Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

Abstract:
Aim of the study;
- To identify the effect and useful of some feedback on some motor skills using balance beam apparatus .
Hypothesis;
- There is a significant differences between some feedback in terms of time in learning some motor skills on balance beam apparatus of sophomore in the college of physical education at University of Sallahadin in Erbil .

Methodology;
1. Samples of sophomore (girls) from college of physical education were used as instrument in this study.
2. The sample was divided in to 4 groups ;
- Experimental group with informational feedback.
- Experimental group with close feedback.
- Experimental group with fast feedback.
- Experimental group with postponed feedback.
3. The sample was conducted for period between 9/2/2005--- 8/3/2005
4. The researcher analyzed the results using certain statistical methods
Conclusions and Recommendations;
Based on the analysis of the data, the following conclusions were presented;
1. There were significant differences between groups of study during learning of motor skills.
2. The second experimental group was overcome on anther groups .
3. The first and fourth group were balanced.
4. The second group was overcome.
5. The third and fourth groups were balanced.
6. The first experimental in overcome on all over the rest of groups. Recommendation;
1. More emphasis should be taken into consideration on feedback learning.
2. More emphasis should be taken into consideration on advanced students in the college of physical education.
3. More studies should be done on other apparatus of gymnastics.

Abstract:
The research aims at getting acquainted with the effect of using cooperative learning according to the teaching strategy of same-age students in teaching some of the basic skills in football. The research was conducted on a sample of first-year students in College of Physical Education, University of Sallah Al- Deen. The research included two groups: an experimental group taught by using the cooperative manner and a control group taught by using the traditional one. The number of each group was a (12) student. As for research items, they included
trapping, dribbling and control in football. The researcher conducted equivalence between the two groups in regard to the number of variants that could affect the study results. The researcher treated his data statistically throughout using T- test for both, the independent samples and correlated ones.
The researcher has reached to a number of conclusions, the most important one is the following: In acquiring skills such as trapping, dribbling and control in football, the experimental group, which was taught by using the cooperative learning manner exceeded the control group, which was taught by using the traditional one.
The researcher recommended that there should be a necessity of using the cooperative learning manner as it was proved to be better than the traditional one in teaching the skills of trapping, dribbling and control.

Abstract:
The researcher aims at studying the values of the Kinematic variables in connection with the approach run , such as its distance , duration ,speed rate ,momentum ,motion energy , and the number of steps in it , the work also aims to study the relationship of the values of the Kinematic variables with the level of achievement of the sample in this study .
The descriptive methods has been adapted within a survey approach .
Fifty – six first – year students from the college of physical education in the university of Mosul constituted the sample of the study . Each student was given three attempts long jump , and the attempt which exhibited best performance was depicted for study and analysis . The relevant Kinematic variables were selected by a specialized team prepared for the purpose . the results were calculated using the statistical methods of the mathematical mean . The \"standard deviation\" and the simple correlation coefficient (Paerson) .
The researcher has found out that the subjects’ performance revealed no significant correlation relationship between the level of achievement and the distance of the approach run , or the number of steps in it . This has been due to the shortness of the approach run and the long duration of the distance . However , an significant correlation relationship has been found between the level of achievement , and the rate of speed in the approach run , its momentum and the motion energy of the sample . Accordingly , a recommendation has been put forward by the researcher that during giving instructions , the teachers should emphasize the technical aspects that contribute to the level of achievement , such as the approach run , its duration , and the number of steps in it .

Abstract:
The Aims Of Study Was To Know The Following :-
1. the relationship between the attention con centration degree and long serve accuracy in volleyball.
2. The relationship between the perception (senso-motor) level and long serve accuracy in volleyball.
Descriptive method by (survey style) was used which suit the nature of study sample of study consist of (10) players ,represented the saklawa sport club for youth in volleyball. That participant in arbil province championship for youth, the researchers used the attention con centration, perception (senso-motor) tests and the accuracy of long serve test in volleyball. Data was processed statistically by using the (mean,standand deviation, simple correlation). The Results Indicated The Following :-
1. there was a weak relationship between the attention concentration degree and the accuracy long serve in volleyball , because of the weak level in mental abilities of the research sample.
2. There was a weak relationship between the perception (senso-motor) and accuracy long serve in volleyball ,because of the weak level in skill performance of the research sample.
The Researchers Recommended The Following :
1. to train the saklawa club sport for youth on mental training means ,in order to increase the attention concentration and perception (senso-motor) .
2. 2-To take care of general and special psychological for the players in training operation ,besides the physical and skill preparation.

Abstract:
The study aims at identifying the impact of the swimming proposed program on some physiological variables (VO2 max, blood pressure, pulse) and the thickness of skin folders for female students at the Department of Physical Education, College of Education. The study sample consisted of freshman female students, first class at the Department of Physical Education / Koya University. Fifteen female students out of (27) were selected for their equivalence in physical variables. To measure physiological variables, the researcher has used the following tests: heart ratio to measure pulse, blood pressure measurement and Strand test on the bicycle argometric to be used in predicting VO2 max. To measure skinfold thickness, the researcher has used the locations reflecting the total ratio of fat in women, including triceps, supraspinale. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used as statistical means to derive the results. The proposed educational program has a positive impact on physiological variables and thickness of skin folds. There were significant differences between the pre and post tests for VO2 max and systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse for the favor of post-test.

Abstract:
Basketball is one of the games that are studied within the courses of the colleges and departments of the Physical Education in Iraq. It includes many defense and attacking skills, the assessment of the students\' skills performance, for most teachers, depends on the individual evaluation and the personal experience. Thus, the importance of the research lies in finding the standard degrees and levels to straighten the performance of the students in the attacking skills in Basketball.
Goals of the Research
• Finding the standard degrees and levels to straighten the performance of the students in the attacking skills in Basketball.
• Straightening the students’ level of performance according to the levels they achieve.
The sample of the research included first class students in the Physical Education College- Dyala University, 2005-2006. The total number of the students included is (208) out of (256), those who failed or postponed or are players in clubs were excluded, the sample represents about (81%) of the original community.
After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, the researcher concludes the following:
• The tests of Basketball Basic Skills correspond to the level of the sample of the research.
• Most of the sample of the research was in an intermediate level.

The researcher recommends the following:
• The necessity to adopt these tests within the semester and final tests of the first classes, and also for those applying for seats in the Physical Education Colleges.
• Adopting the standard degrees and levels of this study to straighten the performance of the first class students in the basketball basic skills.

Abstract:
The purpose of study was to know the different in some basic skills among the different positions players in football, (defense, middle, and attack), the researchers used the descriptive method by comparative reasonable style.
The sample of study consists of (20) players , which they represented the versity of Mosul University in football for the year 2004/2005 , which they were tested in some basic skills in football such as (dribbling , short pass , trapping , and juggling) .
The researchers used (Arithmetic mean , Standard deviation , Coefficient of skwenss , Anova one way , and L.S.D test) as a statistical means .
The researchers reached the following results :
1. It seems that the players are in the same level according to their different positions in the field (defense, middle, and attack) in the following basic skills (dribbling, short pass, and trapping)
2. The middle players are better than the defense players in juggling skills, but the level of the middle players are the same with attack players in this skill.

Abstract:
This paper aims at measuring the level of competitive behavior for female players in sporting clubs . It also tries to find out significant differences concerning the level of competitive behavior, with regard to such variables as age , social status , level of education , residing , the type of sport , motivation to sport practice , to get rewards and the club.
The sample consists of (71) female players whose ages ranged from 12-32 years who are practicing different kinds of sports in six clubs in Duhook governorate. The researchers used a questionnaire with twenty items each of which has three alternatives scales (always, sometimes, never) .
The researchers analyzed the data by using t-test for one and two samples and analysis of variance . The findings show that the level of competitive behavior for female players is good . There are no significant differences in competitive behavior with regard to age , social status , level of education , residing , type of sport and motivation to sport practice . However , there are significant differences in competitive behavior concerning such variables as getting a reward and club. The researchers put forwards some recommendations.

Abstract:
The research aims at revealing the effect of using four teaching styles in developing some skills in basketball at first year female pupils. The study is based on the experimental approach due to its suitability. The Society of the research were 88 first year female pupils at their intermediate stage in Ba’sheeq. They were divided into four groups each of which consisted of 22 pupils. Equivalence concerning the variables age, height and weight was achieved in addition to a number of elements of physical and some basic skills in basketball. The first experimental group used the inclusion style in teaching whereas the second experimental group used small homogenous groups. The third used the sample of small heterogeneous groups while the fourth experimental group used the command style. The execution of the educational program lasted 8 weeks with the average of two educational units per week. The time devoted for each educational unit was 45 minutes. The data were collected and tested statistically by using mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Person), T-test for equal correlated samples, analysis variance in one direction and Duncan’s L.S.R. The analysis showed the following findings:
1. The inclusion style and the two samples of small groups styles were found more effective in developing some basic skills like passing , dribbling and shooting in basketball.
2. the command style were found developing in skill pass.
3. The sample of small homogeneous groups compared with the other educational styles was found more effective in developing the shooting skill.

Abstract:
This study aims at identifying for more important valves of biokinematics variables of high- jump shooting skill in handball . it also aims at identify the venation shop between among these variables and with the accuracy .the sample of the study was five players which play in the Iraqi national team of handball who have agood abolition in shooting of from out side of the nine meter area the data collected though tow video cameras biok (adobe photo shop ) programs and (AutoCAD ) programs analize the of values of body joints angels biockenamheally the study revealed the following results .
1. there were differences in the valves at the biogenetic variables at high-jump shooting skill .
2. the increase in the time at the last approaching step influenced the negatively the step speed .
3. the biokenmatic variables relation ship were weak which mean poor performance.
the recommendations were as the following .
1. priority should be the player information about ideal movements it is to give for improving the performance
2. the technical performances to flyers at this skill in training

Abstract:
The research aimed at recognizing the differences in emotional between throwing and jumping activities in track and field . the researcher has used the descriptive method with a surwy teaching as it is convenient with the nature of the problem . research sample has been selected on the basis of an intentional method ; represented by players of jumping & throwing activities in track and field belong to the team of mosul sport club . the sample has consisted of ( 8 ) players distributed in the amount of ( 4 ) players for jumping and ( 4 ) players for throwing .
the following devices and tools were used in the research :
Measurement strip and forms for measuring emotional response in addition to the following statistical means :
Arithmaticmean , normative deiation , simple correlation coefficient a t - test . all data have been analyzed statistcally by means of computer – excel program ; under the supervision of a specialist in this field .
The researcher has concluded the following
- there had been a difference in emotional response between the players of jumping and the players of throwing .
- no significant differences shown in emotional response between the players of jumping and throwing who participated in track and field comptitions.
- no significant differences found in each of the seventh dimensions of emotional response between players of jumping and throwing who took part in track & field competitions .
The researcher has recomendded the following :
- confirm the escalation of psychological preparation according to the increase of the sansitivity and significance of comptitions and matches played by the players .
- in the light of differences in arithmetic means for the degree of emotional response between players of jumping and throwing in track and field . the researcher recommends that players should be accustomed to the atmospheres of the contests in an attempt to have an athlete reaches to an optimum degree of emotional response in game attitudes .
- perform further researches to recognize the relation between psychological manifestations and thier impact on behavior and responses in contests for larger samples and in single and collective game .

Abstract:
Aim of study
1. to identify some values of biokenamatical variables in javelin throw activity .
2. to identify the relationship between biokenamatical variables and performance .
hypothesis
- there is a statistical significant correlation between some biokenamatical variables and performance .
methodlogy
- a sample of (5) players of youth clubs championship of track and field in javelin throw activity .
- the study was analyzed by using video tape
- certain statistical methods were used .
results and recommendations
on the basis of the analysis of the data , the following conclusion were presented
- there is a significant correlation between starting speed and performance .
- there was no significant correlation between starting angle and the height of starting point with performance .
- there is a significant correlation in variables of (length, time and speed) of pivot point .
- there is a significant correlation of angle speed and speed of throwing arm with performance .
- there was no significant correlation in variables of bending trank angle with performance.

Abstract:
The effect of athletic competition on kidneys function of football players is studied by taking (10&&players team of physical education college ,Mosul university . the procedures of the research included a pre-and post competition .Measurement of the contents of urine included; the red blood Cells (RBC&& ,white blood cells (WBC&& ,pH ,protein, and glucose by using the paper slides method .the study revealed abnormal variables like red blood cells (RBC&&, white blood cells (WBC&&,and protein ,while no differences in glucose and pH after and before competition had been noted .the research demonstrated the probability of what is called athletic kidneys as a result of competition.

Abstract:
This paper drives at expounding the level of moral or ethical judgement of the student in the first and fourth year at the college of Physical Education in comparison to the moral judgments of their peers at some other humanities and science colleges at Mosul University. Also, it aims at finding out the level of moral judgment between the fourth year students at the College of Physical Education and their peers at other humanities and science colleges at Mosul University besides the difference at the level of moral judgment of first year students at the College of Physical Education and their peers at other humanities and science college at Mosul University. The scale used include the D.I.T. scale designed by James Rest. The researchers have come out with the conclusion that the majority of first and fourth year at the College of Physical Education and some humanities and science colleges at Mosul University stand at the second level of moral judgement at Colberg Scale generally designated as the social mores’ level (the most dominant) for first and fourth year students respectively. The findings also indicated that there is no difference in moral judgement of the first year and fourth year students at the College of Physical Education on the hand, and their peers at other humanities and science colleges at Mosul University in moral judgement level.

Abstract:
The study aims at identifying the impact of gaining classification strategy on acquiring some basic skills of volleyball.
The study sample consists of the second stage students at the college of physical EducationUniversity of Saladin. They were divided into two groups, (16) students for each group they were randomly selected . Class (B) represented the experimental group and was studied in accordance with gaining classification strategy in learning volleyball skills. Class (C) represented the control group and the traditional strategy was used in learning the volleyball skills.
Equivalence was made between the two groups in some variables that affect learning in addition to equivalence among the skills.
Learning program was constructed by the researcher consisting of six teachings units, using gaining classification strategy.
After being reviewed by experts, the program was applied on the experimental group. After finishing the learning program for the two groups, a post test for the two groups was made. Data were statistically analyzed using the suitable statistical methods. The researcher concluded that the group studied in accordance with gaining classification strategy was better than that studied in accordance with traditional strategy in acquiring volleyball basic skills (Setting-Receiving-and Serving).The researcher recommended the use of gaining classification strategy in learning volleyball basic skills(Setting-Receiving-and Serving) as it is best than the traditional strategy.

Abstract:
There is an important relationship, in the process of training, between the anthropometric properties and the systems of energy. This research aim to know some anthropometric properties of players using aerobic and an -aerobic systems and then to the difference between these properties in the two groups. The research was carried out on players of Ninava sport clubs and college of Physical Education (Mosul University), The sample consisted of 46 players of different sports, their ages where (18-28) years, and their anthropometric measurements where determined . The results showed that there where differences in weight, height, iliac crest, circumference of chest, arm, and thigh). The researcher recommended to study the anthropometric properties of the players when we chose them in completion more study in this respect.

Abstract:
The study aims at identifying the difference of aerobic and an aerobic ability between basketball and handball players. The study sample consisted of (24) players from Erbil handball team and (12) players from Asso basketball team. Descriptive approach was used for its suitability and Harvard step test was used to measure aerobic ability. Vertical jump test was used to measure anaerobic ability. Mean, standard deviation and T-test were used as statistical tools. There were statistical significant differences between aerobic and anaerobic ability between handball and basketball players.