Journal of Kerbala University

In recent years, there has been numerous notable changes in Parkinson's disease medication. Researchers have produced new medications and gained a firm understanding of how to employ existing treatments. This has made a major impact on the lives of those suffering from the condition. Parkinson's medicine is used to treat the symptoms by compensating for the brain's loss of dopamine. Medication, particularly in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, can significantly lessen symptoms. This review displays one of the main categories of the antiparkinson agents, as it focuses on the synthetic methodology of two important dopaminergic medications namely; pramipexole and rotigotine.

To offer new imidazole compounds powerful to reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting the enzymes δ-amylase and α-glucosidase, a new series of trisubstituted imidazole derivatives 4(a-d) were prepared by using the Radziszewski reaction of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzil, different aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. All newly synthesized compounds were identified by various spectral data and were examined for purity by thin-layer chromatography. Then all prepared compounds were screened for them in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities using acarbose as a standard reference at different concentrations (50-250 μg/mL). The findings showed that all the synthesized derivatives have good to excellent inhibitory potential against α-amylase ranging between 51% to 90% compared with the reference drug acarbose ranging from 32% to 63%. Among the series compounds, 4f was the most potent. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay showed the reference drug acarbose exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (66%) followed by compounds 4b, 4d, and 4a (55%), (52%) and (51%) respectively at their highest concentrations (250 μg/mL). Therefore, these new imidazole derivatives have the potential to develop a new inhibitory activity.

Tin sulfide (SnS) nanoparticles have been deposited on glass and n-Si substrates using wet chemical method The as- prepared SnS nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, As waves interact with a regular structure that the diffraction occurs. SEM show aggregates of small nanoparticles. The optical properties were acquired from the UV-VIS absorption spectrum and results showed energy gap of allowed direct transition to be (1.8) eV, To prepare heterojunction (p-SnS/n-Si) which include (I.V) characteristics in state of light and dark conditions for forward and reverse bias as well as calculation (C.V). the results showed the (Vbi) value in illumination is less than in the dark

In this research. scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image confirmed that CDs are almost spherical in shape and the size is around 6.40 – 25.76 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum showed the existence of carbon in the samples. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of carrot extract (CE) and CDs is explained that the -C=O peak was found in 1740 and 1650 cm−1 in the CE, but it is completely lost in CDs. This result indicates that the carbonyl group has undergone carbonization and producing luminescent CDs.

Two species of myxosporean species are recorded for the first time in Iraq in the present paper from two freshwater fishes from fish markets in Baghdad city. The first species, Myxobolus dermatoulcerans Stilwell, Stilwell, Camus, Ware, Rosser & Griffin, 2020 was recorded from the gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and the second species, M. pharyngobranchialis Rocha, Casal, Alves, Antunes, Rodrigues & Azevedo, 2019 was recorded from the gills of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843). The descriptions and measurements of these parasites and their illustrations were given.

Two species of myxosporean species are recorded for the first time in Iraq in the present paper from two freshwater fishes from fish markets in Baghdad city. The first species, Myxobolus dermatoulcerans Stilwell, Stilwell, Camus, Ware, Rosser & Griffin, 2020 was recorded from the gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and the second species, M. pharyngobranchialis Rocha, Casal, Alves, Antunes, Rodrigues & Azevedo, 2019 was recorded from the gills of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843). The descriptions and measurements of these parasites and their illustrations were given.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and important foodborne and waterborne zoonotic infectious parasitic diseases of medical and veterinary importance worldwide It is caused by an obligate apicomplexan intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that can be life threatening when opportunistic or congenital in both humans and animals. Therefore, its diagnosis requires accurate and rapid techniques that rely mostly on serology and molecular methods The infection can be acquired postnatally by consumption of inadequately cooked or raw meat of animals and birds involving infective tissue cysts, or from soil, foods or drinks contaminated with sporulation oocysts
Indirect ELISA targeting IgG was used to evaluated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in(150) quail birds handlers and consumers and effect of some factors : gender, age, months and areas of study on prevalence also used minividas Toxoplasma –IgG avidity test to confirm the diagnosis. The total infection rate of toxoplasmosis in quail birds handlers and consumers by indirect ELISA, IgG was 44% (66/150), in which women and men recorded 49.33% (37/75) and 38.66% (29/75), respectively, without significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). According to age, the highest infection rate 52 % (26/50) was found in ≤ 40 years age group, while the lowest 36% (18/50) was in ages of 20-29 years with significant difference (P≤0.05). A variation was found in the infection rates among the study areas, the highest 56.66% (17/30) was in Al-Ghazel market; and the lowest 33.33% (10/30) in Al-Shaula. According to the Months of the study the higher infection rate of toxoplasmosis 70.58% (12/17) was revealed in September, while the lowest 23.52% (4/17) recorded in June and July with highly significant** (P≤0.01) differences Toxoplasma specific IgG avidity (minividas) test showed a maximum value with high avidity (57/66) and only (7/66) with low avidity and 2/66 with intermediate avidity (borderline). The rates of high avidity (86.36%) were higher than the lower and intermediate (borderline) avidity (10.60%and 3.03%), respectively.
Aims of study: This study highlighted the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by ELISA IgG and avidity tests in quail birds handlers and consumers and effect of some factors as gender,age,months and areas of study in Baghdad city

Cyclamen rohlfsianum belonging to Primulaceae family, a medicinal herb tuberous, and is documented as a logo for Libyan Flora Encyclopedia, However, the allelopathic activities of this plant yet have not been examined. So, the present study was done to evaluate the allelopathic activity of C. rohlfsianum (Tubers-Leaves) aqueous extracts was tested in a dishes experiment at concentrations of 10, 15 and 20% , and as crude powder in soil at concentrations of 2, 4 and 8% in pots experiment on seeds germination and seedlings of two Vicia faba cultivars (Local and Massa). The results of a dishes experiment showed highly significant differences in the reduction of germination percentage, and reduction of radicle and plumule lengths for two cultivars compared with a control. The results of a pot experiment showed also reduced emergence percentages of seedlings, root and shoot systems, and fresh weights. Most of the concentrations used caused a decrease of content chlorophyll (a, b, and Total pigments) and an accumulation of carotenoids of two V.faba cultivars. The tubers had the most toxcity in inhibiting, while Massa cultivar is the most sensitive.

The Inhibition activity of hot aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis, Syzygium aromaticum, glubara Glycyrrhizin, and Cinnamomum verum at concentrations (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10) mg/ml was investigated against 6 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 7 isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia previously isolated from patients with tonsillitis in the holy city of Kerbala, these isolates are characterized by multidrug resistance (MDR) and have a strong ability to build biofilm.
The results showed that the Camellia sinensis extract had a higher inhibition efficiency, with an inhibition diameter of 19.67 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of the extract against S. aureus, while the highest inhibition diameter was 14.5 mm against K. pnuemoniae at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of the extract compared to the rest. The remaining plant extracts and the rest of the extracts did not show any inhibition activity against the isolates of K.pnuemoniae bacteria isolates.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value for green tea extract was determined at a concentration of 8 mg/ml against S. aureus and 36 mg/ml against K.pneumoniae.

Background: This study was conducted to isolate and identify a group of pathogenic fungi from patients with fungi skin infections and detect the active compounds in the aqueous, ethyl alcoholic and acetone extracts of the plants seeds (Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia herba alba) at concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7 ,10 ,15 and 20) mg/ml, against the fungi species that will be isolated from fungi skin infections through the growth retardation zone and determination of the lowest growth minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Objective: The objective of this study is to provide a safe, effective and available treatment for some fungi infections. Methods: 70 pathological isolates were isolated from patients with fungi skin infections and aqueous, alcoholic and acetone extracts were prepare and then the efficiency of these plant extracts against fungi species was evaluated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Results: 50 fungi isolates were obtained out of 70 samples, 30 isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes which were isolated, 10 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, 10 isolates of Microsporum canis the alcoholic extract of the Terminalia chebula plant seeds was the best plant extract in inhibiting the isolated fungi species. Conclusions: The Iraqi environment is rich in medicinal plants such as the seeds of Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia herba alba, lt was also found that the alcoholic extracts of the Terminalia chebula seeds showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi species, all studied plants contain most of the active compounds, the plants showed no cytotoxicity.

Otitis externa is one of the most prevalent disease in small animals. The aims of cross-sectional study survey incidence otitis in dogs and isolation most causes and treated with specific treatment and determine the susceptibility breeds.From April 2022 to July 2022, 976 dogs were examined, and 117 dogs were infected (12%). Ear swab were inoculated on different media for microbiological examination. The most prevalent microorganism isolated from ear swab was Staphylococcus aureus (35.17%), followed by Pseudomonus aereginosa (26.7%). Penicillin, erythromycin, and gentamycin were highly effective against the bacteria while the Mycostatin against yeast and fungus . The commonest breeds to be affected with otitis externa were shihtzue and the Old English sheep dog.

Otitis externa is one of the most prevalent disease in small animals. The aims of cross-sectional study survey incidence otitis in dogs and isolation most causes and treated with specific treatment and determine the susceptibility breeds.From April 2022 to July 2022, 976 dogs were examined, and 117 dogs were infected (12%). Ear swab were inoculated on different media for microbiological examination. The most prevalent microorganism isolated from ear swab was Staphylococcus aureus (35.17%), followed by Pseudomonus aereginosa (26.7%). Penicillin, erythromycin, and gentamycin were highly effective against the bacteria while the Mycostatin against yeast and fungus . The commonest breeds to be affected with otitis externa were shihtzue and the Old English sheep dog.

Otitis externa is one of the most prevalent disease in small animals. The aims of cross-sectional study survey incidence otitis in dogs and isolation most causes and treated with specific treatment and determine the susceptibility breeds.From April 2022 to July 2022, 976 dogs were examined, and 117 dogs were infected (12%). Ear swab were inoculated on different media for microbiological examination. The most prevalent microorganism isolated from ear swab was Staphylococcus aureus (35.17%), followed by Pseudomonus aereginosa (26.7%). Penicillin, erythromycin, and gentamycin were highly effective against the bacteria while the Mycostatin against yeast and fungus . The commonest breeds to be affected with otitis externa were shihtzue and the Old English sheep dog.