Journal of the planner and development

: Iraq has suffered a variety of problems caused by over urbanization as a result of the absence of integrated regional development policies at all areas and regions of the country. Where these problems took two sides:
1 - the concentration of urban population in a limited number of cities, especially in major cities as a result of the availability of the attractions 2 - that this concentration of the urban population doesn’t match with economic and physical potential .
The failure of the regional development methods followed by Iraq in the early stages to face the problems of over urbanization and achieve balanced development between provinces, due to the extreme centralization in decision-making development, called for the need to consolidate and integrate spatial dimension and urban in all strategies, policies, plans and sectors programs at all levels (national, regional and local), depending on the participation between the central government from a side and local, regional administration, private sector , the local community from the other, within the framework of integration, flexibility and transparency in the decision-making process.

هناك مجموعة من العوامل التي تتحكم في تخطيط مسارات خطوط الضغط العالي، وتأتي في مقدمتها العامل الاقتصادي وطبيعة الأرض فضلاً عن المتطلبات التقنية، وقد برز في الآونة الأخيرة عامل التلوث بالمجالات الكهرومغناطيسية بوصفه عاملا مؤثرا قويا في اختيار هذه المسارات سواء من ناحية الموقع أو تحديد أبعاد هذه الخطوط ضمن هذا الموقع اذ تم التوصل إلى أن الملوثات المعروفة الموجودة في الهواء تزداد قابليتها

The studies the economic conditions of living usually cover topics like: Income, its sources, growth and distribution among households and individuals. The labor market indicators such as unemployment and participation rates. The level of basic services, related to health, education, transportation … etc.
Some of the aspects that these studies deal with are population growth, housing, crowdedness and residential environment. these aspects that this article is concern with, with reference to the city of Mosul. The results have shown improvements in various indicators such as: The quality of the house and its building material, the sewage system, and transport facilities. While other indicators have shown deteriorations, like: house ownership, separate kitchen facilities, safe water supply, electricity supply, and rubbish collection facilities.

Produced as a result of the different actors of human solid waste (solid waste) started" from his house to his workplace and areas frequented by entertainment and other events, these wastes require handling for final disposal, And methods adopted in Al-Ramadi sanitary landfill , Speaking on anaerobic degradation of organic solid waste in these areas leading to emission of biogas which is (40-60)% of methane and the remainder of the carbon dioxide and other gases.
Suffering Iraqi city including the city AlRamdi of weakness in the management of waste and pollution of all kinds of environment, particularly air, for several reasons, including excessive use of vehicles and the increasing number of vehicles after 2003, and the acute shortage of electric power, which led to the excessive use of generators that operate diesel or gasoline and Other of reasons, which requires finding a clean and renewable source of fuel properties and bio-gas generated from the landfill that natural gas, and non-polluting, renewable and non-depletion is related to the life and activities of the various rights.
This study aims to estimate the amount of methane generated from landfill area in the city of Ramadi, to estimate the amount of energy can be invested
The most important conclusions were reached:
- Can generate 6280 tons of methane gas
- Can generate electrical energy = 11304 kW / h
Among the recommendations:
- must set up pipelines for the collection of methane in the landfill area in the city of Al- Ramadi
- Must be approved landfill method rather than "throwing open dump to preserve the environment and to increase the amount of methane learned.

This research examines the importance of the social aspects of pre-planning in the desert areas to avoid potential problems and contradictions in human behavior because of cultural adaptation. There are a variety of styles of life (in Arab societies) include urban and rural and Bedouin each with its distinctive character, so the scheme see such styles as a prelude to his designs, which puts for future depending on the theoretical knowledge and field data for the study society.

The Iraq Iranian war in 1980\'s, and the economic situation at that time, directed Iraqi government resources and strategies to war and military investment. Thus, the government ignored the provision of housing for the majority of Iraqis, with limited supply of water and sanitation. Not only wars but distorted housing policies that privileged the military officer and excluded the rest of the population have contributed to the exacerbation of the Housing problem and rise of numbers of deteriorated housing stock and as well the rise of slums. Over centralized policies with limited housing provision, and exclusion of private housing development continued until 2003 and its impact is still ongoing. Thus the government represented in both the Ministry of construction and housing and the ministry of municipality and public works, the lead in development a comprehensive approach to improving the living conditions of the majority of marginalized deteriorated housing stock and slum dwellers.

While most of the housing stock in urban Iraq is in good or fair condition, between 30% and 50% of the housing older, central city areas is in poor condition (needing major structural rehabilitation) or uninhabitable. To improve the condition of this substantial portion of the housing stock, more financing for housing repair and rehabilitation is required.

About 90 percent of landlords reportedly make no investment in maintenance or rehabilitation whatsoever. The poor condition of private housing (which accounts for more than 90 percent of the urban rental housing stock) is complemented by the poor quality of services to the housing. Moreover, in the tight housing market that prevails in many Iraqi cities, renters are at a particular disadvantage as owners have little incentive to repair units to attract or retain tenants. Deteriorating conditions decrease area property values while potentially undermining public health.(3)

Pilot projects are needed as \"Government will increase inspections of private rental housing units, using innovative and community-based pilot efforts, to improve compliance with minimum housing standards\", and in order to achieve that Project required activities in terms of Human, Technical and Financial resources, such activities to be undertaken are:

1- Encouraging community Decision Making:
2- Empowerment of Neighborhood Advisory council status and other involved partners.
3- Working towards initiating community groups’ workshops:
4- Encouraging Employment with local Contractors
5- Carry on huge Community Rehabilitation works and demolishing under special circumstances that makes it entirely different from any other typical rehabilitation works.
Each of the above mentioned activities has its own criteria and requirements, models and lessons learned concerning the first four activities are quiet covered and available in the literatures, while the technical problem lies on the fifth activity that its speedy and accurate implementation will certainly affect the success of the other four activities and the success of the implementation of the project as a whole.
Based on above, this research will concentrate on the fifth activity to secure applied model that can serve as appropriate for that purpose.

Therefore / The Problem lies on the / Absence of a set up for special design database management (D.B.M.) that serve the arisen needs and characteristics of such type of projects knowing that other project software has no such capability to manage and control this kind of projects.

The Goal will go towards / the provision of a technical database manager model (that is newly designed and tailored for such kind of projects) which can be scaled up and be a core element for smooth and accurate implementation of the redevelopment and Upgrading future strategy to serve the implementation of the related issues and policies stated in the National Housing policy

The features and multiple benefits, including environmental, economic and social ones that can be extracted from sustainable planning, have a large effect in supporting the orientations and efforts on environment protection and conservation of natural resource base for future generations as well as economic gains at individual and community levels. The application of those features provides a wide range from which can be dealt with them in the planning of sustainable contemporary cities, noting that these features can be discerned in the Islamic Arab city, where the environmental, economic and social gains where achieved which can not be overlooked and can be applied to achieve the aim of sustainability in the contemporary cities.
Sustainable planning is not planning a complex design or requires material possibilities and high-tech, but it is regular planning provides comfortable interior

Islam is a comprehensive religion and way of life, living on minimum rules and provisions and controls derived from sources of Islamic law, which combines tradition and modernity , between stability and flexibility to cope with all ages and times and meet human needs in every time and place .
The economic aspects of Sharia Islam restricted by what is halal and haram , and it is not valid to consider things useful

One of the characteristics of developing countries and one of the major constraints on developing is the acute shortage of skilled professionals in the fields of planning and management of urban development. This research tried to show this shortage not only at the professional level also the level which provides support to professional and assists in country like Iraq for the target year 2025

It is no secret the importance of upgrading the educational community, which depends on the need to provide educational services and attention to the subject of the spatial signature this service, since the processing of city social service without the adoption of the foundations of the spatial distribution level will hamper the efficient functioning of these institutions.
The use of software Geographical Information System (GIS) has enabled a great potential in finding the most appropriate solutions and make the best decisions especially with regard to the processing and analysis of spatial information to assess the location of schools according to a set of standards as well as the employment potential of geographic information systems in the signing of school districts City out digital maps, and build appropriate models for the current test sites and the proposal to amend some of the sites according to the degree of suitability standards.
The researcher adopted on data available at the Directorate of Education and government departments as well as the field study, which used a Global Positioning System (GPS) to locate schools accurately. Well as space-based data have been prepared database designed to build appropriate model through spatial processing statistical using (ArcGIS10 ) for sample preparation cartographic proposal to sign a primary school adoption visual space of the city of Fallujah for the year 2012 and the need to sign the schools in the light of criteria signing schools and needed by the proposed alternatives to create a new school or expansion to increase its capacity or demolition and the creation of school in new locations

In order to evaluate the range of achieving justice in spatial distribution for the investment of the Regions development program in wasit province. The research depends on the quantitative analysis by using (Gini coefficient) and (Lorenz curve).
To measure the disparity and the optimal allocation of investments through the comparison between the percentage of allocation investment development programs province in the basic service sectors (municipal, sewage, water .roads and education) and between the three components of (population, area and level and disability) in the provision of service.
The most important findings of the research are the adoption of local authorities on the specific Factors such as population (the municipal sector, sewage, urban water) and urban land area in the program years 2006 – 2011. While research has shown a lack of interest by authorities of the two factor –rural land in the road sectors and rural water and the disability the provision of service in the (ruler water sector, roods and municipalities), which reflected in the variation of justice in determine the amount of investment allocutions between Qadhas and Nahia of the wasit province.

The educational services of the most important community events because of their significant impact in the life of the city and the community, as it represents the foundation on which are based upon the city in the development of civilization and Social Council through its role in the development of the scientific and cultural life of society, as the schools and different levels represent a base for education of the actor and excellence scientific and enable citizens to gain knowledge about contemporary issues such as sustainable development and affairs of life, and contribute to educational institutions to instill noble values in society and building its capacity to be effective in an integrated framework of sustainable educational development and contribute to the recovery of social and economic life and health.
And thus to be interest in good planning for land use in general, and educational services, in particular, and secure it according to the criteria adopted, in order to achieve maximum benefit from the lowest possible cost and effort.
So interested in research to study and analyze the efficiency of the spatial distribution of educational services in the city of Nasiriyah, the adoption of GIS to identify kinks in the distribution, and how to address the basis of the planning standards, and the statement Malinzm geographical information from important and effective role in the study of urban planning and spatial distribution of appropriate educational institutions.
And address the practical side of the reality of the spatial distribution of educational institutions in the city of Nasiriyah statement and the case of spatial imbalance in most sectors of the city. And adoption of standards affected both the distance access and population density in the analysis of the signing spatial educational services in the city, and the study of those standards and research found to suggest suitable locations within the sectors of the city of Nasiriyah to address the imbalance based on the distance to arrive later identified using geographic information systems GIS.