Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

Cheese is a versatile, nutrient-rich dairy product because they include nutrients that the body needs in high amounts. The present study aimed to prolong local soft cheese storage duration with some natural herbs by antimicrobial Activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The analysis of chemical parameters was Fat, Protein, salt, Moisture, and PH by the technique (Application of DA 7250 At-line NIR Analyzer) was conducted to uncover the percentages of local Cheese during the period of blank, mixed with herb, without herb and salt. Our study showed that the local chees mixed with herb had high significant values (p< 0.01) as fat 28.32, protein 21.37, salt 0.57 and moisture 45.76, compared with other parameters of blank, and salt (p< 0.01). The PH texture analyzer from the additive herbs of local cheese observed increased values of 5.64, 5.84 from 12, and 18 days in line equation y = 0.136x + 5.27 (R2 =0.9755). Therefore, the inhibition zone of local cheese mixed with herbs such as thyme, rosemary, and chamomile was a significant zone to prevent the growth of microbes as antibiotics to prolong the shelf life of cheese, especially the thyme has a more significant zone of antimicrobial activity to inhibition of the growth, Escherichia coli 12.04 mm, Staphylococcus 11.12 mm, Mucor 9.06 mm and Penicillium 7.09 mm. The total viable count (TVC) of coliform bacteria that the local cheese sample was detected to be the interval of herb 81*104-10.7*104 and salt 36*104-56*104 during storage in 5 and 12 days, and the yeasts and moulds were increased from 5*103 to 2.8 *104 CFU/ml after 12 days when adding thyme herbs according to a different time. Sensory evaluation of the local cheese with herbs especially thyme could be successfully used by tasters. In conclusion, thyme and other herbs can be use as an effective and great nutritional source for local cheese to extend its shelf life as it has preservative properties as antioxidant for both nutrition and human against microbes and illnesses

Melatonin is the chiefly hormone formed via the pineal gland, its endogenous synthesis occur during the dark phase and controlled by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus SCN, melatonin is a long-established and widely distributed chemical in nature that exhibits a variety of modes of action and functions in almost every living thing regulating the circadian rhythms, sleep and wakefulness cycle, energy metabolism in addition to its ability to regulate the raleasing of many cytokines participate in weight plus appetite control . It has been established that the hormone is participated in the controlling of body weight, food intake, glucose metabolism and energy balance, the important role of melatonin in modifiable adipose tissue, lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress opens up great hopes for the treatment of obesity. Since obesity is a serious public health issue which results from the imbalance between the amount of calories eaten and the amount of energy expended and predisposes to various metabolic diseases, so this review has been focused on some physiological function of melatonin , its role in the controlling of energy equilibrium and reducing obesity in addition to the benefits of its supplementation.

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The study aimed to show the effect of diet in observing some immunological and physiological aspects of the human body. The study is divided into two parts; the first part includes the immunological markers that involve interleukins (IL1α, IL 17,) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The second part includes biochemical markers; Vitamin D, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and Calcium. These parameters were measured in blood from 120 volunteers and their age (34.5 ± 9. 13) for men, and (27.4 ± 7.74) for women. However, the current study included two groups: Group - A (Include men blood pre and post-diet), and Group- B (Include blood sample of women pre and post-diet). IL1α, IL 17, hs-CRP, and Vitamin D were measured by using Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immune-Sorbent assay technique (ELISA) while Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and calcium were estimated by using the enzymatic colorimetric method. The average weight for men were (pre-diet = 94.1 ± 7.74; post-diet = 79.1 ± 12.8) while for women were (pre-diet = 78.3 ± 13.7; post-diet = 66.1 ± 10.3). The study noted that there is a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05) for the following indicators: Vitamin D, Total cholesterol, and group B for calcium assay. The study revealed that the results were non-significant between groups for parameters: IL1α, IL17, hs-CRP, Tg, HDL, and group A for calcium assay.

To study Influence of seed and transplants inoculation with some bio fertilizers on growth and yield of Cucumber crop under green house conditions. Experiment was laid out in Split-Split Plot Design with three replicates where biofertilizers was main plots and included (B0) without adding any Bio- fertilizer (control), (B1), Mix (B2), Pseudomonas fluorescence (B3)Mix + Pseudomonas fluorescence (B4)Mycorrhiza (B5)Mix + Mycorrhiza (B6), Pseudomonas fluorescence+Mycorrhiza (B7) and Mix + Pseudomonas fluorescence + Mycorrhiza (B8) and methods of adding Bio- fertilizers (A) was sub-plots and included seeds (A1) and transplants (A2) and varieties (V) was sub-sub-plots, included Sief (V1) Samar(V2) . The results showed that biofertilizers (B7) treatment significantly increased in plant height, yield.plant-1 and yield.house-1 reached 182.7cm, 2164 g and 3246 kg respectively . whereas , interaction between varieties and biofertilizers showed significant increase inV1B7 treatment which gave197.5 cm,2519 g and 3779 kg respectively .as well as, interaction among methods of adding ,varieties and biofertilizers showed significant increase in A2V1B7 treatment which gave 201.7 cm , 2788 g and 4183 kg respectively.

The leaves of Stevia The COVID-19 epidemic has presented serious difficulties for healthcare professionals, especially those working in dentistry and medical facilities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, is a high-risk infection in hospital settings since it is known to spread via respiratory droplets and aerosols. The purpose of this review paper is to determine whether preprocedural mouthwashes significantly lower the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission during dental and medical procedures. in addition, antiseptics including Povidone-iodine, CPC, Benzalkonium Chloride, and Aromatic oils may indeed be capable of eliminating SARS-CoV2 by focusing on the virus's lipid envelope, that according in vitro study, as well as clinical experiments indicate that preprocedural mouthwashes potentially help to reduce intraoral viral load and infectivity in COVID-19 patients, but more research is required to verify this. Other infection control methods, such as PPE, high-volume evacuation (HVE), and air filtration, can also assist in minimizing SARS-CoV2 transmission during operations. The RT-qPCR alone is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of preprocedural mouthwashes against SARS-CoV2 transmission. Future research should also take into account employing supplementary techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of preprocedural mouthwashes, such as determining the virus's survival in cell cultures or using animal models to research the virus' transmission. Further research is needed to determine the best combination of infection control measures to reduce SARS-CoV2 transmission in healthcare settings, but preprocedural mouthwashes may be a simple, low-cost strategy to reduce transmission risk during dental and medical procedures, especially in high-risk patients.

Treating fungus-related plant diseases, biological control is an efficient and environmental friendly. It could be a substitute for addition to conventional pesticides, Plant diseases drastically reduced productivity and quality of agricultural yields by severely damaging or destroying crops all over the world. In this review, the antagonistic activity of bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents was discussed.The various fungal genera and bacteria have several use in both the natural and commercial worlds. In addition to their significant roles in the ecosystem, the antagonistic features of the fungal and bacterial species have been exploited as biological control agents (BCA) in the treatment of plant diseases. The ability of fungal biological control agents (FBCAs) to prevent disease is comparable to the use of synthetic chemicals, it is necessary to consider the availability of synthetic pesticides that are secured, environmentally friendly, and financially viable. It is thought that using microorganisms for biological management of pests is a practical strategy that can significantly reduce the negative effects of agrochemicals in soil. This study covers fungi and bacteria genera as BCA and calls for modifications to research and development to improve PDM. For increasing crop yield in sustainable agriculture.

This review included resistant starch and its health aspects due to its importance in our diet as it has enormous benefits, especially for people who suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes, cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Moreover, resistant starch is an important component in the meals of people who follow a diet to lose weight as it has complex carbohydrates which are difficult to digest. Resistant starch is used in the prevention of intestinal inflammation and some cancerous diseases due to its ability to enhance the work of beneficial bacteria in the intestine and thus prevent colon and rectal cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical properties of resistant starch, which include odour, colour and viscosity, in addition to its chemical composition including amylose and amylopectin, and to identify the structure and shape of the starch granule. Some methods of forming resistant starch of its five types from some plant sources such as wheat, oats, corn, rice, potatoes, legumes, etc. were also reviewed, and the possibility of increasing its percentage in these sources through a series of sequential processes such as cooking, then cooling and freezing.

Purpose: Dialysis is a common treatment used for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), where a dialysis filter is used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood. The choice of dialysis filter can significantly impact the biochemical parameters of patients undergoing dialysis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cuprophane dialysis filter on the biochemical parameters of 100 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing three consecutive dialysis sessions at Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Iraq.Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 200 individuals, including 100 patients with CKD at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Iraq and 100 control subjects who were matched for age and gender as healthy control group. Samples were taken both before and immediately after three consecutive hemodialysis sessions for the CKD patients. Twenty blood parameters were measured for each sample using standard laboratory methods. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of each parameter were calculated, and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were used to determine the significance of differences between pre- and post-dialysis values.Results: Before dialysis, the patients had significantly higher levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, potassium, glucose, uric acid, and total bilirubin, and significantly lower levels of serum total protein (STP) compared to the control group. After three dialysis sessions, the patients had significantly increased levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), while the D.bilirubin level showed no significant difference compared to the control group.In contrast, after three dialysis sessions, the patients had significantly decreased levels of serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, sodium, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin (T.Bilirubin). Furthermore, the results indicated that the Cuprophane dialysis filter had differential effects on the levels of certain parameters before and after dialysis.Specifically, the dialysis membranes increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased the levels of uric acid, serum potassium (S.K+), urea, and chloride (Cl-) to below the values of the control group, and reduced the high levels of Cr and Glu. These reductions brought the levels of creatinine and glucose to the control group levels after dialysis.Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of Cuprophane dialysis filter in chronic kidney disease patients led to significant changes in various biochemical parameters. The results highlight the importance of considering the type of dialysis filter used and monitoring the biochemical parameters of patients undergoing dialysis..

The current study was conducted in the Fungi Research Laboratory, Department of biology, College of Sciences, University of Anbar , the study included collecting 93 samples of infected fruits (fruits and vegetables) in Cold stores for different regions of Al- Anbar province. The fungi that contaminated the fruits were isolated and characterized microscopically and molecularly, and aqueous plant extracts and dry powders were prepared of Eugenia flowers for the purpose of studying their effect on radial growth and pathogenicity of these contaminated fungi, Aspergillus flavus و Aspergillus niger ، Neurospora crassa This was done by using the method of poisoning the food medium PDA with concentration 10%, 20%,30% v/v for aqueous extract and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/ml for dry powder of Eugenia powder, to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extracts and dry powder against contaminated fungi. The fungicidal effect Topsin M 70% was also tested with concentration 0.02 mg/ml of PDA. The active chemical compounds of the plant extracts have been detected using several chemical reagents and by using GC MASS technology for aqueous extracts and the pH value was determined also.
The results showed that the aqueous extract of Eugenia flowers inhibited the radial growth of contaminated fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Neurosporo crassa Where the highest inhibition percentage was reached when the concentration was 30% v/v and gave 6, 6, 5.6 mm respectivily with inhibition ratio 85.7, 85.7, 93.4 % with significant differences from the control treatment at probability level 0.05.
Also the results showed, Eugenia dry powder, it gave an effective inhibition towards the isolated fungi, A. niger, A.flavus, N. crassa.
The results showed the ability of Eugenia dry powder to stimulate resistance in tomato fruits before and after infection with fungi, at an incubation temperature of 11º c. Pre-inoculated with these Neurosporo crassa and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger contaminated fungi and beyond. The superiority of Eugenia dry powder in the pre-inoculation treatment in reducing the severity of the infection with the contaminated fungus, as it gave the highest effectiveness in reducing the severity of the infection with N.crassa, amounting to 26.6%, compared to the control treatment, which gave an infiction severity 80%.
The results of the qualitative chemical detection indicated the active compounds in the plant extract, The extract contain many effective compounds with antifungal activity such as alkaloids, resins, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, glycosides, Terpenes, flavonoids and fucoumarins.
GC-MS results showed that Eugenia extract contains many active chemical compounds that are attributed to antifungal activity, such as euginol and thymoquinone.

Micro-extraction techniques with UV-Vis measurement have been developed and validated for the analysis of Cefixime (CFX) in pure and pharmaceutical form. In this work, the DLLME and SIHLLME methods were employed for the extraction, enrichment and evaluation of CFX in pure form and pharmaceuticals using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 274 and 282 nm, respectively. The type of dispersive and extraction solvents and their volumes, pH, the amount of salt, and the centrifuging time were among the experimental variables that were accomplished. Under the perfect conditions, the procedures were linear in the range of 5.0-100.0 and 1.0-15.0 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9963 and 0.9984 for DLLME and SIHLLME, respectively, LOD was 3.7 and 0.11 µg/mL. Recovery of the target analyte in pharmaceuticals was 96.5%-102.4%. The method can be easily applied to CFX concentrations above this value, but needs further improvements before it can be used in pharmacokinetic studies where more sensitive methods can be found. A simple, inexpensive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric assay of CFX in pharmaceutical formulations was developed and validated following DLLME and SIHLLME for routine analysis.

In this research, a theoretical investigation of the effect of shell (Si, Pt, Ni) on some optical properties for the core of Iron oxide Fe2O3 as a coaxial nano wire using the scattering approximation (Mie-Lorentz Scattering theory). Thickness value of (Si, Pt, Ni) shell was limited to about ( 5 nm) and Fe2O3 core diameter of 20 nm. The work showed that the coaxial nano wires have a very high transmittance in the visible spectrum region. The values of transmittance are more than 95% for Fe2O3 core only and (Fe2O3-Si) core-shell. In construct, the compound of fe2O3-Pt and fe2O3-Ni show a low transmittance in the same region. Absorbance and low absorption coefficient of Fe2O3 and fe2O3-Si in the infrared spectrum with the appearance of two absorption edges of Fe2O3-Si. The energy gap decreases after adding (Si, Pt, Ni) shell as this in a good agreement with some experimental researches where the values of the energy gap for (fe2O3-Si), Fe2O3-Pt, and Fe2O3-Ni were (2.4, 2, 1.7) ev respectively

In the previous few decades, nanocomposites including epoxy risen-clay nanoparticles systems were proven possibility to have developed properties over original matrices. The environmental conditions, which surround the nanocomposite systems, have a scientific effect on their properties during using them for a long time. Therefore, studying the effect of environmental conditions associated with adding clay nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites is important to achieve the requirement of the applications. Nanocomposites are utilized in substructure applications and experience mechanical loads and thermal effects when they are exposed to environmental surrounding conditions which are included electromagnetic ultraviolet (UV) energy, humidity or wetness, water absorbance, and some alkaline solutions. These materials are showed their ability to barrier the environmental surrounding effects. Diffuse the liquids in nanocomposite systems has been established by different approaches (models). The review study involves the research effort performed on nanocomposite (epoxy-clay nanoparticles) under some environmental issues such as moisture or water properties and their diffusion into nanocomposite, exposure to various environments: radiation in the range of UV, temperature, and humidity. The current developments are additionally discussed.

To differentiate the potential of graphene sensors, research into how the grafted particles interact with the graphene sheet is essential. We employed calculations based on the "density functional theory DFT,”to analyze the characteristics of native and Pt-grafted graphene sheets with NH3 gas adsorption on their surface. Our goal is to determine how will the material may serve as a gas sensor. Increased charge transfer was seen after NH3 gas molecules were adsorbed on the surface of Pt-decorated graphene that was significantly larger, smaller intermolecular distance, and had higher orbital hybridization as compared to virgin graphene. also, that they showed excellent sensitivity to ammonia (NH3) at room temperatures.

Setting a border with the proper gray level in processing images to separate objects from their backgrounds is crucial. One of the simplest and most popular methods of segmenting pictures is histogram-based thresholding. Thresholding is a common technique for image segmentation because of its simplicity. Thresholding is used to separate the Background of the image from the Foreground. There are many methods of thresholding. This paper aims to review many previous studies and mention the types of thresholding. It includes two types: the global and local thresholding methods and each type include a group of methods. The global thresholding method includes (the Otsu method, Kapur's entropy method, Tsallis entropy method, Hysteresis method, and Fuzzy entropy method), and the local thresholding method includes ( Ni-Black method and Bernsen method). The optimization algorithms(Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Bat Algorithm, Modified Grasshopper Optimization, Firefly Algorithm, Cuckoo Search, Tabu Search Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, and Jaya Algorithm) used along with thresholding methods are also illustrated.

Thresholding is a method for region-based image segmentation, which is important in image processing applications such as object recognition Multilevel. Thresholding is used to find multiple threshold values. Image segmentation plays a significant role in image analysis and pattern recognition. While threshold techniques traditionally are quite well for bi-level thresholding algorithms, multilevel thresholding for color images may have too much processing complexity. Swarm intelligence methods are frequently employed to minimize the complexity of constrained optimization problems applicable to multilevel thresholding and segmentation of color (RGB) images; In this paper, the hybrid Jaya algorithm with the SA algorithm was proposed to solve the problem of computational complexity in multilevel thresholding. This work uses Otsu method, Kapur entropy and Tsallis method as techniques to find optimal values of thresholds at different levels of color images as the target Tasks Experiments were performed on 5 standardized color images and 3 grayscale images as far as optimal threshold values are concerned, Statistical methods were used to measure the performance of the threshold methods and to select the better threshold, namely, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), SSIM (Structural Similarity Index), FSIM (Feature Similarity Index) and values of objective at many levels. The experimental results indicate that the presenter's Jaya and Simulated Annealing (JSA) method is better than other methods for segmenting color (RGB) images with multiple threshold levels. On the other hand, the Tsallis entropy of the cascade was found to be more robust and accurate in segmenting color images at multiple levels.

In this study, the problems of accurate exemplification and a trustworthy test for judging DNA base-calling were discussed. The study of this problem was done by utilizing a model to gather data and develop a suitable design according to the problem's criteria. The height, peakness, and spacing of the first most likely candidate (the base), as well as the peakness and height of the second most likely candidate, are the three input variables in our model. By gathering data from base calling, these three attributes may be computed in the three subsystems and utilized in the main system to calculate the analysis value for each base in DNA sequencing. The MATLAB program was used to create this model. It's looking into applying the neuro fuzzy algorithm to solve the problem. These methods are delivering successful outcomes with high workplace performance and easy access to very precise data.

The accelerated development of network technology and internet applications has increased the significance of protecting digital data and images from unauthorized access and manipulation. The secret image-sharing network (SIS) is a crucial technique used to protect private digital photos from illegal editing and copying. SIS can be classified into two types: single-secret sharing (SSS) and multi-secret sharing (MSS). In SSS, a single secret image is divided into multiple shares, while in MSS, multiple secret images are divided into multiple shares. Both SSS and MSS ensure that the original secret images cannot be reconstructed without the correct combination of shares. Therefore, several secret image-sharing methods have been developed depending on these two methods for example visual cryptography, steganography, discrete wavelet transform, watermarking, and threshold. All of these techniques are capable of randomly dividing the secret image into a large number of shares, each of which cannot provide any information to the intrusion team. This study examined various visual secret-sharing schemes as unique examples of participant secret-sharing methods. Several structures that generalize and enhance VSS were also discussed in this study on covert image-sharing protocols and also this research also gives a comparative analysis of several methods based on various attributes in order to better concentrate on the future directions of the secret image. Generally speaking, the image quality generated employing developed methodologies is preferable to the image quality achieved through using the traditional visual secret-

In this paper, a fractional degree cubic spline scheme is proposed and analyzed for fractional order with the multi-term Riemann–Liouvile (R–L) derivatives. For the integral and fractional differential equations, we handle fractional continuity equations and attain a system of linear algebraic equations by using the matrix method based on piecewise linear test functions. The scheme is to solve the fractional initial value problems to approximate the solution of the fractional equation with spline approximation by using Reimann–Liouvile derivative. In order to obtain a fully discrete method, the standard spline approximation is used to discrete the spatial derivative with continuity conditions that suitable for the scheme method and provided the model is unique and exist for all interval which are appeared in that scheme for the function and all derivatives with fractional order. The convergence analysis is rigorously proved by the spline method. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of numerical solutions for linear systems are proved strictly. Numerical results confirm the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the method.

The Emden-Fowler equation (E-F.Eq.) used in mathematical with other science like physics, chemical physics and astrophysics, also this equation can be reduces to the Lane–Emden equation with specified function and used it in different sciences with mathematics. Many Authors study analytic and numerical methods to find the solution for this kind of the equations in the case linear or nonlinear one of these methods the homotopy-perturbation method.
In this work the approximate solution for generalized (E-F.Eq.) in the second order ordinary differential equations was found by Galerkin method which is one of the weighted residual methods and do not need long time also use operator (linear or nonlinear) or differential operator in the any kind of the intervals and compared this solution with the exact solution by discuss the results from applying this method for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous equations and drown the solutions in the same figure to illustrate the resul

The concept of bounded set within this set or space is given by many authors. A bornology is defined on soft set to solve the problems of boundedness for the soft set. Also, we construct soft base and soft subbase as a part of fundamental construction for bornological soft sets. Furthermore, It is a natural to study fundamental construction for bornological soft sets, such as soft subspace, product soft bornology and soft bornological isomorphism. Additionally, a family of bornological soft sets can be a partial ordered set by partial ordered relation and we prove that the intersection of bornological soft sets is bornological soft sets but the union of bornological soft sets is not necessary to be bornological soft sets. The left-right translation is soft bornological isomorphism and the product of bornological soft sets are bornological soft sets. Finally, generate soft bornological structure whose elements are soft unbounded sets.

The Upper Oligocene – Middle Miocene succession in Wadi Heglan, western Iraq was carried out to study microfacies and paleoenvironment. The Anah and Euphrates formations are exposed in this section. Anah Formation consists of massive, coralline, and dolomitic limestone, while the Euphrates Formation consists of massive and become well bedded upwards, obvious porous, marly, and dolomitic limestone. The abundance of benthic foraminifera and other fossils within these facies, the appropriate paleoenvironment for the Anah and Euphrates formations were determined. The reef and back-reef environments are recognized Anah Formation and the restricted to open marine environments are recognized Euphrates Formation. The Anah Formation exposed in this section by long episode of high stand trace (HST) which represent fall sea level of back-reef facies, while Euphrates Formation was deposited during three fourth-order cycles (A, B, and C), these cycles represent a succession episode of sea level rises (TST) and stillstands (HST). These sequences are bounded by two type-1 sequence boundary SB1. The area of study show very low rate of subsidence according to sequence development and the main factors that affect the study area is the fluctuation of eustatic sea level..

The clays of Injana formation are exposed in Al-Anbar Governorate-western Iraq. The aims of this study is evaluating the physical and chemical properties etc. and comparing the results with the standard specifications to indicate its suitability to ceramic industries. (13) mixtures were prepared differ from it by additions of different percent of sand and burn in four temperatures (850, 950, 1000, 1100) C° to show what is the best mixture and best burning temperature that lead to results close to standards specifications. The results of physical examinations are range between , Linear shrinkage (-0.5–0.92), Apparent porosity (11.1-35.7), efflorescence (nil to medium), compressive strength (16.1-30) Nt./mm2. The main oxides for study area are range between , SiO2 (36.15-45.10), Al2O3 (8.64-14.05), CaO (17.05-24.79), Fe2O3 (0-7.25), TiO2 (0.69-1.01), K2O (1.61-3.14), Na2O (0.32-2.11), SO3 (0.23-1.32) and Cl (0-0.47). The best burning temperature is 950C°. The engineering test results (Atterberg limit) shows that the clays of study area have super plasticity depending on classification of (Budinkov,1964), i.e. this clays can be formed and take on a plasticity suitable for ceramic industries. By comparing the results of physical properties of fired brick with the Iraqi standard specification No. 25 for year 1988, showing the clays of study area are suitable for brick industry with category class (A) Except the sample G5,G6 are failed for brick industry because using red sand that mixed with clay, which this sand contain the salts that failure the sample..

The current study including microfacies analysis and depositional environment aspects of (10) rock samples from Euphrates Formation in outcrop location is at Al-Baghdadi city, with a thickness of this formation 19 meters, It is consists of gray, hard, porous, weathered, Peloidal, and dolomitic limestone. The layer of basal Conglomerate with a thickness of about 6 meters in the study outcrop, which consists of calcareous Conglomerate of different sizes, indicates a stratigraphic unconformity, which is the contact between the Miocene and Oligocene formations. The age of this formation is lower Miocene. The formation within this section is rich in benthic foraminifera and other types of fossils such as corals, echinoderms, and pelecypoda. In this study, determine three main types of microfacies were distinguished in this Formation, namely: peloidal lime grainstone, lime wackstone, dolostone. By studying the microfacies types and abundance of benthic foraminifera and other species, the depositional environment of Euphrates Formation was deduced, which represents a restricted marine.