the oldest arts known to man as the phenomenon of drama as a poetic practice is not new in the Arabic poem . it bore some of the features of this phenomenon and drame is a conflict contradiction movement and tension as it is a true expression of the contradictions of life .The hidden appears from the situations and the objectification of events as well as the tension and emotion that accompanies the poem masks with the tension caused by the dramatic structure as well as the poetic language that .The reveal and make the conflict open in multiple directions

This research seeks to read the rhythmic structure in an Iraqi poetic experience in one group of poetry (praying minarets) of the poet (Rahman Ghargan), has been distributed on six axes are five rhythmic structures as I mean the first axis of the term, and its concept I mean (rhythm, and Poetic rhythm) to clarify the term rhythm, which sticks to the definition of the many definitions of the ancients and contemporaries of it even when the rhythm became an independent science from science in our contemporary cultural life. The poetic rhythm is a type in the rhythm The research follows his models in the poetic text that reads this research a group of which is (praying minarets) in this axis to distinguish poetic rhythm in particular from the rhythm in general, and then concludes to the other five axes, namely: rhythm weight where The research works to clarify it as a term and then the rhythmic data in the texts of the poetry group over the course of this reading, and the rhythm of rhyming, then the rhythm of repetition, then the rhythm of addressing and then the rhythm of style. It then concludes with results of rhythmic structures in the aforementioned poetic group.

All the Quranic formulation elements , the onomatopoeic element is included , are put intentionally, it carries various references especially in the Shortest Sorahs in accordance with threatening the disbelievers, so, it is very necessary to take some samples to clarify this idea . That is why Al- Kafiroon and Al- Masad have been chosen for they carry onomatopoeic echo that differs between each other. Thus, the aim of this research is to Show the onomatopic reference of these two Surahs and clarifying the intention behind this sounds clustering which is done to make the sound reaches the sound reaches the furthest point, and the explosive sound of (b) and the consonant (the explosive pause)in Al-Mesad with what it embodies the sense of snubs and threat asing the (analytic descriptive method) as a guide .

The rapid urbanization process has led to an increase in the poor, marginal slum areas located at the entrances and outskirts of Al-Qasim city, as these areas have taken a random expansion through buildings and unplanned slums that were built illegally, which results in a disruption in the nature of the urban system and causes social, economic and security problems. The research came to shed light on the reality of the geographical distribution of random housing areas in the city of Al-Qasim and the study of the demographic characteristics of the heads of families in those areas, represented by (special composition, age, place of birth, family size, and educational level) and the economic characteristics that include a study (work status, employment status and monthly income) ) By distributing the questionnaire form, which was divided according to the number of families in each sector of the city, and an estimated sample size of (4%) was adopted to cover the study population. There are (34) random housing sites in the city of Al-Qasim, which vary in their geographical distribution, as some sectors of the city are devoid of this phenomenon. The demographic characteristics of heads of families in slum areas vary according to the municipal sectors of the study area. To address this phenomenon, which has been expanding recently, the research suggests developing rural areas to stop the expansion of slums by limiting the migration of its residents to Al-Qasim city or other cities, and providing alternatives to housing for low-income people to prevent housing in slums. Choosing an alternative location for informal housing where basic services are available. Or providing the necessary services in the current slum areas in the city, and the need to activate the role of oversight by the concerned authorities in applying the granting of building permits to limit the continued growth of slums.

Organized crime is one of the most important issues of concern to the international community, especially with the continuous increase in crime and criminals. Cross-border organized crime is considered one of the serious crimes that may threaten the existence of the state and its children because of its serious consequences that affect the security and safety of individuals and their property in a way that threatens societal security and contributes to the decline of the sustainable development index. To be punished according to the law. Even countries cannot fight organized crime in isolation from other countries. This is due to the impact of international changes, especially globalization, on the one hand. And from the scientific and technological development and progress in the information and communication systems that improved the ways and way of life of the human being for the better on the other hand, all of this was accompanied by a development in crime that includes the emergence of new forms of crime, in many ways and with characteristics that distinguish it from other traditional crimes.

Critical pragmatics is a sub field of sociopragmatics that works in the fashion of critical discourse analysis. According to the perspective view, macro pragmatics is divided into three groups, the cognitively oriented, the socially and/or culturally oriented and the third group is for issues that cannot be fit within either of the other two groups. Here, the socially oriented group is concerned with social issues such power, language, and ideology considering that power and ideology as socially oriented issues. Within this framework critical pragmatics has come to existence. The present paper presents a theoretical survey about critical pragmatics, its origins and main approaches. More specifically, the aim of the paper is to provide an answer to the following questions: What is critical pragmatics? and what are its origins and main approaches? Subsequently, to achieve the aim of study, a theoretical survey about critical pragmatics and its origins is conducted, in addition to the main approaches in the field. Moreover, the study has dealt with the work on critical pragmatics by Korta and Perry (2011) and showed that this work has nothing to do critical pragmatics meant to deal with social practices but the name. The paper has concluded that the seeds of critical pragmatics are originated in Mey’s (1979) and the main approaches to the field are Habermass (1979) and Mey (2011).

The general objective of this study is to identify leadership integrity and its role in promoting organizational embeddedness in the organization. The study is based on the inferential descriptive approach through obtaining a sample from the employees’ opinions of the National Real Estate Department in Najaf Governorate. The topic of leadership integrity is one of the advanced topics as an independent explanatory variable, and organizational embeddedness as a dependent variable. The analysis was carried out by adopting a set of statistical tools, which are Smart PLS and SPSS. The current research has included some conclusions: the most important of which is leadership integrity is based on the morals of virtue where the leadership integrity is distinguishing between right and wrong in one’s leadership role and taking steps to ensure justice and honesty. Furthermore, leadership integrity encourages empowering others and enabling them to pursue their noble goals for themselves and their organizations, which foster organizational embeddedness for employees in the organization. The research presented a set of recommendations based on the concluded results, including stressing the need to develop and benefit from the use of leadership integrity method to promote positive behaviors among employees and achieve an environment characterized by positive responses and an appropriate working climate.

The need of the other is one of the prevailing themes in the works of Marguerite Duras. This very theme is reflected in her novel The Square which is mainly about two characters who sit next to each other on a bench of a Square. The need of the other is represented by the man and the girl in different ways such as the need of love and dialogues, the fear of silence and loneliness and the need of having changes in life to replace the need for the other. Each of these characters suffers because of being alone and having no one around. The main aim of this paper is to analyse how the need of the other results in different attitudes and feelings such as the fear of loneliness and silence, the desire for conversing with others, the drive of death and killing, the need for having a stable life and above all having someone to love. Both characters suffer due to being alone and marginalized by the others but unlike the man, who accepts this fixed reality and does not seek to change it, the girl has the hope of changing her life by finding a man who is ready to love her and change her most hated status of an object to a full human being but at the risk of losing her identity and being completely submissive and dependent on the presence of a man. Dying and living is the same for the man as he works only to feed himself and survive while the girl, although she suffers a lot due to serving an old woman, is not ready to die or kill the old woman to make her life better because she needs a man to rescue her. The need of the other culminates in creating the fear of falling into silence again even while both characters are talking because they know very well that the conversation in fleeting and will not last.

The harvest working is defined by people before the beginning of agriculture, because they had harvested wild plants in the stone age that preceded the knowing. The harvesting is the last cultivation step work by the people in the field. In this research the researcher want to highlight the early