Basrah Journal of Science

This research developed Hyper halfnormal distribution (HHND) and Beta-hyper halfnormal distribution (BHHND). The statistical properties of those distributions were studied and BHHND is found to have bathtube hazard function. The distributions are fitted to lifetime data that seemed to have bathtube distribution. From the analysis, the definition of HHND depends on the value of p and q (mixing proportion) and coefficient of variation. For q > p, we have Hyper halfnormal and it is Hypo-halfnormal if otherwise. The BHHND is useful in modeling heavily skewed, non-normal data with bathtube hazard function.

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and prove some fixed point (F.P) theorems by using a generalized condition (B) in ordered partial metric space. Our results improve and unify a multitude of (F.P) theorems and generalize some recent results in ordered partial metric space.

This research proposes a new weighted Halfnormal Distributuion (W-HND); the model is built by using the weighting function to add the weighted parameter to the classical Halfnormal distribution. The W-HND has been characterized with heavily tail and leptokurtic, with increasing value of the weighted parameter; the distribution is tending to symmetry thus making the W-HND accurate in modelling both heavily tailed and lightly tailed data. The W-HND is fitted to the data obtained via molecular dynamics simulation, in which two drug candidates (Ligands) called Streptomycin and Abacavir were subjected to molecular docking (in-silico study); their binding effect on HIV protein receptors was studied, and the mean binding affinity for Streptomycin (6.61708 kcal/mol) shows a great binding effect as compared to Abacavir (6.246396 kcal/mol). Performance criteria such as Akaike information (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) were used as established standard for selecting best performing model; in this case, WHND performs efficiently as compared to Lognormal and Weibull Model

In this study, a time stepping Taylor Galerkin/pressure correction finite element scheme is employed to treat incompressible Newtonian flows. In this context, Navier-Stoke partial differential equations have been used to describe the motion of the fluid. The equations consist of a time-dependent continuity equation for conservation of mass and time-dependent conservation of momentum equations. Examples considered include a start-up of Poiseuille, flow in a axisymmetric rectangular channel for the Newtonian fluid. This test is conducted by taking a circular section of the pipe. The critical level of number is investigated under the effect of various parameters. Moreover, the effect of viscosity variation and the boundary maximum axial velocity that imposed at the inlet upon the solution is studied as well. In this manner, the findings reveal that, there is a significant effect from viscosity variation and value on the level of number such that the extremely limit of number that can be reached was around with and . In contrast, the results shown that the influence of viscosity variation was an opposite of what that was in the case of number situation, where the high viscosity gave high level of density. The influence of geometry design on the level of pressure drop and pressure coefficient is covered in this article.

The random Laplace and Fourier transforms are very important tools to solve random heat problems. Unfortunately, it is difficult to use these random integral transforms for solving the fractional random heat problems, where the mean square conformable fractional derivative is used to express for the time fractional derivative. Therefore, this work adopts the extension of the random Laplace transform into random fractional Laplace transform in order to solve this kind of heat problems. The stochastic process solution of the fractional random heat in an infinite medium is investigated by using random fractional Laplace transform together with random Fourier transform. The mean and the standard diffusion of the stochastic process solution is computed for different value of fractional order. When α = 1, the results show agree with the available results in the references context.

Synthetic wastewater and other untreated water must be treated to allow for drainage into rivers and re-use later. Adsorption focuses on the importance of means of extracting synthetic and inorganic contaminants from water. Research for products that are available and inexpensive to use as adsorbents. Sewage sludge can be used to eliminate the dye Bismarck brown R. the impact of different empirical determinants such as contact time, temperature, solution pH, the weight of adsorbents, initial dye concentration, and ionic strength were implemented. The adsorption experiments involved all these equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics. The implementation of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was examined at various temperatures, and the Langmuir isotherm showed better suitability with experimental results. the thermodynamic determinants showed that the adsorption was an automatic practicability )∆G was negative), the positive value of (∆H) was investigated endothermically and (∆S) was positive value (random), The kinetic information c shows that the adsorption of Bismarck brown R with activated sewage sludge belongs to the pseudo-second-order kinetics.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and symmetric disease. In order to avoid joint destruction and reduce requires knowledge of the vital components causing the disease; so it is essential to start early in diagnosis and suitable treatment. Although clinical symptoms and results of radiographic help to identify and measure the activity of RA disease, biochemical markers also act as indicators of early diagnosis of the disease activity. So it is therefore the diagnosis of the disease in an early stage must choose a strong relationship with the disease. One of the vital signs related to rheumatoid arthritis is adenosine deaminase (ADA). The destruction of adenosine by the adenosine pathway facilitates a series of infections such as rheumatoid arthritis. So there are many questions that come to our mind namely. Can the level of adenosine activity (ADA) be a biomarker of the distinction between RA patients and controls? Can adenosine deaminase be a biomarker indicator for diagnosing of rheumatoid arthritis at the stage early pre-radiographically? And, does adenosine deaminase activity give an indication of the disease activity? In this review article, we're going to show the studies that pointed to those questions.

Nahr Umr formation in the oilfield of Luhais in southern Iraq is one of productive clastic reservoirs which formed during the secondary Alpine cycle. To cover the objectives of this study, twenty two wells were selected to evaluate the reservoir characteristics of the Nahr Umr formation in Luhais oilfield in southern Iraq. The petrophysical characteristics (Shale Volume (Vsh), Bulk volume hydrocarbon (BVH), Hydrocarbon saturation (Sh), Water saturation (Sw), thickness, Bulk water volume (BVW), porosity (φ ) were calculated and interpreted using the Geolog software. The Nahr Umr Formation was divided into three main reservoir units based on their petrophysical properties, these units are: Upper Nahr Umr reservoir unit, Middle Nahr Umr reservoir unit and Lower Nahr Umr reservoir unit. It was found that the best reservoir units in terms of hydrocarbon saturation and production are the middle Nahr Umr reservoir unit.

Gypsum rocks of the Fatha Formation in Zurbatiyah area, eastern Iraq were studied in terms of mineralogy and petrography. Mineralogically, X-ray diffractometry results reveal that gypsum rocks are predominantly composed of gypsum minerals with minor amounts of calcite, anhydrite, bassanite and dolomite minerals. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that gypsum rocks have rich inclusions with (Mg) in some samples. Fatha gypsum rocks have higher thickness in the succession of formations with marl, clay and limestone forming multi cyclic deposition. The thickness of Fatha formation in the studied area reaches 525 m. Petrographical and textural analyses reveal the common petrographical texture types of gypsum, alabastrine, satinspar, selenite, porphyroblastic, blocky, and columnar gypsum textures reflect evolutionary alterations in relationships such as crystallization and recrystallization of gypsum rocks. The secondary hydration of anhydrite to gypsum and other alteration changes refer to shallow marine, supra-tidal and continental environments in the Fatha Formation.

Renal bone disease is one of the metabolic disorders in renal failure patients that causes morbidity. The aim was to study the biomarkers and the incidence of renal osteodystrophy (bone turnover diseases) in hemodialysis patients. Method: 50 females’ patients from Al Basra-Teaching Hospital in Iraq who maintained hemodialysis (at least 1 year) and healthy females (n=30) as a comparison group were included. Serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and some bone parameters were tested. Results: a significant decrease in serum vitamin D in female patients under dialysis (12.770 ng/ml) compared to the control group (20.8167 ng/ml). Osteocalcin levels increased in patients (54.3114 ng/ml) compared to the healthy group. In general, the PTH level was elevated significantly in dialysis patients (262.211pg/ml), and an elevation in ALP level (221.084IU/L) was also found. The patients, according to their PTH level, showed renal bone disease. About 30 females’ patients (60%) revealed high bone turnover, followed by 20 patients (40%) with low bone turnover disease. Conclusion: deficiency in vitamin D with incidence of renal osteodystrophy in female hemodialysis patients.

Three precursor solutions of spinel zinc ferrite were successfully fabricated via a rapid and simple route (microwave combustion), followed by calcination at a temperature of 500 oC for three hours. The raw materials used in the preparation these spinel samples were ferric and zinc nitrate salts, while glycine was used as fuel. The phase purity and crystal lattice parameters were estimated via XRD. The particle size and morphologies for synthesized powdered samples are shown by field emission-scanning electron microscopy images (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were us to study the vibration mode in synthesized spinel ferrite. The results for synthesized samples showed that there is a remarkable change in phase purity, crystal lattice parameter, particle size, and morphologies with calcination. Results of XRD refer to cubic spinel - structure with space group Fd3m. The average crystallite size increases when Glycine –to-nitrate ratio is decreased. It is increase from 15.8 nm to 26.53 nm and from 23.03 nm to 28.16 nm for the as–synthesized samples and calcinated at 500 °C, respectively. As well, the results of XRD show that the average lattice constants are changed from (8.407 to 8.391) ˚A and then they increase from (8.391 to 8.427) ˚A for the synthesized samples. However, the calcination results in an increase in average crystallite size and average lattice constant. FE-SEM image indicated that the particles of zinc ferrite possess shape symmetry and uniformity.