Journal of International studies

This Study Is Considered Areal Reference That Reflects The Suffering Of The Political Researches And Studies Which Tend To Make The Actual Reality As A Problem For Any Research . This Study Refers To The Most Prominent Research Tools Which Are Used In The Social Sciences . It Is Very Important For The Researchers To Know These Methods That Carry The Field Nature In Order To Give The Researcher An Effective Personality That Helps Him To Conclude The Facts On Which His Research Is Based Furthermore , There Are Many Students Who Suffer From The Lack Of The Sources Especially The Lack In The Recent Titles And In This Case The Sources Is Considered As If They Are Just A Theoretical Sources As Well As There Are No Other Methods To Collect The Information And The Data . So , These Field Methods Are Very Important Because They Give The Researchers The Chance To Find A Good Solution For The Paucity Of The Librarian Sources As Well As The Field Methods Reduce The Dependence On The Librarian Sources As If The Worth Of The Research Depends On The Multitude Of The Theoretical Sources For Most Of The Researchers , Not As It Is Known In The Essential Scientific Research In Which The Research Solves A Real Problem That Affects The Society In General And The Political Power In Particular . So , This Research Show The Research Tools In A Simplified And In An Understandable Way For The Whole Researchers In Order To Make The Nature And The Kind Of The Political Studies And Researches With A Dynamic Nature That Is Continuous And Inter Active With The Political Developments As Well As The Scientific Revolution Furthermore , This Research Shows How That Tools Give A Scientific Value For Any Research By Referring To The Realistic Problems Of The Country According To The Political , social , economical and cultural Level .

The issue of recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel under the support of the American leadership Donald Trump made the issue to become more ambiguous on the regional and international sides also, in a controversial position. This study will highlight the Russian position on this resolution, which named as «century deal" especially how the Russian government acted with this resolution. However, the despite the Russian Federation take place in adopting neutral diplomatic positions and opposing to the USA decisions, but its effectiveness did not reach much due to the strength and influence of the American and zionist strategy in the region as well as the global silence about this agreement for fear of losing economic interests and deterioration the relations with the White House. In addition, Arab countries occupied the first place in silence and subjected to United States resolutions because of their fear of deteriorating relations with America. On the other hand, Russian Federation for decades seeks to resolve regional and international crises through dialogue and transparency also; Russian Federation plays a major role in the Arab region as a neutral global force that does not favor the interests of any state at the expense of another

The issue of the failed state has been one of the most important issues in the last decades and decades in terms of international security. These countries have implications and impacts on various levels of international relations. One of these consequences at the international level in those related to international security and how the failed state affects international security The United States of America has been able to exploit the concept of a failed state for its own interests and interference in international affairs,

Military doctrine is very important for all the armies of the world, so countries are interested in it, and the governments are creating it.
Iraq because of the circumstances that followed it after 2003, it needs to create a new national military doctrine, which contribute to improving the performance of the army, and make it a wall to protect the homeland.
This doctrine must be made by reference to the history of Iraq and the civilization of Iraq, the land of Iraq, and Iraq's national identity. It must be the loyalty of the army to Iraq only and not to religion or nationalism or the city.

This research attempts to study the Iranian and Saudi stance against regional and international terrorism. It took Syria as a model. The search was divided into tow axes. The first dealt with the structure of the the structure of the Iranian and Saudi political systems. The second axis examined the position of the Islamic Republic in Iran and Saudi Arabia against regional and international terrorism. While Inking the situation to the Syrian crisis; Because both countries have intervened in Syria. ‏This research deals with the process of regional balance in the Middle East region between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The two countries are one of the most important countries in the region in power, Economy, and Diplomacy , And hence that everyone of them has a team of alliances, and each of them to possess large military capabilities, technical equipment and the production of ballistic missiles and the development of air and naval capabilities to control the security of the region

It was established in 1952 by the Atomic Energy Commission and cooperated with countries and institutions in the nuclear field, which began with France, which was equipped with the Dimona reactor in 1957, which was strengthened under President Franco Mitterrand after his visit to Israel to conclude a cooperation agreement The United States of America provided Israel with nuclear equipment and expertise, supplied it with nuclear reactors, hydrogen bomb-making technology, and the joint work of American scientists at the Weizmann Institute for Nuclear Research, while ensuring its cooperation with Germany Western scientists had a role in supporting Israel in nuclear research, as well as other countries, including South Africa, which was a source of natural uranium and a place to conduct Israeli nuclear tests. Norway, which financed heavy water used for cooling in nuclear reactors Since the beginning of its program until 1991

It was established in 1952 by the Atomic Energy Commission and cooperated with countries and institutions in the nuclear field, which began with France, which was equipped with the Dimona reactor in 1957, which was strengthened under President Franco Mitterrand after his visit to Israel to conclude a cooperation agreement The United States of America provided Israel with nuclear equipment and expertise, supplied it with nuclear reactors, hydrogen bomb-making technology, and the joint work of American scientists at the Weizmann Institute for Nuclear Research, while ensuring its cooperation with Germany Western scientists had a role in supporting Israel in nuclear research, as well as other countries, including South Africa, which was a source of natural uranium and a place to conduct Israeli nuclear tests. Norway, which financed heavy water used for cooling in nuclear reactors Since the beginning of its program until 1991

The Purpose of this study, clarify the impact of the religion as A determinant in International Relations. And we don’t mean specific religion or specific state, but the use of religion from some of Leaders toward some of issues, to Achieve the Interests.
And It has been discus some of international and regional interactions, which the religion was one of the influential factors in theme. Such as the War on Terror, and the Turkish-European Relations, and the European Reject to join Turkey to the EU, which the religion`s factor was one of the most important of Its. And also have been talk over the Syrian and Yemenis crises, and the regional positions, which most of it was built on religious dimension. Finally; the study found that the religion as a (religion) is not an influential determinant in international relations, But the Political Using of the religion to Achieve some interests, is the most important determinant that the influence of the religious factor in international relations.

Tourism has become one of the most effective economic activities. It is no longer a secondary issue. It is a humanitarian and social necessity in light of the multiplicity of conditions of life. It can also be an essential resource for countries to build their economies through the role of active tourism in increasing development capacities and local financing. Tourism has an active role in development. Iraq has a number of sites that have the potential of tourism. Tourism in Iraq today is a state of developmental balance in the provinces with tourist attractions, especially religious, as well as between the parts of the province. Due to its importance and keen attention The main purpose is the development of religious tourism in the province ,on the role of tourism in the provinces and thus its reflection on the performance of local governments in activating the development and the obstacles facing the development of religious tourism

The current political process in Iraq since 2003 demands real political reforms, especially with the security and economic challenges, rampant corruption and waste of public funds, and placing of inappropriate people in decision-making and power positions. This requires a number of reforms in the political process in Iraq, as well as the role of the side factors as factors pressing that indicate the sites of weakness which require to reform. Women had a role in the reform process, whether through political institutions such as Parliament in the legislation of laws or disclosure of corruption files or through Civil society organizations in the process of monitoring and detect imbalances and corrupt.
المقدمـة

The doctrine of US President Donald Trump, the US National Security Strategy, is based on the four-pronged Republican tradition of protecting the United States, securing the American people, promoting American prosperity, and maintaining peace by force. Trump did not conceal his political conduct after winning the presidential election. He pledged to make profound changes to US foreign policy, especially in relation to the Middle East, referring to the failure of former US presidents, describing their policies as leading to the "shackling" of the United States, The American policies of those who preceded it gave the terrorists the opportunity to appear and even spread in the Middle East, in reference to the emergence of a terrorist organization in Syria and Iraq. This reference to the failure of the former American administrations came to give the Trump administration a victory. In the face of the military defeat, the United States had a major role, which President Trump sees as a correction to the mistakes of American presidents

Judicial oversight is one of the most effective and important means of guaranteeing individual rights and public liberties, on the part of the Administration's business, and maintaining its legitimacy, on the other hand, and the Iraqi legislation has given oversight authority, which seeks to indicate the role of judicial oversight before the process In iraq, we dealt with judicial oversight of the voters ' register, the decision to call for election, the nomination for elections, the comparison with some Arab legislation, in particular Jordanian legislation, and finally a conclusion was reached which included the most important findings and the most salient recommendations.

The topic area of that’s paper dealing with nature of American and Chines attitude toward Arabian Gulf, that’s region which consider as most important one as source of energy, foreign investment center, especially at field of energy , as a result the foreign policy of United States and China toward Arab Gulf have different dimensions, because of importance of that’s region In the perception and thought of the decision-maker, whether in the United States or China, which prompted the two countries to seek to employ this region to serve their interests, and within the policy of fixed goals, and if the tools changed and the means of implementation, which indicates the continuity of the importance of the Gulf region by virtue of its strategic advantages Energy as an area of attraction to various regional and international powers.

The emergence of an organization calling on the terrorist with the media strategy characterized by superiority over many Arab and Western media, the most important variables and challenges that plagued Iraq and the region in general, was able to employ the data of the digital revolution in the media and communication and social media , Which is easy to recruit thousands of educated elites, derived from the frustration and failure of these elites because of their political, economic and social reality to show the organization as the most important security threat, in addition to the military challenges posed by making the Arab region a starting point for the growth of bloody activities The depth of the European continent, there is no society that this organization could not penetrate and in varying proportions depending on a range of political, economic and cultural data. The importance of the research is to emphasize the study of the media message to organize the advocate of the terrorist to identify the content and content, especially as it has received regional and global media attention in terms of the coverage and space allocated in various Arab and Western media to broadcast its terrorist operations , Was and still is a valuable material to attract many researchers and those involved in the sciences of information and communication, political science and Islamic studies to study the complex and strange in the introduction and treatment and the intensification of the abuse of Islam on the one hand, and Arab communities on the other hand, as well as it was based on strategies enabled From reaching the depth of the target communities whatever their civilization and trends.

The Middle East is still one of the major geographic constituencies in US foreign policy, due to considerations that come first and foremost to ensure the security of its two most important pillars in the region - oil and the Zionist entity. With Donald Trump taking over as president of the United States, a new vision has emerged, It has been engaged in a policy of rearranging the region on conditions that make it compatible with its new vision based on subjugation rather than cooperation.
In the application of its new vision, the US foreign policy aimed at certain countries, including the key centers in the Middle East (Iraq) and the second center of expansion (Israel) and the third opposition to be adapted to serve its imperial project in achieving the maximum possible dominance of the region and through it the world . Therefore, the future of American hegemony lies in the extent to which the United States can achieve its goals in these countries according to the new vision.

The democratic transformation is happened in Iraq in 2003 by using wrong means because it comes by means of the foreign military performance and not by the change inside it. The reality of Iraq is under the hand of the American-Britain Occupation which represents the result of collapse of the state and absence of the logic thought causing a set of political ,economic ,social ,cultural and secure crises which are dangerous ones if they are not overcome and they affect the democratic transformation process and its success .Section Five presents five thoughtful dimensions about the bilateral democratic transformation in Iraq and these dimensions visions represent the key answer of the crises and how to face them and solve them. The research achieves a number of conclusions and recommendations for the success of the democratic transformation process in Iraq and facing different crises efficiently.

The Research Studies the Iranian – Algerian Relations in the political, Economic and Cultural aspects after the Iranian Revolution in 1979 Until 2018. The Relations Between The Countries developed Considerably in the Political, Economic and Cultural fields especially after 2000; the period of the break of the Relations between 1993 and 2000 on the background of Iran`s Position to the legislative Elections in Algeria in 1991 when the (Islamic Salvation Front) won the Elections .

The Research Studies the Iranian – Algerian Relations in the political, Economic and Cultural aspects after the Iranian Revolution in 1979 Until 2018. The Relations Between The Countries developed Considerably in the Political, Economic and Cultural fields especially after 2000; the period of the break of the Relations between 1993 and 2000 on the background of Iran`s Position to the legislative Elections in Algeria in 1991 when the (Islamic Salvation Front) won the Elections .

Many countries in the world, including Iraq, have undergone important transitional stages in their political life. These stages are the stage of transition or transition from conflict to the stage of building lasting peace because of the wrong policies adopted by these countries towards their peoples. The result is civil wars, crises, social, political, And others that need new policies and coping mechanisms compatible with the stage, and as far as Iraq is concerned as one of those countries, the wrong government policies were a major cause of the outbreak of such crises that almost destroy the state and Society because of the ability of terrorist groups to exploit the imbalance or gap between the people and the government and lack of confidence was one of the most important reasons for this is the importance of research as it addresses an important problem needs to be considered solutions and policies codified in order to overcome that difficult stage.

Many countries in the world, including Iraq, have undergone important transitional stages in their political life. These stages are the stage of transition or transition from conflict to the stage of building lasting peace because of the wrong policies adopted by these countries towards their peoples. The result is civil wars, crises, social, political, And others that need new policies and coping mechanisms compatible with the stage, and as far as Iraq is concerned as one of those countries, the wrong government policies were a major cause of the outbreak of such crises that almost destroy the state and Society because of the ability of terrorist groups to exploit the imbalance or gap between the people and the government and lack of confidence was one of the most important reasons for this is the importance of research as it addresses an important problem needs to be considered solutions and policies codified in order to overcome that difficult stage.

Security is one of the requirements of human existence; the concept of security has evolved through the humanitarian process, not only one dimension but also other dimensions, it aims to protect the material and moral entity of the State from external and internal threats, as far as Iraq is concerned after 2003, One of the tasks of the new political system is to establish a democratic political structure that contributes to the provision of opportunities for national security through the democratic constitution, political participation, and political and constitutional legitimacy. these inputs varied in their levels to meet the requirements of Iraqi national security

Media is a strategic tool for the protection of the national identity and expression is the demands of positive interaction with all the local RESTARAUNT, and interaction with the problems and concerns of the street with objectivity and commitment and responsibility and freedom, he is also responsible for the protection of the Citizen religiously and culturally and historically and socially and morally. Even after more than a decade and a half on the political change in Iraq, but that did not contribute to the creation of an independent, impartial and influential media, even if we classified some media means as independent, it is either few or weak influence or she collapsed and closed its doors after it was unable to continue to withstand obstacles in financing.

Media is a strategic tool for the protection of the national identity and expression is the demands of positive interaction with all the local RESTARAUNT, and interaction with the problems and concerns of the street with objectivity and commitment and responsibility and freedom, he is also responsible for the protection of the Citizen religiously and culturally and historically and socially and morally. Even after more than a decade and a half on the political change in Iraq, but that did not contribute to the creation of an independent, impartial and influential media, even if we classified some media means as independent, it is either few or weak influence or she collapsed and closed its doors after it was unable to continue to withstand obstacles in financing.

Many questions arise when we talk about the intellectual elite in Iraq after 2003 ,Is it one group or not ?Unified and has ideology with impact on the people or disunified with no effect at all ?Does this elite has leadership and there is inner conflicts in it or not? What is the nature of this elite , does it differ from the previous elite or continuous to it or has changed itself ?Considering its role ,does it work as a mediator in the society or as a legislator to ideas and thoughts ,or as an expert that transcend its knowledge to the society and the political authority as well? Is the intellectual elite going to change the world or change itself ,and before that is the intelligencia a tool of change in the first place ?What are the consequences of the changes in the society and the state on the intellectual elite ? Does the Iraqi intellectual turned into religious or party intellectual or an independent one and does he have a real political role

Political development, it is a political phenomena that has not reached to democracy in its origin and the depth of its history. But it has been associated with it in contemporary political and social studies since the fifties of the last century due to having same variables or most of them and because their leading is one and both of them represent a prominent feature of advanced societies.
So the matter of controversy of the democracy, it is theoretically an intellectual product and a cognitive effect of the efforts of contemporary epistemologists. And it is practically a political ideological project which was developed to serve the purposes and interests of the West countries in what they call it as developing countries.

The study aims to study the nature of the internal challenges facing Qatar under the reign of Prince Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani. The study of contemporary political systems in the Arabian Gulf region is important in studying the Arab societies and their relations with political systems, especially if they are linked to a scientific and objective study to extrapolate the nature of the challenges facing them Including the State of Qatar, which is one of the (small countries) in the Arab system. In fact, Qatar did not have a distinct Gulf or Arab location Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani came to power in 1995. The country witnessed internal and external changes in various political, economic, media and sports fields quickly, giving it a new position in the Gulf and regional arena with the growing aspiration to have its say in the international arena.

A precise definition of the term "populist" is not easy, since this term has not been given the same terminology in political science, with sufficient attention from scholars and researchers, and has not been placed on the table by them, nor has it been addressed in depth and in a comprehensive manner, Allow for the development of a specific and clear definition; Most of the definitions that dealt with the phenomenon were, in their entirety, ambiguous, and did not help to make them more visible.

A precise definition of the term "populist" is not easy, since this term has not been given the same terminology in political science, with sufficient attention from scholars and researchers, and has not been placed on the table by them, nor has it been addressed in depth and in a comprehensive manner, Allow for the development of a specific and clear definition; Most of the definitions that dealt with the phenomenon were, in their entirety, ambiguous, and did not help to make them more visible.