Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

The research dealt with the topic of anthropology and secondary education because of the great importance of this topic, especially at the present time with the spread of technological development and the use of social media that have become an integral part of our daily lives, as anthropology and some other human specializations did not receive sufficient attention in the pre-university stages if compared to some of the many other specializations that took up a large space in the interests of intermediate and preparatory studies, so the research focused on the need to give great importance to anthropology in the secondary stage because this specialization has a direct impact on the life and culture of human societies by shedding light on many of the problems facing society and its individuals and finding effective solutions for them, and also through this specialization, specialists can preserve the category of youth and students in secondary schools and guide them to follow methods of good behavior, so our research came to shed light on the importance of introducing anthropology as an important subject at this stage by using the descriptive approach, as the research dealt with several topics, including defining some terms, fields of anthropology, and addressing the purpose of education, the content of education and expected results

Italy did not have significant power during that period. On the contrary, it was suffering from internal deterioration, due to divisions and disintegration, in addition to economic suffering, due to the Austrian occupation of it. However, it began, through some patriots, to work to unify Italy and obtain... Its freedom, and after Italian unity was achieved in 1871, Italy began to establish its institutions, enter into the international arena, and began to participate with the great powers in political decisions for the sake of international competition. Indeed, it began to have new colonies in order to transfer its problems abroad, and it took control of Somalia and Libya. And then entered World War I.

Shahrour is one of the contemporary thinkers who began to call for a break with traditional jurisprudence, as he sees that there is a crisis in the inherited Islamic jurisprudence and interpretation, which is no longer able to keep pace with the developments taking place in contemporary reality and solve its problems. Therefore, he began to call for presenting a contemporary, innovative reading based on the cognitive foundation, time, place, and scientific progress. Therefore, he worked on employing terminology and formulated it in a way that is consistent with our information and circumstances in the twentieth century.

Political participation is the essence of true democracy and one of the most important aspects of political work in general, as it represents the vital foundation for citizens and the actual application of their participation in power at various levels and in influencing decision-making and shaping the future of their society. Political participation is manifested in several forms, from elections and ballots to public discussions and peaceful demonstrations, and requires enhancing transparency and equality of opportunity, in addition to providing platforms for the free and effective expression of political opinions and positions. Political participation is also a means of communication with the ruling political elite and what is happening in the political context. It emerged strongly after 2003 and the transformation of the institutional political system from totalitarianism to democracy. The Iraqi political system produced scenes and behaviors in light of the information and technology revolution, which has become a focus for democratic and political transformations through its reflection on the citizen's relationship with political authority, which is one of the most important foundations on which the democratic process and the rule of the people are based, and the embodiment of the practical reality of that relationship between the ruler and the ruled. In this chapter, we will address the stages of political participation, its dynamics, and the trends affecting it, in addition to the means of political participation and its types, and then the relationship between communication technology and political participation.

The research aimed to identify the topics of Iraqi concern that were covered by international news websites represented by the CNN Arabic 24 website, and to reveal the types of press coverage, identify journalistic arts, and shed light on the sources used by the news website in its coverage of these topics, in addition to knowing the various media that the website employed in the coverage process, using the survey method with its descriptive and analytical aspects. The researcher also used the content analysis tool by applying it to (106) topics using the comprehensive inventory method of the research community represented by the news website for the period from 1/1/ to 31/12/2022. Among the most prominent results reached by the researcher, the website focused on political topics in the first place during the study period, as this category of topics obtained a percentage of 61% on the (CNN) website. The website relied on neutral press coverage in the content of its coverage of Iraqi topics, as the category obtained a percentage of 65% on the (CNN) website. The news story came in first place with a percentage of 88% on the CNN website.

This study aims to measure productivity and analyze the factors influencing it in the technical procedures departments of three central university libraries: the libraries of the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriya University, and the Iraqi University. It also seeks to identify the productive role of technical services through aspects such as (productivity efficiency), (collaboration and teamwork), (satisfaction and resources), (administrative support and training), (time and resource management), (use of technology), and (service quality) in public university libraries in Baghdad from the perspective of their staff. Additionally, the study examines differences in the productive role of technical services in public university libraries in Baghdad based on staff age, educational qualifications, years of service, and university affiliation.
To achieve these objectives, the study employed a descriptive analytical approach, using various tools for data collection, including personal interviews, observation, and questionnaires. The study population consisted of staff members working in the technical procedures departments of these libraries. Various statistical methods were utilized, and the SPSS program was employed to analyze and interpret the results.
The study yielded several findings, most notably:
Measurement of overall productivity in the libraries under study revealed varying productivity levels. The central library of Al-Mustansiriya University ranked first with a high productivity ratio of 1.046 < 1 based on the standard.
The central library of the University of Baghdad (Jadiriyah) ranked last with a productivity ratio of 0.045 > 1, which is considered low according to the standard.
The study concluded with several recommendations, including:
Introducing a system of incentives, whether material or moral, to encourage staff to excel in performance and participate in the development of library services.
Employing additional specialized personnel to enhance the current team and reduce workload on staff.
Organizing regular training courses aimed at improving efficiency and enhancing the quality of technical services provided.

The aim of this research was to examine how Arabic electronic newspapers addressed the topics related to the Al-Aqsa Flood operation by highlighting the main media frameworks used and identifying the most prominent journalistic genres employed. The research also aimed to identify the active forces highlighted by Arabic electronic newspapers in their journalistic coverage. The researcher reached several findings, including: The humanitarian concerns framework ranked first, followed by the conflict framework in second place, the responsibility framework in third, the economic framework in fourth, the causal framework in fifth, and the legal framework in sixth. The results and solutions framework came in seventh place. Internal forces ranked first, while external forces ranked second. The news genre ranked first, followed by investigative reports in second, and reports in third. The article ranked fourth, followed by the column in fifth place.

This study comes to shed light on an important idea from the life of the prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace), as the trip to Taif was a great turning point in the path of the Islamic call in its Meccan phase towards success when the people of Yathrib from Aws and Khazraj believed in Islam and for that reason the prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) left. ) to Taif to invite its people and to find a reason for the call to Islam after the infidels of Quraish besieged it and severely harmed it. In this study, the researcher tried to confirm that the prophet’s (may God bless him and grant him peace) trip to Taif was not spontaneous or improvised, and no calculation was made of its results. Rather, the study tried to confirm that This trip came to meet the needs of the Islamic call and its jihadist journey against the pillars of polytheism and paganism wherever and wherever they may be.

The Gezira Project is regarded as one of the most prominent agricultural irrigation projects that laid the foundation of the Sudanese economy, becoming a key pillar in establishing the country’s economic infrastructure. It served as a vital resource, supplying both the domestic and global markets with essential materials needed for the food industries, which have impacted the lives of Sudanese citizens since 1911.
This study highlights the major challenges faced by the British administration that initially hindered the project's implementation and examines its stages of development from 1911 to 1976. It also assesses the economic and social benefits provided to the Sudanese people following the project’s success in the region between the Nile and Blue Nile rivers. Specifically, the project aimed to achieve comprehensive economic development by relying on available water resources and labor. This initiative created numerous job opportunities for Sudanese citizens and contributed to an increase in the gross national income.

In the light of the above mentioned, the researcher tried to know the correlation between Cognitive independence, quality of decision-making among students of the College of Education for Humanities through several objectives represented in identifying the following:
1. Cognitive independence among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Babylon.
2. The quality of decision-making among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Babylon.
3. The correlation between cognitive independence and the quality of decision-making among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Babylon.
The current research sample consisted of (100) male and female students for the academic year (2023-2024 AD) who were selected randomly with a proportional distribution from the research community, with (28) males and (72) females from the research sample (students of the College of Education for Humanities, University of Babylon). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted a scale to measure cognitive independence in light of the theory of cognitive independence by Beckert (2007), which in its final form consists of (30) items, and adopted a scale to measure the quality of decision-making in light of the theory of quality of decision-making by Krumboltz (1996). Its final form consists of (24) items after extracting their psychometric characteristics. In order to ascertain the suitability of the two research scales for students of the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Babylon, the researcher extracted their validity and reliability, as the validity of the scale was confirmed by (apparent validity), while the stability of the scale was extracted by means of the retest method and the split-half method, and the stability of the scale was reached. Cognitive independence was mediated by retest (0.77), while its reliability using the split-half method was (0.89). The degree of reliability of the decision-making quality scale was (0.75) by the retest method, and the reliability degree by the split-half method was (0.88). After ensuring the validity and reliability of the two research measures, the researcher extracted the research results using a set of statistical methods, which were represented by the use of a one-sample t-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the t-test for the significance of the correlation coefficient.
The current research reached the following results:
1. The students of the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Babylon have the cognitive independence.
2. Students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Babylon, have the quality of decision-making.
3. There is a positive correlation between cognitive independence and the quality of decision-making among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Babylon, amounting to (0.526).
Based on what the results of the current research showed, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.
Based upon the results of the current study, the researcher presents a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The study aimed to explore the frameworks for addressing the phenomenon of drug abuse in Iraqi electronic journalism. The research population consisted of the Al-Mada Iraqi newspaper website, and the topics on this site were selected using a comprehensive enumeration method for a period of six months, from January 1, 2024, to June 30, 2024. The total number of topics related to the phenomenon of drugs during this period amounted to 71. The researcher chose Al-Mada newspaper as the study population because it is an independent daily Iraqi newspaper that continues to be published. Accordingly, the researcher designed a content analysis form, and the study results revealed that the most prominent topic addressed by the Al-Mada electronic newspaper is the arrest of drug dealers. It also showed that the majority of those involved in drug-related crimes are Iraqi nationals and that the primary factor contributing to the spread of drugs in Iraq is the lack of adequate deterrence or formal punishment. The journalistic coverage emphasized opening rehabilitation centers and clinics as the best solution to reduce the dangers of this phenomenon. The study also recommends the establishment of specialized psychological health clinics for treating addicts, equipping them with psychological specialists, and encouraging patients and users to seek treatment.

Since ancient times, women have participated alongside men in all stages of life and across various fields, contributing to the creation of societies. Thus, they have proven their capabilities as active social agents—not only because they represent half of society but also because they serve as the first school for the entire community. Given that Iraqi women have endured significant hardships, with various factors limiting their participation in life, this research focuses on studying their role and representation.
The study aims to present a new scientific analysis of the image of Iraqi women as perceived by the Iraqi public, especially after 2003. Additionally, it seeks to explore how traditional media and social media platforms have portrayed Iraqi women. The research adopts a descriptive methodology and uses a questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of 160 participants in Baghdad's Karkh and Rusafa districts, consisting of males and females aged 20 and above.
The study's findings include the following key results: the mental image of Iraqi women after 2003 was neutral, and there is a positive correlation between the mental image of Iraqi women after 2003 and their participation in social, economic, and political fields.

Islam has given great attention to women, viewing them with pride and respect, especially after they had suffered in the pre-Islamic era from the loss of their most fundamental right—the right to life. Socially, women hold the roles of mother, sister, daughter, aunt, and more. Scientifically, women have achieved high status in society by participating alongside men in attending gatherings, engaging in discussions and debates, composing poetry, and contributing to all forms of knowledge and learning.
Many historians have documented the lives of notable women in their works. Among them is Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, one of the prominent figures of the 9th-10th centuries AH (15th-16th centuries CE). Al-Suyuti belonged to a family of notable status in society, holding many influential positions. He authored numerous books across various fields, enriching libraries and benefiting students of knowledge. One of these works is the book Nuzhat al-Julasa fi Akhbar al-Nisa (The Pleasure of the Gatherers in the Stories of Women), in which he recorded accounts of a group of Eastern women, who were the focus of our study, as well as a selection of Andalusian women.

After 2003, Iraqi society was subjected to a cultural genocide that led to the dismantling of its religious and social system, and soft power exercised its control over it through some suspicious organizations that played an inhuman role, in addition to social media that destroyed Iraqi civil culture by promoting (Zionist-American) ideas, including (gender, homosexuality, atheism, and liberating women from their religion) in the name of freedom and democracy, with the aim of eliminating religion first and shaping the mentality of society and the individual on purely Western foundations, which is known as (immoral shock).

The current study aimed to identify the stress-coping strategies employed by journalists based on the variables of gender (male-female) and work sector (public-private). The research sample consisted of 300 journalists from various provinces in Iraq for the year 2024. The sample was intentionally selected, and the final version of the scale, comprising 15 items, was developed by the researcher to align with the Iraqi context after reviewing previous studies and ensuring the validity and reliability of the scale.
The findings revealed that stress-coping strategies were highly utilized by both male and female journalists, with no statistically significant differences observed based on gender or work sector. Building on these results, the researcher recommends organizing counseling programs to strengthen journalists\' abilities to employ stress-coping strategies, thus alleviating work-related stress and reducing feelings of anxiety, fatigue, and exhaustion. Furthermore, the study suggests conducting research on alternative strategies not addressed in the current study and applying them to different samples.

Workers in the labor market possess distinct psychological characteristics. The value of work aligns with the psychological state of workers, such that when their psychological well-being is stable, their productivity increases. This is a critical aspect to consider for working groups, as providing an appropriate psychological environment fosters more flexible and smoother work relationships, which in turn enhances the quality of production. The psychological factor has thus become an integral part of dealing with workers and selecting the types of work where they can achieve both psychological and practical harmony, a topic discussed in the first section of the study.
The second section focused on the nature of social relationships among workers, emphasizing competitive relationships. It also highlighted the importance of stable social relations among workers to meet labor market requirements. The more stable these relationships are, the more balanced the fulfillment of market demands becomes. Based on this foundation, this section explored social obstacles and crises and their impact on market requirements. It also examined the role of economic variables in influencing the social lives of workers in the market. The study found that declining incomes could lead to negative outcomes in terms of production. The research sought to investigate the causes of such effects and how to address their impact on both production and workers in the labor market.

Television programs are a tool to convey and address the reality of society; especially when they present social phenomena or problems, including the phenomenon of violence in all its forms, to address them; and to contribute to increasing cultural awareness to reduce them; as programs build acceptable social values and behaviors.
The problem of our research lies in the main question: What are the topics of verbal and physical violence in the 52 Minutes Program?
The study sought to achieve a set of objectives:
1- Knowing the most prominent topics of violence presented in the 52 Minutes Program on Alsumaria TV.
2 - Monitoring the causes of violence that were presented in the 52 Minutes Program on Alsumaria TV.
3 - Knowing the television forms and templates that were employed in the 52 Minutes Program on Alsumaria TV.
This research is also considered one of the descriptive researches in which content analysis was used; How was it said? And what was said?
As for the limits of the research: The research took the spatial limit, which is Alsumaria TV Channel, specifically the 52 Minutes Program.
The time frame was from 1-1-2023 to 31-12-2023 AD;
The most important results of the research were:
 Verbal harassment came in first place for verbal violence topics.
 Economic reasons came in first place among the most prominent causes of societal violence, then social.
The form of dialogue and interview came in first place from the category (television forms and templates).

The ancients linked sophistry with a number of fallacies. Sophism, as they know it, is false wisdom. The Sophist philosopher is a deceitful person who uses methods of deception and fraud to present falsehood with the appearance of truth, or to present falsehood with the appearance of truth. Likewise, some later Sophists use logic fallaciously in order to teach students to win court cases. However, the truth is something else. The great sheikhs of sophism, led by Protagoras, Gorgias, Antiphon, Hippias, Prodicus, Cadmus, and others, took upon themselves the task of enlightening the masses and teaching them the arts of rhetoric and statement. The Sophists declared the principle of brotherhood among all human beings, and they said: with the idea of a global community, in which national and religious differences disappear. They also distinguished between man-made laws that make people slaves or masters, and natural laws that return all members of the human race to a single origin .

This research aims to measure the level of realistic thinking, the perceived creative environment, and their relationship with metacognition among (Arabic language teachers). To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive method (correlational study) to accomplish the research objectives.
The researcher developed the research tools, which included a realistic thinking scale consisting of 28 items, with validity and reliability confirmed through a pilot sample of 200 individuals from the original population. Additionally, a perceived creative environment scale was created with 32 items, and its validity and reliability were also tested using a pilot sample of 200 individuals. The third tool was a metacognition scale with 40 items, which also underwent validity and reliability testing with the same pilot sample of 200individuals.
The study was conducted during the academic year (2023-2024), and the researcher employed the t-test for a single sample to analyze the results, which indicated a positive relationship between the research variables.
The researcher concluded that the research sample exhibited strong realistic thinking and awareness of the creative environment, as well as acceptable but not statistically significant levels of metacognition. The researcher suggests enhancing metacognition among Arabic language teachers and recommends developing training programs focused on realistic thinking, the perceived environment, and metacognition.

The current research targeted a number of objectives, including measuring positive self-talk among students of Arabic language departments and knowing the significance of differences in positive self-talk according to the gender variable, knowing the correlation between the two research variables (positive self-talk and academic passion). The researcher built two scales for these two variables, and the researcher took into account the validity of the two scales in their types: structural validity. the test and retest method and the other method of internal consistency using the Cronbach equation. The researcher chose a sample to build the two scales, which amounted to (400) male and female students from the Arabic language departments. The researcher relied on the previous studies mentioned in the research sources when building the positive self-talk variable. The researcher relied on the study of (Vallerand, 2003) in the academic passion variable. The researcher used the appropriate statistical means for the research and used the (Spss) package for psychological and educational sciences in order to reach the results of his research. The research results showed the following:
1- Students enjoy positive self-talk
2- No statistically significant differences were found in positive self-talk according to the gender variable, males and females
3- Students in Arabic language departments have academic passion
4- No statistically significant differences were found in their academic passion between the sexes

The current research aims to improve information retrieval processes by enhancing the efficiency of search operations through image-based search. This is achieved by adding this feature to the search engines embedded in database systems. The researcher adopted an experimental approach by designing a program that allows searching through images stored in the central library databases of Al-Mustansiriyah University. A sample of digital files stored in the central library was taken, consisting of 50 PDF sources, to conduct search operations using image-based search. The research reached several key findings, the most important of which are:
1- The conversion success rate reached 100% for all 50 sources.
2- The techniques used for extracting digital features (Histogram, SIFT, SURF) demonstrated significant effectiveness in representing and analyzing image content. SIFT proved to be the best in identifying distinctive image points and recording them in the database, with a success rate of 96% in creating clear and precise descriptive points.
3- Search time was reduced by 40% compared to retrieval operations based on ready-made software. The average search time for a single image was 1.2 seconds. The similarity criteria proved effective.
4- The system demonstrated high accuracy in retrieving sources. Out of 50 query experiments, the correct source was retrieved 47 times, reflecting a success rate of 94%. The three errors were due to unclear images or those insufficiently representative of the source content.
The research also concluded with several recommendations, including:
1- The necessity of developing the skills of university library staff to handle such databases, focusing on accurate data entry and ensuring the quality of images during the entry process.
2- Enhancing the system to include textual search as an alternative or complement to image-based search, providing users with multiple options for accessing sources.

The study aims to knowledge the protection of intellectual property rights for university theses in the digital environment and its effect on research ethics, such as encouraging innovation, enhancing collaboration, exchange, and scientific publishing under intellectual property rights over intellectual and mental works. These include scientific and technical creations expressed and transformed into tangible forms, encompassing rights derived from human intellectual activity, such as, technical literary, scientific rights, and trademarks. The digital environment has facilitated the ease of publication and access for beneficiaries with minimal time and effort. Moreover, it has enabled artificial intelligence technologies to simulate human capabilities in learning, thinking, and problem-solving, influencing the development of creativity and innovation, including intellectual property.
The study adopted a descriptive methodology and focused on the information services available to beneficiaries in the central libraries of Iraqi universities, being centers for the deposition of university theses. The study sample was limited to the information services of university theses in the central libraries of Baghdad University and Al-Mustansiriyah University.
The study concluded with several findings, including that 38.5% of the beneficiaries rely on artificial intelligence, while 38.5% believe that using digital environment resources negatively affects the quality of research and academic content. Additionally, 30.8% perceive a negative impact from relying on digital environment resources due to issues related to the accuracy and reliability of these sources.
The study suggests raising awareness among researchers, authors, and innovators about their rights and responsibilities concerning intellectual property rights in the digital environment and periodically updating central library policies to ensure they keep pace with technological advancements to provide the best information services for researchers. It also recommends developing researchers' skills in using reliable digital environment resources that comply with intellectual property protection.

without involving John Garang and his military wing in the agreements, in addition to the lack of mutual trust between the two parties, as the government is unable to impose its conditions on the southern factions that signed the agreements, as they have forces stationed in locations under their control in the south, and all the factions that signed represent the separatist wing within the Sudan People's Liberation Movement before their secession from it in 1991, and in addition to that, there are those who believed that the leaders of the southern factions that signed the peace agreements had betrayed and sold out the cause of the south and its future in order to assume high positions in the central government. Keywords: Sudan, peace, Fashoda, political charter, IGAD, Khartoum agreement, salvation government.

The research objects to identify the technological professional competence that must be presented in the human resources employed in the public central library in Basra Governorate, the level of professional competence, the training programs that help develop human resources, and the problems and obstacles fronting human resources when As they practice office work, that achieves professional competence in office work
. The practical aspect was approved. The descriptive approach is a case study of technological professional competence. As for the theoretical aspect, the documentary approach was recognized by using traditional and electronic information sources. Also, the questionnaire tool was used as a main instrument for collecting data and information for the research. The questionnaire includes (30) questions, 30 questionnaire forms were distributed, and (27) questionnaires were saved, meaning a retrieval rate of (90%).
The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are:
- It was found that 100% of the human resources working in the Central Public Library in Basra Governorate have the ability and competence to use the computer. The reason for this is due to the nature of the work and the fact that it is the basis of their daily work through their practice of using the computer and entering information.
- It was discovered that a portion of the Central Public Library's human resources staff, 92.59%, use a variety of computer programs. The Word program has the largest percentage of software usage, at 80%. This is because of the nature of the work and its requirements, which center on how they use the program to print and save data. Excel is used by them the most frequently (36%), while Power Point is used by them the least frequently (24%). A smaller percentage of respondents (7.41%) indicated that they do not use any computer programs at all.
- -It was discovered that (81.48%) of the human resources working in the Central Public Library have the ability to help and guide beneficiaries in using electronic books and references. The reason behind this is the library’s work environment and the human resource's function are dedicated to serving beneficiaries. while, (18.52%) of the resources represented Humanity confirms their inability to help and guide beneficiaries to use books and electronic references.
Out of the study, the most important recommendations of which are:
- To accomplish institutional goals, it is imperative that the central library administration personally oversees its resources and engages in units that include information technology development tasks.
- Focusing on the professional growth of the central institution's human resources staff and giving them the chance to engage in the field of contemporary technological information by attending conferences and workshops and workshops designed to increase their proficiency in accomplishing the objectives of the library and those it serves Library objectives and beneficiaries.
- Making use of the Internet to deploy technology solutions that will enhance the efficiency and efficacy of the human resources employed by the library.