Iraqi journal of mechanical and material engineering

This paper suggests a new mechanical design able to harvest dynamic wasted vehicles impact energy by Road- Bumps. Mechanical Speed Bump design is difference the traditional, where it's including many moving parts such as camshaft system, epicyclic gear train system, one way clutch system, flywheel system and generator system. Camshaft system is used to convert liner transient motion into rotational, while epicyclic gear train system is used to convert and control motion. Flywheel system is used to storage an extra energy and generator system is used to convert kinetic energy into electricity. The kinematics and dynamics of motion mechanism and generator are considered. Dynamic model has been derived and analyzed for epicyclic gear train and permanent magnets generator, based on differential equations. Governing differential equations are solved numerically by expression of Duhamel Integral. Results and simulations are carried out to study design features. Design harvested powers are estimated. Guidelines are given to improve this type of energy harvester in future.

The kinematics of manipulators is a central problem in the automatic control of robot manipulators. The kinematics problem is defined as the transformation from the joint space to the Cartesian space. The kinematic equations of motion are derived using Denavit - Hartenberg (DH) representation. In this paper, an analytical solution for the forward kinematics of Lab Volt R5150 robot arm is presented, to analyze the movement of the robot arm from one point in space to another point, and analyzes its work space The proposed model makes it possible to control the manipulator to achieve any reachable position and orientation in its environment. The forward kinematic model is predicated on Denavit Hartenberg (DH) parametric scheme of robot arm position placement. The MATLAB 8.0 is used to solve the mathematical model for a set of joint parameter and to simulate the workspace of the 5DOF articulated robot arm. The kinematics solution of the MATLAB program was found to be identical with the robot arm's actual reading.

In this study, boron carbide (B4C) has been effort prepared by using boric acid (H3BO3) as a boron source, and three types of polymer materials as carbon source (glucose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and corn starch) by developing the carbothermal process using reduced gas (H2) flow. Aqueous solutions of boric acid in presence one of the polymers forms astable gel. Pyrolysis temperature 350°C was used after getting the gel. Then, the pyrolysed product is calcined at a range of (600 – 900)°C for 2 hours. XRD analyses showed that B4C could be produced by using boric acid and PVA as raw materials after calcination at 800°C. Also, the addition of magnesium sulfate into the mixture reactants promoted the reaction and resulted in an increase in the boron carbide content. The SEM images and particle size distribution tests showed that the prepared B4C powder has a median size of 460 nm.

The chemical compositions of Iraqi crude oil often have a high concentration of the vanadium and nickel elements. The quantity of waste resulting from the burning of crude oil in electrical generation stations (power plants) in Iraq, including more than 10thousand tons per year of vanadium and nickel. The percentage of these elements was between 25and 35% depending on the type of crude oil used.This paper at hand deals with the extraction of vanadium metal from residual of fired crude oil in electric power station. The residual were pretreated by grinding and sieving. Vanadium and nickel then concentrated by particle size. Magnetic helps to separate the iron exist in crude oil residual as magnetite form. The results show the ability of separating will be 83 % of iron, vanadium also can be recovered from the residual by alkaline leaching method by using sodium hydroxide solution. Thereafter resulted in the leaching 98% of vanadium, and an increasing nickel concentration to 17.37%.The establishment of industrial units of this technology allows for Iraq and other regional countries to assume a leading position world wide in the production of vanadium.It is noted that vanadium pentoxide (V¬2O5), does not produce locally now in Iraq.

In the present study the epoxy resin was used as a matrix. Glass fibers and steel fibers were used with equal content at different ratios (2.5,5,7.5and 10%) as a reinforcing fibers, molybdenum trioxide and calcium carbonate as filler, zirconium oxide as abrasive material and copper sulfides as a lubricant. The current work investigates the mechanical characteristics by increasing fibers ratio. The wear lost get more stable state with molybdenum tri –oxide adding more than Calcium carbonate .Wear test was carried out by using pin on disc device. Results showed that the friction coefficient, compression strength, impact resistance, young modulus and wear lost improved with the change of the filler and fibers ratio. The result showed that compression strength, impact resistant, wear lost, young modulus and hardness enhanced when molybdenum tri-oxide filler was used well than calcium carbonate using.

The Pollution is one of the most important problems that threating the life and the progress of growth movement, one of the reasons that leads to air pollution is dust emission. This research has focused on identify the relationship between dust emission and traffic conditions by studying the relative changes in emission levels due to numbers of vehicles and speed of vehicles. This study showed linear relationship between PM10 emission and three different speeds and vehicles momentum. A case study was take on the three different sections of the test road (80 Street/ Hilla/ Babylon convince) and analysis the results and compare them to charts to be the important step to use the suitable acts and methods to decrease the air pollution.