ADAB AL-BASRAH

This paper examined the term "morpheme" in Arabic literature and its influence on the study of philology, shedding light on the diversity and versatility of its term, and knowing the reasons for this by showing the mechanism of its choice to the author. The term has gained prominence in contemporary linguistic literature as an exponential term, and has been translated, sculpted, or introduced by some scholars... Meanwhile, another group adopts the term on what it is in its Western form. On the other hand, some scholars have rejected the circulation of the term morpheme in our Arabic study, and prefer to preserve the old term in its meaning, connotation and effect... We chose to highlight the author's linguistic and cultural references in this selection. The research focuses on describing the main views and theories that have served as a basic reference in the Arab study among contemporary researchers and scholars.

The present study investigates the realization of discursive strategies in Ben Ali's speech in the context of the collapse of power in which he depends on the power of words rather than the power of arms. It adheres to the theoretical model of Critical Discourse Studies (Henceforth CDS), specifically Wodak's Discourse Historical Approach (Henceforth DHA). The data will be divided into text segments to be analyzed, interpreted and then explained.
The study addresses the question that: what are the discursive strategies used in the selected speech? The results the study came up with indicated that the most common discursive strategies employed by the speaker are the referential, predicational ones to promote himself, and intensification strategy, as a result to the ideological gap resulted from the difference between the speaker and the addressees.

This study seeks to demonstrate the acumen of farmers in the Wilayat of Rustaq; This is due to the distinction of this state with its strategic geographical location, and the multiplicity of agricultural seasons for them, which contributed to the diversity of their crops. of agriculture, and an explanation of the words and terms associated with these operations, based on the collective approach in arriving at the agricultural system, and the words that accompany it.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: that the people of Rustaq relied on natural resources in the care of agricultural lands, and their expressions were many and varied according to the individual's living in an environment of the homes of that state.

Wordless messages are communicated through different non-verbal cues such as body language, hand gestures, and facial expressions. The translation of these cues therefore is very important because it enhances mutual understanding between people from different cultural backgrounds. On the other hand, the failure to provide acceptable equivalents may lead to use them in wrong situations which results in serious consequences. The present study addresses some of these consequences with special reference to English movies subtitled into Arabic. It hypothesizes that the strategies followed by Arab translators in rendering non-verbal communication are deficient. It attempts to suggest a new translation approach to improve the viewer’s perception, for instance, the use of a special strategy in subtitling the non-verbal cues whether highlighting the obscene cues or writing the subtitle in an Italic writing format for those who are not obscene. It also concludes that the audience prefers to see subtitles to the non-verbal cues rather than leaving them without subtitling as providing these can assist to bridge the cultural gap between English and Arabic.

There are many linguistic explanations for Ibn Jinni in all his books, especially Al- Muhtasib, perhaps the most vocal explanation are related to abnormal Quranic readings, which is the focus of our research , which is based on explaining the reason for these reading, the most prominent phonetic phenomena that Ibn Jinni justified are adulation, substitution , saturation, sedation of the moving , moving the consonant, inversion, mitigation , following or adjacent, the meeting of the two dwellers, the matching of sounds to the meaning indicated by them, and tilting.
Some of them were mentioned by Ibn Jinni in his others books , including what he considered one of the languages of the Arabs. As the research shows Ibn Jinni’s position on these reading and his opinion on rejecting or accepting them because they conform to one aspect of the language or not.

The present research aimed at positioning attitudes of a selected group of prison letters in terms of Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory (2005). To have this goal accomplished, a corpus of about (3459) words was selected to represent five prison letters. The results showed that the categories of Attitude and Judgment were the most frequent in terms of occurrence, whereas the category of Appreciation came second in terms of frequency. The category of Affect, on the other hand, had the lowest percentage of occurrence. Generally speaking, the negative impression was the mastering in terms of positivity and negativity.

The method of questioning is an influential energy in the address and the recipient, and this is not performed by the direct discourse, and the poet recognized that influence inherent in the question, and benefited from it to express the feelings and feelings of himself, and adapted it in questional dialogues that came out with new arguments that are not included in the books of language and eloquence.
This research came to reveal those semantics that the researcher had asked of those questions.
Which carried new connotations, such as the sign of divine love and the significance of deity and loss, and there are overlapping connotations, and infinite connotations that have made the door open to his death.

The literature of resistance and stability reflects the spirit of criticism or protest of the poet and writer against the imposed political, social and economic factors. The thematic similarities between the works of Arab poets show the differences and similarities in the feelings and perceptions of the people of those lands. This article compares the themes of satirical poetry and Ahmad Matar's stability, with a descriptive-analytical method. The characteristics such as patriotism, freedom, poverty and injustice, dissatisfaction with the situation were found in the poet's poems. His differences with other poets are also due to their spatial differences and their experiences and political and social position. But Ahmad Matar's expression has a revolutionary spirit and he tries to express and reflect the suffering of his compatriots and the Arab society in his poetry with an explicit language.

The city of Sidon is considered one of the impotant coastal cities,along with Tyre,Arwad and Byblos.The Canaanites or the Phoenicians,in reference to the purple dye that they used to extract and manufacture.Attacks on this coast were carried out by major powers in the ancient Near East, such as the Egyptians,Assyrians,Babylonians and Achaemenids.Its king,Tenes al-Siduni,in alliance with Egypt,and this was the result of the injustice,cruelty and intransigence of its imposition of heavy taxes on them.Selling the rubble of the city to the adventurers seeking gold

The Iraqi Communist Party faced great difficulties after the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 until its end in 1945, which affected its activities, including the imposition of martial law by the Iraqi government, and occurrence of the May 1941 movement, which led to the disruption of the Iraqi political scene significantly and the occurrence of clashes between the Iraqi army and British army, who led to the second British occupation of Iraq. The British Embassy in Baghdad increased the monitoring of the Communist Party’s activities, and stressed on Iraqi government to fight communist ideas and prevent their expansion inside Iraq. Under these deteriorating political conditions, members of the Iraqi Communist Party were subjected to a campaign of arrests and persecution by the government, in addition to being exposed to internal splits that used by Britain to strike the Communist Party organizations.

Women enjoyed a distinguished and high status in the Andalusian society, and many of them were famous in the social field, as they were virtuous governesses and good wives. They devoted part of their money and possessions to charitable works such as helping the poor and the needy in addition to sponsoring and caring for the orphans. They also had a role in spreading Islam for their attributes of rightness, asceticism, worship, goodness and understanding religion that indicated their adherence to the Islamic religion. Also, they had famous science meetings that women intended for remembrance and worship. They also participated in relieving Muslims and liberating them from humiliation and slavery, and in copying and decorating the Holy Qur’an. In this respect, they competed many calligraphers and copyists. They also contributed to laying the foundation stone for many urban establishments of public benefit, including mosques, and provided them with the necessary services of water and public facilities for worshipers and pedestrians. They also built cemeteries, health institutions, cities and palaces.

The texts of the royal literature are permeated with a wide presence of foreign cultures and ancient legacies that came together with texts from the Islamic culture with its various topics between the book, the Sunnah and poetry, and this cultural mixture has identified the references of these works, exposing a mixture of various elements between Greek, Hindi and Persian, and perhaps this matter clearly reveals openness The literary text of the Sultani during the first Abbasid era (132-247 AH / 749-861 AD) was not centered on a single reference and closed, but went beyond it to the fusion in the cultures of the ancient nations, thus forming a literature that possesses a different political discourse and proposes a political ideology that leaked into the Islamic ruling system and influenced it and was a reference Active in the management and cultural-political fusion between peoples and express the reality of the Islamic community and the direction of its development at that time.

The fall of Babylon was not that fortified empire, and when we say fortified, we do not mean only its fortresses, walls and impregnable power that were erected by its great kings for years to repel any attack from any side and place, but that immunity comes from the fact that that empire had plans for building the Babylonian man The one who started to see its city or his empire as proud, standing, and extending for hundreds of years, had to pay the price for the betrayal of a group of priests, stakeholders and Jews, the stupidest historians and researchers accused the Babylonian man of being a traitor and weak and does not bear any patriotism in defending his country, but he was welcoming and applauding the invader. The foreigner, who kept waiting for him and pinned hopes on him to rid him of his bitter reality, as if he were the promised Christ or the eternal Savior, as this recording, transmission and history of the rapid fall of Babylon, inspired by writers and historians, is far from the truth on the ground and far from the fall of the greatest empire in the history of mankind. The fall paints a different picture from what happened, for Babylon has withstood and fought and its sons endured killing, burning and destruction in order to defend it, and they did not welcome that invader and did not spread their land with For roses, as many had illusion, and this research came to reveal what happened.

The prefabricated house industry in Basra governorate is considered one of the important manufacturing industries in the governorate through its contribution to the economic process in the Basra community, by attracting labor and diversifying its products to meet the needs of the local market for the governorate, marketing to neighboring governorates, developing and improving production volume and quality, as well as achieving high profits and revenues. Therefore, the research aims to study the reality of the prefab industry and its geographical distribution of the prefab industry in Basra Governorate and its problems.

This study aims to using GIS technology in the detection characteristics morphometric River Basin Sar khaton represented characteristics of spatial and longitudinal and formal and topographic characteristics of sewer water in order to build a geographic database of the basin , was the use of visual space DEM and a map of Iraq identification and mapping of topographic The sewer water was introduced into these maps to Arc GIS 10.8 has been producing a map of the basin of river and a network of water , which are classified to or less the same , according to the way the introduction of Analysis and an application within the application program Arc GIS, and painted map of digital elevation contour lines of the study area , was the production of digital maps and took various morphometric measurements and make some spatial relationships between these various properties that include the pelvis.

The research investigates Continentality situation in Saudi Arabia. Contenintality means the impact of the earth service whether it is land or sea, on climate. Climate is classified into continental climate and maritime climate. Five indices of Continentality were applied to estimate continentality degrees in the kingdom, which are Gorczyniski's index, Johansson's index, Conrad's index, Raunio's index, and Supan's index

The research aims to achieve the following goals:
a.To introduce the concept of quality and the quality of information services of the specialized libraries.
b. To introduce specialized libraries, their functions and services.
c. To introduce the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau.
d. To analyze and measure questionnaire indicators.
e. Measur information services in the Federal Financial Supervision Bureaus
Library.
Descriptive analytical approach was used in a questionnaure to descriptive
analytical measure questionnaure forms that are drstributed to the stack
holders randomly . the questionnaire was consists of (8) items distributed into
(5) approaehes .
Quantitative and descriptive analysis was followed in the questionnaure by
using alpha Cronbach scale and statistical means (weighted mean,