Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Superporous hydrogel composite is widely utilized and investigated as a gastro retentive drug delivery system. Materials used in Superporous hydrogel formulation have a profound effect on its properties’, N-methylene bisacrylamide is the crosslinker of choice for the preparation of SPH.

The purpose of this study is to determine if using a new high molecular weight crosslinker such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate will affect the physical characteristics of SPH and drug release behavior. For the preparation of super porous hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol, acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700, N, N-Methylene bisacrylamide, sodium bicarbonate, and tween 20 were used. Trifluoperazine HCl was used as a model drug. The buoyancy, porosity, density, drug release, drug content, swelling ratio, and swelling time were studied and compared. All the physical characteristics and medication release profiles were impacted by changing the formulation parameters. The formula with the best physical qualities had 300 µl of acrylamide (40 percent w/v), 20 mg of polyvinyl alcohol, 200 µl of Tween 20 (v/v), 5 µl of polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700, 45 µl ammonium persulfate, 45 µl TEMED and 50 mg of sodium bicarbonate. Around 80% of the drug was released over the course of 12 hours according to zero order kinetics. By modifying the formulation parameters using polyethylene glycol diacrylate, Superporous hydrogel was successfully manufactured and has the best properties to be employed as a gastro retentive drug delivery system.

Solid dispersion using hydrophilic carrier is one of the approaches that has a potential to increase solubility, dissolution rate and consequently the oral bioavailability of poorly-water soluble drugs. In this study, class II drug "Carvedilol" (CVD) was used because of its poor solubility, it serves as a model drug that contributes to irregular dissolution and limited bioavailability. CVD: PVP K30 solid dispersion formulations SD1, SD2 and SD3 were prepared by kneading method at different weight ratios ,1:1; 1:2 and 1:4 respectively and evaluated for drug content, solubility and dissolution rate. Kneading method enhances the stability of drugs and suitable for processing thermolabile substances. The optimum solid dispersion ratio was characterized also for drug-carrier interaction by FTIR spectroscopy, and crystallinity by SEM and PXRD and compared with physical mixture and pure drug powder.

The results showed that the solubility of carvedilol increased by increasing the proportion of PVP K30 used in the dispersion of the drug. On the other hand, dissolution study revealed a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate of the drug using solid dispersion compared to pure drug and physical mixture. X-ray diffraction of the solid dispersion suggest that the drug's transformation from crystalline to amorphous form may be responsible for the observed improvement in dissolving rate. The carvedilol solid dispersion improved the solubility and dissolution, which depend on the carrier concentration ratio. The dissolution of drugs increased with an increase in carrier content. The studies of PXRD, SEM, and FTIR revealed the amorphous nature of the drug in solid dispersion. The solid dispersion by kneading approach using PVP K30 as a carrier is a potential method for improving CVD's solubility and dissolution rate.

This study aimed to make an o/w
nanoemulsion of isoconazole the drug
nitrate (ISN) for topical use. Low
aqueous solubility is a characteristic
feature of the imidazole antifungal ISN.
Therefore, ISN nanoemulsion would increase dispersibility and decreases skin resistance by
enhancing the drug penetration to the first layers of skin (stratum corneum). The work
included constructing the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams by using the aqueous titration
method. The prepared o/w nanoemulsions were composed of oil, Smix (a mixture of
surfactant and co-surfactant) and deionized water (DW). ISN nanoemulsions were subjected
to characterization studies to choose the best formula. According to the characterization
studies, the optimal formula, designated NE14 contains 1% ISN, 66% Smix ((1:3) tween60:
propylene glycol:ethanol), 7% oleic acid, and 27% deionized water was reached. Formula
NE14 is characterized by having a polydispersity index of (0.146), pH (5.76), droplet size
(84.6 nm), percent transmittance (98.8%), viscosity (80m Pa.s) and a high release of
isoconazole propably due low viscosity. The droplet size of NE14 (84.6nm) was also
confirmed by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) research. The improved formula (ISN
NE14) was found to be a promising nanoemulsion formula for enhancing the topical
bioavailability of ISN and thus could increase its efficacy for the treatment of topical fungal
infections.

The nutritional value of the roots of Iraqi Beta vulgaris plant that have been prepared using several conventional techniques will be evaluated in the current research. One of the best and most important nutritional sources of iron, nitrate of nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, ascorbic acid, and folic acid is the juice of beta vulgaris roots.

Spectrophotometric techniques like UV-Visible, HPLC, and AAS have been used to estimate the levels of some organic and inorganic nutritional constituents and determine the level of the nitrate ion using an ion selective electrode technique in the prepared beta vulgaris root juice. The concentration of these organic and inorganic components varies depending on how the Beta vulgaris juice is prepared. The roots of Beta vulgaris have been processed in four different ways.

Ascorbic acid content is greatest in the prepared sample with sodium chloride (4.124 mg in 200 mL), while the sample treated with acetic acid has a high concentration of Betalains (10.96 mg in 200 mL) and folic acid (5.736 mg in 200 mL).

The potassium (552 mg in 200 mL) and magnesium (54 mg in 200 mL) concentrations in juice from the acetic acid-treated sample were relatively higher than those obtained from other methods, whereas the prepared sample with NaCl has a high concentration of NO3- (616 mg in 200 mL) and the prepared sample with cool water has a high concentration of iron (0.75 mg in 200 mL).

Ancient peoples were using lipstick which was made by natural sources to protect and to increase the beauty of lips. Herbal lipstick ingredients provide pigments, antioxidants, waxes, oils, fragrance and preservatives. Saffron used to look younger and brighter and also used to treat acne, wounds and skin diseases.

The herbal lipstick was formulated by using white bees wax, soft paraffin, coconut oil, almond oil, vanilla essence, orange juice, lemon juice and natural colorant saffron. Formulated lipstick was subjected to evaluation by different parameters like breaking point, softening point, melting point, surface anomalies, aging stability, perfume stability, solubility test and pH. Our formulated showed ideal properties of lipstick like spreading, shining and smoothness of lips after application. It was concluded that this herbal lipstick has better option to women with minimal side effects and further detailed studies are required to assess for better efficacy.

New series of 4-aminophenyl quinazolinone attached to an aromatic aldehyde moiety has been designed. Compound (ZA) was synthesized by a reaction of benzene-1,4-diamine with 2-aminobenzoic acid.

The reaction between (ZA) intermediate and different substituted aromatic aldehydes (R1- R6) is considered one of the most common chemical reactions for the synthesis of imine compounds (Schiff bases) to produce compound (ZA1-ZA6). FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR have been used to confirm the chemical structures of various substances. MTT assay was used to assess in vitro anti-proliferative action for estrogen receptor alpha. The anti-proliferative study discovered a dose-dependent effect on cell proliferation in breast cancer (MCF-7) with inhibitory concentration In comparison to the reference medication tamoxifen (IC50 of 133.4µg\mL), IC50 of the compounds (ZA1, ZA2, ZA3) was 0.07964, 57.43 & 0.002717 µg\mL, respectively at 72 hours on same cell line mentioned above, that also signifies that compound ZA1 has a significantly greater effect on this cell line type

In ordinary clinical practice, poor patient compliance with oral and parenteral drug administration modalities is a prevalent problem. As a result, pharmaceutical research has developed a strong interest in the transdermal route of drug delivery.

They are non-invasive that can improve patient compliance, however, The barrier function of the skin's top layer presents the biggest challenge for transdermal delivery systems. Transfersomes are vesicles composed of phospholipids and edge activators, used to transport drug from outer skin layer into the systematic circulation through semipermeable membrane. Ondansetron is an anti-emetic medication that has been given parenterally and orally. Formulating this medication as transdermal transfersomes may provoke a great advantage in medical adherence.

Conclusion; Ondansetron has been successfully delivered transdermally by Using a transfersomal gel formulation by vortexing sonication method.

Autoimmune thyroiditis also named Hashimoto's thyroiditis: is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by circulating antibodies to thyroid antigens, and enlargement of the gland with lymphocytic infiltration.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a particular subset of CD4+ T cells that express CD25 at a markedly increased level. they can regulate immune response in order to preserve homeostasis and self-tolerance. T cell expansion and cytokine production are restricted by Tregs. The development of this autoimmune disease is influenced by TGF-ß1 shortage. Management of HT is usually a symptomatic therapy that concentrates on HT's symptoms rather than its underlying cause. Statins, the lipid lowering medications have pleotropic effects. they can alter immunological reactions. Twenty-four female rats were used for this experiment divided into four groups (n=6), the disease was induced in all groups except group1 (control) where rats only received phosphate buffer saline, group 2 (induction group), group 3 received Prednisolone 2mg\kg orally for 30 days and group 4 received Simvastatin (4mg\kg) orally for 30 days too. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was induced experimentally by subcutaneous injection of porcine thyroglobulin in Freund’s adjuvant emulsion (4mg/ml). Results showed an increase in Tregs and serum TGF-ß level in rats treated with simvastatin.

In conclusion, simvastatin improves the number of functioning Tregs and increases TGF-ß signaling to suppress the autoimmune reaction. Therefore, simvastatin can be a promising approach in the treatment of this disease.

Celiac disease an autoimmune disease; it occurs in Europe at 1%, and in the world people (0.3–1.3%). It causes histopathological changes in the mucosa of the intestine (villi atrophy). The findings showed that it occurs due to the reduction of the absorbed nutrients.

Helicobacter pylori are colonized in human gastric mucosa, which mainly causes stomach injury. The rate of H. pylori is as high as almost 50%, and it also occurs in childhood. Vitamin/mineral deficiencies, weight loss, and Malabsorption characterize classical celiac disease. The study aimed to detect the effect of H. pylori in celiac patients and determine vitamin B12, D3, and Ferritin in celiac patients infected with H. pylori. The study includes 41 celiac patients with H. pylori and 31 celiac cases without H. pylori of both genders and 52 apparently healthy individuals of comparable age and gender to save as a control group. The vitamin D3, B12, and ferritin levels were measured for each participant. The study found a positive correlation between celiac and H. pylori, with decreased ferritin levels in patients with celiac disease. Also, the patient group showed a significant decrease in Vitamin D3. Also, the B12 level in the patient group decreased. There was no significant gender-related variation between males and females regarding the patient and control groups' Ferritin, vitamin D3, and Vitamin B12 levels. There was no significant age-related variation between individuals under 35 years of age and those over 35 years of age regarding the ferritin and vitamin B12 levels in the patient and control groups. However, vitamin D3 level was lower in patients less than 35 years of age than in cases with more than 35 years of age. Minerals and vitamin deficiencies are observed in untreated CD cases irrespective of age and gender and irrespective of H. pylori. All CD patients had one or more nutritional deficiencies. Serum nutritional parameters like iron, Vitamin B12, and D3 should be included in the clinical workup of CD patients in addition to the serological markers. It was found that H.pylori does affect the levels of ferritin ,vitamin B12 and vitamin D3 in celiac patients .This study confirmed that there is a positive correlation between H. pylori and celiac disease. In addition, H. pylori infection may aggravate some symptoms of CD.

Currently, nanoparticles technology is well known and it used to augment the rate of drug dissolution and considerably increased bioavailability. Nanoparticles have been combined with hydrogel to form nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid system as a substitute to conventional dosage forms.

The goal of this study is to prepare an effective hydrogel form containing prednisolone nanoparticles as a hybrid biomaterial system for transdermal application. Six hydrogel formulations containing prednisolone nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, physical appearance, pH, drug content, spreadability test, viscosity, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo diffusion. The results showed that the all preparations in the nanometer size and the drug content of prednisolone in hydrogel was ranged from 96.24% to 99.15% and there was a significant enhancement (p<0.05) in drug release and permeation from the prepared nanoparticles -hydrogel formulas when compared with plain hydrogel of prednisolone. From this study, it can be concluded that nanoparticle-hydrogel system could be a possible drug delivery technology for transdermal application of prednisolone drug.