Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

Education and its importance are no longer a controversial issue in any part of the world. The progress and advancement of many countries in the world was through education alone. It has become beyond doubt that any real beginning of progress is through education alone. This requires other countries that aspire to achieve a better future for themselves and their generations to put education at the top of their programs and policies.

In order to build a society based on learning and an economy based on knowledge, it is necessary to develop the education sector at its various stages, starting from kindergarten to higher education, to respond to the social, economic and cultural needs of societies, and Iraq is one of them.

Therefore, a comprehensive review of the educational learning system in Iraq is necessary in order to reform it and raise its capabilities in line with the tremendous progress in the field of science, knowledge and information technology, and to set timetables and specific goals to bridge the knowledge gap between it and the requirements of comprehensive development. Therefore, providing equal opportunities for all the population of school age to join and continue education, and improving the quality of the effectiveness of the educational service by providing a contemporary curriculum and efficiently employed technology and an effective and influential teacher in achieving comprehensive growth in the personality of learners, and supporting the institutional structure, especially in vocational schools, all of which are in line with international standards, will achieve a great and tremendous leap in the size of its impact on economic and social life and on the human lifestyle in general. ([i])

The current study attempts to present a future vision for the importance of preparing teachers in Iraq in light of the philosophy of the knowledge economy, in the belief in the importance of the teacher and his multiple roles imposed by the challenges of the era. The teacher is a cloak from under which generations graduate, and therefore the size of his influence in achieving the goals of society is very large, which requires a serious stance regarding the preparation of comprehensive national plans for education and the preparation and training of teachers and the development of their capabilities In its various aspects.

The current study comes in an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion: The first chapter is the study methodology and includes the study problem, its importance, its objective and the definition of terms. The second chapter is a theoretical framework on the theoretical foundations towards the knowledge economy and an introduction to it. The third chapter is the future vision towards the process of preparing teachers according to the philosophy of the knowledge economy, while the conclusion includes the conclusions and recommendations.

It seems that fate wanted the first country in which the idea of ​​democracy and the exchange of opinions in Sumer 4500 years ago to re-establish a new Iraqi culture based on democracy and to have a civil society that is intended to be self-absorbed and to work according to what the government wants. This is what we noticed in the decision issued by the Iraqi government and numbered 8750 dated 8/8/2005. Although the decision of the Iraqi government seems to have been correct after the spread of administrative corruption in some institutions of society, especially the institutions linked to the Iraqi government, which represent most segments of Iraqi employees (1), and therefore we need change because change is the law of life. If the forces of civil society want change and thinking about the future and want a clear picture drawn accurately, no political artist can touch or attack the scene and idea of ​​civil society institutions. Therefore, we are trying through the research papers to shed light on the role of civil society institutions in building society.

Development thought has witnessed important developments on the path to returning the human being to his rightful place in the focus of efforts that seek to identify the dimensions of the development process and advance the means of achieving it. The concept of development has expanded to move from merely focusing on economic growth to being part of the sustainable development process. Human development has become a process that leads to expanding the options before people. It places people at the heart of the development process by making them its goal and subject. The research problem was represented by the spatial disparity of some human development indicators in Iraq for the year 2008, which assumes that this spatial disparity at the level of the governorates, which numbered 18 governorates, was due to developmental, human and economic data for each district.

The research problem was represented in the failure to find an integrated program or a clear strategy for developing the culture of university youth in Arab countries. All that was reviewed was a set of literature that may be accompanied by scattered practical procedures and measures, and a set of plans for preventing the effects of globalization in general directed at youth and other age groups. These are plans whose importance and to some extent their effectiveness cannot be underestimated, and they can constitute in themselves important elements despite not necessarily focusing on the psychological aspects of the personality of the targeted individuals, basic elements for preparing an Arab program for human development, on the basis that this program should constitute the focus of every possible prevention from the effects of globalization and its repercussions.

Young represents the nation's wealth and treasure the precious is the vanguard of the desired change, and that this wealth task either to invest properly towards the development, construction, or wasted through bad investment, leading them to the loss or corruption, from here I realized people, past and present importance of this wealth, but remained powerless in the way towards employment and rationalizing investment.

Young people today are many challenges, including: cultural, social, political, intellectual, economic, scientific, before the spread of the culture of luxury consumption and adoration appearances ..., through bridges and channels open and limitations in the face of this challenge after becoming moving towards the exclusion of the general human values, and the sovereignty of all forms of cultural homogenization in the outer spaces in colleges and schools, which gave weak grasp, feed directly into every home and room and office, and in every time and place, as well as shortcomings of the educational process and the shallowness of the awareness of inhabitants and human life in general and the wide scope of leisure time in particular.

The research aims to identify:

Management of leisure among young people in voluntary work (to assist displaced people from the city of Mosul).
Poll sample members about the importance of participating in volunteer work
stand on the most important reasons that impede participation in volunteer work.
What is the role the media of the importance of volunteer work and the extent of society's need him?

The city is a human phenomenon created by human ideas and technologies over successive time periods in the form of an urban fabric inhabited by a civilized society that practices its activities on specific areas of its land, which ultimately leads to the creation of a focal point for urban functional activities whose activities are determined on areas of land called land uses. On this basis, the city can be defined as a functional and urban entity that has drawn up a specific plan on its site that has attracted a society with an urban character that works in industrial, commercial and service activities with its expressive institutions, and lives in architectural units whose designs, spaces and building materials are in harmony with the civilizational stage in which it lives. Since the contemporary city is not the city before the industrial revolution, the development of construction technology, means of transportation, the street network on which it runs, and planning developments have transformed it into a planning-urban structure that is constantly changing according to the demographic, economic, planning, and urban changes that have given it its distinctive morphological character that forms its urban fabric on the Master plan of the City, the Street Network, the land uses that are organized on both sides of it, and the urban units that express it. The researcher has chosen to delve into the subject of urban development, due to its exceptional importance to our cities that have been subjected to a kind of neglect, according to the circumstances that Iraq has been exposed to.

The research dealt with preparing maps of manufacturing industries using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The importance of the subject comes from the great importance of industry and its major role in the development of countries' economies, and the great development that industry is currently witnessing. It also attempts to identify the possibility of benefiting from geographic information systems in drawing industrial sites and representing spatial relationships between them on maps that facilitate the process of making comparisons between those sites and identifying the problems they face. The study then concluded with conclusions and recommendations.

The education sector is the first and basic pillar in the progress and development of societies and is one of the most important basic needs of man, as education transfers society from backward and illiterate to a developed society capable of keeping pace with scientific, technological and cultural progress.

Here comes the role of higher education and its institutions to achieve what the planners aspire to, and the university educational institutions in Baghdad are represented by a group of major Iraqi universities, because Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and the center of its intellectual and cultural influence, as well as representing the largest weight of the population, and includes five universities: the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriya University, the University of Technology, Al-Nahrain University and the University of Iraq, in addition to the Technical Education Authority, which includes a group of colleges and institutes.

The spatial distribution of these universities and their colleges in the city of Baghdad has been enhanced by geographical maps and the descriptive aspect. The analytical aspect was also used to identify the efficiency of this spatial distribution, through the use of geographic information systems techniques in this field due to its capabilities in analyzing the spatial distribution of the geographical phenomenon. The analysis method (standard distance) for educational institutions was used, as well as the analysis method (neighborhood relationship technique or the proximity of the neighbor) was used. It became clear through these two methods, which are among the most important methods of geographic analysis, that the spatial distribution of most colleges is flawed, as a result of the spatial concentration in the city center, which in turn causes many problems within the city.

In light of the current economic and service conditions in Iraq, studying the development reality with its trends and determining its needs has become an indispensable necessity, and the responsibility placed on the shoulders of geography has become great, due to the geographer's superior capabilities in analysis, induction and future prediction. In light of the above, this research was written, whose spatial dimensions were determined in Dhi Qar Governorate, one of the governorates of southern Iraq, so that the results of this study can be generalized to other governorates due to the great similarity between the governorates of Iraq in terms of infrastructure and available economic capabilities.

There are many development indicators, some of which are related to humans, so human development has emerged, and some of which are related to sustainability, so sustainable development has emerged. Therefore, it is difficult to grasp all development indicators and their various dimensions, so we relied on key indicators, including population reality, housing, sewage networks, poverty, and unemployment. The findings of the study were compared to global and local standards. The method used in the study is the descriptive analytical statistical method.

During the study, a number of results were reached, the most prominent of which is that there is a significant increase in the population size of the governorate, which creates a great burden on development facilities, as the population size took an upward trend, as the population doubled to more than seven times during the period 1947-2010. After the population of the governorate was 251,403 people in 1947, it rose to reach 1,804,155 people in 2010. As for the housing situation, there is a housing deficit of 112,891.4 housing units, which is the governorate's need for housing in 2020. There is also a deterioration in sewage networks and an increase in unemployment rates, which reached 27.8.

This research aims to identify the nature of the relationship between the knowledge cultivation strategy and its dimensions, and its reflections on the aspects of the educational process, and thus achieve the educational quality standards and the requirements of the desired University of the Future, according to a strategic methodology used as a roadmap that clarifies the path and steps necessary to achieve this goal. This research was applied to a random sample of university professors, and in order to achieve its goals, the research presented a proposed model that represents a methodological roadmap, and tested its validity using structural modeling (SEM) (Structural Equation Model), then tested the relationships between the variables using the (SPSS) program. In light of the results, the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: adopting the knowledge cultivation strategy in its two types (implicit and explicit) and transforming and sharing it among faculty members, reflects positively on the preparation and implementation of their study plans, and contributes effectively to achieving educational quality standards. In light of this, some recommendations were put forward, the most important of which is the necessity of putting this strategy into actual application to benefit from it in improving educational quality.

The early stages of the industrial development experiment in Iraq witnessed a spatial bias for industrial investments within the centers of large cities, including the capital Baghdad and the city of Mosul, as they enjoy significant positive economic advantages that helped them continue to attract industrial investments at the expense of weak opportunities for attracting other industrially backward or less developed governorates, despite some of them having latent development resources in terms of quantity and quality in the field of industrial investment, especially Anbar Governorate, including mineral wealth and human resources. However, weak industrial planning has negatively affected the weak investment climate, and thus the development gap remains large in favor of the main large cities. The industrialization experiment in Iraq has gone through many time stages that were greatly affected by the political, economic and security conditions witnessed by the country. Therefore, this study came to reveal the most prominent characteristics of the industrial development experiment in Iraq, as the research problem here was defined by the fact that the industrialization experiment in Iraq, although it achieved qualitative and quantitative development during the period from the sixties to the mid-eighties of the last century, it has faced the exact opposite since the nineties of the last century and up until now without the existence of real development treatments or strategies. The research hypothesis also started from the fact that industrial development or decline has been greatly linked to the various political, economic and security conditions that Iraq has witnessed to this day. In this context, the research methodology relied on collecting relevant information and data from reliable sources and then employing and analyzing them.

This research aims to identify the effect of the sentence chains and concept maps strategies on the achievement of history among sixth grade literary students. The researcher selected a sample of (110) students who were intentionally selected from Al-Warka Secondary School affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Karkh II / Baghdad for the academic year 2014-2015. They were distributed into three equal groups with (36) students in the first experimental group that studied using the concept maps strategy. As for the second experimental group, it was (36) students who studied using the sentence chains strategy. As for the third group, which is the control group, it was (38) students and studied using the traditional method. The researcher formulated (30) multiple-choice paragraphs. Validity is one of the specifications of a good test after presenting it to a group of experts and obtained (80%), with a stability rate of (80%). The researcher compensated the three groups in a number of variables, which are (chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of the father and mother, and intelligence). The researcher reached the following results:

1- The first experimental group that studied using the concept maps strategy outperformed the second experimental group that studied using the sentence chains strategy.

2- The first experimental group and the second experimental group that studied using the concept maps and sentence chains strategies outperformed the control group that studied using the traditional method.

Educational and psychological sciences are of great importance in the practical aspects of life and in preparing students scientifically, intellectually and educationally. Since the subject of general teaching methods is both theoretical and practical, studying and teaching it requires teaching strategies that are capable of urging students to follow the scientific method of thinking, such as using conceptual maps to train and guide students in an organized scientific manner.

There has been much talk about globalization and Westernization in the last ten years of the twentieth century, and it has been discussed in academic circles, the media, and various intellectual and political movements. It has become the talk of European sociologists, philosophers, environmentalists, and naturalists, and the number of seminars, conferences, and lectures bearing the titles of "globalization" or the new world order or the new international or universal variables has increased. We say that there are men and thinkers in the humanities, and they are towering models, and firm mountains in knowledge and piety, and prominent figures in knowledge, jurisprudence, and fatwas, their virtues are unmatched, and their merits are unrivaled. They have stood in the face of globalization and Westernization, and these scholars are the ones who care about evidence and impact. Many books have been published in European and Arabic languages ​​that address the phenomenon of globalization and Westernization, to the point that one almost becomes confused about how to study this phenomenon and master its subject, especially since every writer or speaker studies and analyzes it from a specific aspect such as the economic, cultural, political, or media aspect. But God willing, the research will be divided into three sections. In the first section, we will discuss the concept of globalization in dictionaries and terminology books. In the second section, we will focus on Westernization among linguists and terminologists. As for the third section, it will address the position of the tolerant Sharia on the phenomenon of globalization and Westernization and its response to them.

Given the importance of language in the lives of nations, peoples and individuals, the major powers that have adopted the globalization project for a long time have been keen to make their languages ​​precede and distinguish themselves from other languages. Language plays a very dangerous role in the issue of globalization; because it is the tool by which the diverse blending that globalization aims to achieve is achieved.

The challenge facing the Arabic language in this era is due to the exaggerated sense of the importance of the foreign language, which often results from the fascination with everything foreign, and the false assumption that progress only comes through mastering this foreign language for everyone. The passion for foreign pronunciation leads many people to abandon the easy Arabic pronunciation for the strange pronunciation.

The research aims to reveal the most prominent effects that globalization has left on the Arabic language in this era, by analyzing the manifestations and tools of linguistic globalization.

The research deals with the phenomenon of multiplicity, overlap and abundance in rhetorical terminology, and in particular the science of rhetoric, which has (750) seven hundred and fifty terms. It includes examining the origin of the term and its development in its early stages, then how it overlaps with terms from other sciences that have produced the great multiplicity of a single term. The conclusion summarizes the results.

We find that presenting this study is one of the necessities required by the researcher in the field of Islamic economics, due to the overlap in the understanding of the students of the problems of these topics between the specializations of jurisprudence, thought and history.

Jurisprudential studies and comparative jurisprudence examine the field of what is forbidden and what is permissible and the exception in a specific economic topic and of course in the aspects of production, distribution, ownership, entitlement and time... etc.

Jurists differ in fine details and subsidiary issues of the topic being researched, and economics in jurisprudence is money, sources of legislation, the Qur’an and Sunnah and jurists through vision in analogy and ijtihad...

As for thought, its study aims to clarify the nature of human progress and its extent, and includes studying the emergence and development of ideas, and revealing the thinkers among scholars who worked to show, deepen and advance them, as it means people’s interest in them.

This study aims to examine the impact of the relationship between tribes, the overlap of a number of tribes by kinship and their extension within the two countries to seek resources, take revenge on each other, and change the ruling regimes and the impact of this on the political, security, social and cultural situation, so that sometimes you cannot distinguish between a Chadian and a Sudanese in his personal features as a result of the tribal overlap between them. The availability of weapons led to a permanent area of ​​tension in relations between the two countries, in addition to tribal conflict and the formation of fronts. The subject is of great importance as this population overlap in Africa has led to many conflicts and disputes that have claimed the lives of thousands of people, in addition to the researcher's interest in African studies in general and Sudan in particular, as the researcher moved between Sudan, South Sudan, Chad and Ethiopia, and obtained information that benefited him in most of his research

The Holy Quran is the first and valid source for all times and places to guide all of humanity in various aspects of life. It is the only book that outlines the correct features for them to reach eternal happiness. Any attempt at understanding or reform that goes beyond it will result in failure and loss.

Our righteous predecessors realized the source of this great book, its wise sovereignty, and its great dominance over human minds. They ruled the world after making it the only reference in building accurate sciences and knowledge that control their correct view of man, life, and existence, and how to establish links and relationships between these three elements in a manner consistent with human and social nature, leading to the establishment of a society whose motto is ((A good city and a forgiving Lord)), to which the necks of divine reformers in every age and country aspire.

In order to activate its comprehensive and complete guidance in the age of globalization in a manner that is consistent with the beauty, perfection, and greatness of this book, and to restore the sovereignty of the Islamic nation to what it was like among the righteous predecessors; Today, Muslims in general, and researchers concerned with Qur’anic and Islamic studies in particular, must constantly renew their readings of this greatest book, each in a manner that is consistent with their abilities and the potential available to them.

It is self-evident that Muslims belong to various nations, so does Islam abolish these affiliations? Or does it combine them based on the concept of plurality as a divine law?

However, the globalization of the concept of citizenship, the erasure of specific cultural differences, and the obliteration of identities and the specificities of nations due to conflict or political differences, often leads to negative reactions to this trend by deepening and rooting them, through their political connections to the deep or mysterious roots of culture, whether spiritual or historical, and as a result, the threat to one's culture becomes a threat to one's religion or ancestors, and thus a threat to the essence of one's identity.

This issue has been raised in recent times, which may be new to our reality, but despite its modernity, Islamic jurisprudence, which is derived from a law that was revealed to govern the earth until God inherits it and those on it, is not restricted by such concepts. Note that Western political systems rely on a specific concept of citizenship, and this is stipulated in their constitutions and approved documents.

It was necessary for the Muslim researcher to delve into the origin and branches of the issue and come up with a new concept that originated from Islamic law and absorbed the events of reality.

One of the most important things that pens and inks should be devoted to, and that researchers should be motivated to do, is to study emerging issues and derive appropriate legal rulings. The facts of events that are repeated and renewed need legal rulings that give them a legal description. The noble Sharia has undertaken to give every incident in the Islamic society a legal ruling of prohibition, dislike, obligation, recommendation, or permissibility. Since the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah are limited and countable, and the emerging issues and developments are countless, it was necessary to rely on the rational evidence indicated by the transmitted texts with consideration. The rational evidence is analogy, approval, public interest, and others. They are an abundant balance of evidence that makes the mujtahid not find a passing issue or thorny dilemma except that it has a legal description that controls prohibition or permissibility. The issue under discussion is the ruling of the judiciary when changing the currency, which is one of the contemporary economic problems that affect the individual and society, and the great and dangerous impact that accompanies it on the purchasing power of money, as this power weakens and decreases, which leads to the cheapness of money in relation to goods. And the benefits and services provided in exchange for them. As happened with the Iraqi dinar, whose value before the Gulf events of 1990 was equal to about three dollars, then after that and when the economic blockade was imposed, the value of one dollar reached more than two thousand Iraqi dinars. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the change that occurred in the currency.

Islam is honored to carry the banner of the universal divine message from the Almighty to His beloved Mustafa (peace be upon him) and from him to all the worlds, as a guide, teacher, savior and perfecter of morals, saying: “I was sent only to perfect good morals.” And why not, when God Almighty praised him by saying: “And indeed, you are of a great moral character.” He is the only respite for the mission of establishing truth and justice and spreading the spirit of tolerance and brotherhood among all human beings. They are equal in rights and duties, as the Almighty said: (...And We have made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most honorable of you in the sight of God is the most righteous of you). He made righteousness the criterion for differentiation among all human beings, and the one who is most righteous and a monotheist of God Almighty precedes them, and for the love of the prophets and messengers (peace be upon them all). And the servants were busy between work and worship. Some of them offered their services and contributions to others without compensation or favor from anyone. In the midst of that reality The cloudy humanity, the sciences of Muslims were at their peak in the fourth and fifth centuries AH. While Europe and the rest of the world were in the dark and backward Middle Ages, and were experiencing difficult labor in (the tenth and eleventh centuries and even after the thirteenth century AD). Globalization had not yet appeared with this dewy name of the true universality of Islam to the public, because European societies were disintegrated, and had nothing to eat and wear, and had entered into conflicts with their neighbors in order to survive, in addition to spreading hatred and malice against others, and this bad culture began to prevail to the surface, and among its results were many victims due to the abhorrent religious, national and political wars, so poverty increased and various types of diseases became widespread, then humanity was afflicted with extremists, who had eliminated the other, and after every setback we see them throwing the problem on the priestly temples and churches and their men, and launching cries of understanding and excuses after they got tired of politicians after the shift from the control of the clergy to the ruling political class and lobbies. We see them They make excuses and launch calls for the necessity of continuing dialogues of all kinds, which were used and are used by corrupt and deviant politicians, those linked to evil agendas, and the mouthpieces of the directed and politicized media such as (dialogue of religions and civilizations and rapprochement), as if they want to convey messages that they are doves of peace, and the problem is with the other party that was attacked (Arabs and Muslims). While history denies them that, the Merciful Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) had dialogued with them, but they denied him, and did not respect those agreements and treaties, and even denied his message, and deliberately cast doubt on it. Nevertheless, he gave them opportunities, despite the sacrifices of his people, and they were their second victims, the Arabs and Muslims. So they belittled the Arabs, and violated everything they owned. The religious conflict continued throughout all successive Islamic eras, and until today, with exposed tricks that they copied many times, and everyone who followed them knew its style. Then came globalization. To make matters worse. This is what we will address in our presented research, which we are honored to share with you this annual tradition by choosing the axis of human sciences and the era of globalization, wishing everyone success and prosperity. We say that globalization is a strange phenomenon, and a heavy guest, that entered conservative homes without permission, and entered in disguise, its appearance is to achieve benefit, goodness and peace, and its interior harbors evil for humanity, and its evidence is to focus on the work of a nation of more than a billion and a half Muslims, distributed across seven continents, by putting poison in honey.. The study requires dividing it into an introduction, then an introduction, then the text; which consists of two sections and demands related to the subject. In the first section, we will address: the concept of globalization, and the most important things that have been said about it. In the second section, we will address Muslims’ confrontation of the challenges of globalization with science and knowledge. In addition to mentioning the results and sources.

Cultural globalization is an attempt to extend the American intellectual cultural model to the Islamic identity and cultural specificity of Islamic societies through various means, starting with military dominance and political influence, passing through economic control in terms of linking the world to a single economic system, and ending with modern technical means represented by audio and visual media, the World Wide Web. Accordingly, the research hypothesis is based on the impact of cultural globalization on Islamic societies, and how it is reflected and affects the intellectual, social and cultural aspects of the Islamic nation, and what is the position or responsibility of the Islamic nation in responding to this challenge and providing an alternative to imported ideas, and what are the proposals of Islamic thought to confront this intellectual difference.

The first appearance of the humanities in the nineteenth century was an attempt to get rid of the comprehensiveness of philosophy for all those sciences. Therefore, the humanities specialized in studying the human self and its activities in its various forms. This is done through several sciences that make up the humanities: Religious studies, archaeology, regional peoples' cultures, literature and criticism, sociology, music, anthropology, philosophical studies, history, art history and its theories. Linguistics, including literature and criticism, are among the humanities most affected by the emergence of the scientific method in study and research. From this standpoint, this research attempts to approach this problematic issue, according to a descriptive, analytical, historical vision. The first problem facing the research is the apparent contradiction between the terms (sciences) and (humanities), as the term scientific refers to the subject and experimentation, while the term humanity relates to the self and rational visions. Therefore, how can they be combined in one semantic field?