Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science

The research focused on the preparation of ten chemical compounds of the new Aza Michael compounds using one of the methods of preparing important organic compounds. The prepared compounds were diagnosed and their structural bodies were confirmed using infrared spectrum, ultraviolet visible spectrum, melting points and color. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of five percentages of ethanol alcohol in the confined range (60-100%)in the alcohol-water mixture on the acidity of the ten Aza Michael compounds by using the simple, fast and accurate potentiometric titration method. The study confirmed that the five mentioned ratios have a clear effect on the values of pKa ionization constants obtained for the prepared compounds. Drawing a relationship between pKa against the dielectric constant (D) of an alcohol-aqueous medium, showed five different solutions, which are discussed appropriately.

The research includes the preparation of four chemical compounds of the new Aza Michael compounds using one of the methods of preparing important organic compounds. The prepared compounds were diagnosed and their structural bodies were confirmed using infrared spectrum, ultraviolet visible spectrum, melting points and color. The main objective of this research is to use the MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) program to calculate the binding energy of a number of Aza Michael compounds with the enzyme cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), which is one of the oxidizing enzymes. The results showed that the binding energy values varied between (-11.4337and- 14. 4504 Kcal/ mol). Whereas the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values ranged from (1.67-1.86A°) which matches with a previous study in the accuracy of the result. This study determined the amino acids surrounding the compound. Which usually bind to with hydrogen bonds or (arene- arene) bonds, to obtain a three- dimensional diagram. This is to show that binding these compounds to the (COX-1) is in its most stable structural formula. Moreover, how the electronic density is distributed on the compounds and the surrounding amino acids (that take position around the molecule of the compounds under study was also determined, depending on their properties as acidic, basic, hydrophobic (polar or nonpolar) amino acids.

This work is involved with the evaluation of the adsorption efficiency of an activated carbon prepared in our labs for the removal of two dichalcones namely; 2,6-Bis(4-Nitrobenzylidene) cyclohexanone and 2,6-Bis (4-Hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone from their aqueous solutions. These chalcones were synthesized from the reaction of appropriate aldehydes (4- Nitro (or Hydroxy) benzaldehyde) and ketone (Cyclohexanone) and were employed as adsorbate for accomplishing this study. Optimization of the conditions of the systems considered were investigated concerning factors influencing adsorption efficiency such as adsorbent dose, time of contact, and chalcone initial concentration. Concentration of the adsorbed chalcones were determined spectrophotometrically. Calibration curve was constructed at the (λmax) of each chalcone. A batch method with single component systems were carried out for achieving the adsorption processes. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were fitted to the practical data of adsorption at equilibrium within a concentration range (1*10-4 – 9*10-4M). The results showed a better fit of Freundlich isotherm to the experimental data of chalcone no.2, while, the Langmuir isotherm exhibited better fit to chalcone no.1. Kinetic study is performed by applying, pseudo first order and pseudo second order equations fitted to the practical data of the adsorption on activated carbon. The observed results indicated that the studied system are best followed the pseudo second order equation. This was determined by the values of R2 close to unity (R2 = 0.999 and 1.0) when compared with the first order (R2 = 0.9169, 0.8829). In addition, the values of qex in the first order reaction are not consisted with the qcal values.

Colon cancer is a disease that is characterized by the development of malignant cells in the epithelium or lining of the distal part of the colon. This study includes study of age, body mass index, stages of colon cancer development, and quality of treatment on meprin α (MEPA) levels among colon cancer patients as compared with the control group. This study has been conducted on (134) sample with ages ranging from (25-76) years: (74) of them are colon cancer patients from the patients treated in Mosul oncology and nuclear medicine hospital and Ibn-Sina teaching hospital/ Mosul and (60) samples as control group in Mosul city for the period from January to July 2020. The results showed that the normal mean of MEPA is (82.12± 3.65 ng / mL) in control group for both gender. While the activity of MEPA for colon cancer patients were (106.72±4.52 ng / mL), the level of enzyme was also affected by age and gender, whereas it increases with age in both the control group and colon cancer patients, its activity in males is higher than in females in control group only, and the effect of body mass index is observed in both the control group and the patients. The results also showed a significant increase in the activity of MEPA in colon cancer patients as compared with the control group, while there was a significant increase in colon cancer patients in stages II, III and IV compared with patients in the first stage. The effect of the type of treatment, as it has been found that the activity of enzyme was significantly lower for MEPA in the group of patients undergoing surgical removal of colon tumors and patients treated with chemotherapy as compared without treatment patients (Newly diagnosed). It was noted that MEPA is affected by various factors such as gender, age, BMI, as well as the development of colon cancer and the type of treatment used.

Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of tetracycline as pure and in its pharmaceutical preparations. They were based on a reaction of tetracycline with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a yellow product of tetracycline – sulphonic acid shows maximum absorption at 435 nm with a molar absorptivity of 8.31x103 l./mol.cm. Sandell's sensitivity index, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 0.0534 μg /cm2,0.108 and 0.360 μg/ml respectively. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-40 μg/ml, the relative error is from - 4 to 0.8 %. Method B included the same reaction principle as in method A, except the estimation via calculation of the area under the curve instead of the absorbance. The linearity is from 2 to 50 μg/ml with a molar absorptivity of 1.511x103 l./mol.cm and Sandell's sensitivity index equal to 0.0294 μg /cm2.The RSD% is not more than 0.142% and RE% not more than -3.4%. The proposed methods are characterized by simplicity and they are economical. The two methods used only one reagent, which is sulphuric acid, and thus reduce the possibility of contamination with organic materials and reagents. The two methods were successfully applied to the estimation of tetracycline in pharmaceutical preparations(capsules).

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts of Promethazine hydrochloric in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on using the oxidative coupling reaction of promethazine hydrochloride with 4-chloro aniline reagent in acid medium in the presence of N-bromo Succinimide to produce an intense green colour, water soluble, product which exhibit maximum absorbance at 590 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over concentration range of (6-32μg/m1), with a molar absorptivity 7604.856 l/mol.cm, Sandal index of 0.04219μg /cm2 .The average recovery is 100.1185%, relative standard deviation of 1.45826-0.398408% and D.L of 0.41164μg/ml..

The effect of using nanoparticles and aqueous extract of pomegranate peel in treating rotavirus induced in laboratory rats was studied. The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine -Tikrit University for the period from 18 February 2021 and by 20 April 2021 by using 28 rats that the age of rats ranged from two months and three months and the experimental animals were divided into three groups, the control group and not treated with any treatment substance. While the second group was treated with an ZnO nanoparticles, whereas the third group was treated with the aqueous extract of pomegranate peels. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the concentration of LDL-C between the three groups, while it was noted that the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol HDL-C recorded a significant decrease in all treated groups when compared with the control group. As for the triglycerides, it was noted that the control group recorded The highest significant value when compared with the rest of the groups, while the treated groups did not differ among themselves. As for cholesterol level, it was noted that the treated groups recorded a significant decrease compared with control group, while the group treated with zinc nanoparticles recorded the lowest significant value when compared with other groups. As for liver enzymes (AST and ALT), we note that they recorded a significant increase in the group treated with zinc nanoparticles when compared with control group. The results also showed a significant decrease for the blood picture parameters for the group treated with zinc nanoparticles when compared with other study groups except for white blood cells, which recorded the highest significant value in the group treated with nanoparticles..

Patients with the new coronavirus disease severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCoV-2) may be suffering from bacterial infections. The detection of immunoglobulin including IgM and IgG could be provide information on the time of COVID-19 infection. To define and explore the bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 infection, the level of IgM and IgG were determined as well as the level of C-reactive protein. SARS CoV-2 infections were diagnosed as well as bacterial co-infection in Zanko private hospital in Erbil. The samples included both male and female, with an average age of 18-50 years. The antigen-tests were used to detect coronavirus antibodies. Furthermore, the concentration of C-reactive protein was identified by measuring photometric at wavelength 546 nm of antigen-antibody reaction. The reaction was between human CRP antibodies that bound to polystyrene particles and CRP present in the samples. The study showed positive results for both antibodies, but the level of IgM and IgG were low in the first week and after two weeks.
The results are showed a high level of C-reactive protein in the first and after two weeks, this could be referring to inflammation in patient’s body. The cause of inflammation was investigated by diagnosis the bacterial co-infection. It is found that 25 patients of total group (100) were sever from bacterial co-infection. There were gram positive and negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus which represents 40%, Escherichia coli (28%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%), both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which represents (8%). Finally, Staphylococcus epidermidis (4%). In conclusion, more tests to find out the cause of inflammation are required because the CRP test does not describe the pathogen that cause the inflammation. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the CRP test does not explain the microbe that cause or location of the inflammation. Therefore, is required more tests to find out the cause of inflammation.

This research aims to study the effect of ethyl alcohol extracts on the leaves of the Camaldulensis dehnh and seeds of Cuminum cyminum and leaves of Eruca sativa, Nerium oleander of some aspects of the Bioefficacy on the first and third larvae instar of Green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Breeding was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature 30 ± 5 °C, a relative humidity of 60 ± 5 of light a period of 12 hours /day. The ethyl alcoholic extracts of the leaves of the C.dehnh and seeds of C. cyminum and leaves of E. sativa, N. oleander show different results according to the concentration and duration of treatment. The ethyl alcoholic extracts of the leaves of the C.dehnh gave the highest mortality percentage 95.7% at the concentration of 500 ppm after 24 hours of treatment for the first larvae instar While the results show that the ethyl alcoholic extracts of the leaves of the N. oleander gave the lowest mortality percentage was 23.5.% at 10 ppm after 72 hours of treatment for the first larvae instar as well as the ethyl alcoholic extracts of the leaves of the C.dennh show highest mortality percentage 87.5% at the concentration of 500 ppm after 24 hours of treatment while the lowest mortality percentage was 22.2.% at 10 ppm after 72 hours of treatment for the third larvae instar. The results show that there were significant differences for ethyl alcohol extracts of seeds and leaves of plants used in the effect on the first and third larval instars of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

VCSEL surface emission lasers are considered a promising solution to many technological problems that require data transmission at very high speeds, such as Ethernet systems with data in the limits of terabits per second and others. This research included the use of Optisystem7 software for the purpose of studying the effect of temperature on the characteristics of continuous operation (CW) as characteristics (current - light), slope efficiency and threshold current, as well as studying the dynamic characteristics, which include the inclusion of this type of laser with two rates of pseudo-random data (10, 16) Gbps, By analyzing the eye-diagram pattern, quality factor QF and BER, of the laser modulation cases by fixing all the characteristics and variables of the simulation system and changing only one parameter, which is the laser temperature. The computer simulation results showed an increase in the threshold current Ith and modulation coefficient m versus increasing the temperature of the VCSEL laser. On the other hand, we found a significant decrease in the slope efficiency SE, and we also recorded a decrease in the quality factor QF versus an increase in the BER percentage with the increase in the temperature of the VCSEL laser. The simulation results also showed a great stability of the embedding quality with increasing temperature.

Prepare the nanocomponent (Ni1-xSrx Fe12O19) by Sol method - Sol - gel for automatic combustion with certain weight ratios (x= 0.0 ,0.1 ,0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 ,0.7, 0.8, 0.9) and compacted samples under pressure (7 ton/cm2), as were all the sampling speed when the temperature (900 oC) for two hours (2h) when examining the properties of the compositional results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the compound has several phases are Composite (Fe2O3) which allows Hematite) ( the phase (Trigonal) when the angle (α =55.280 Ao ) and the value of the constant-like(a = 5.4200 Ao), Composite (NiO), which allows (Bunsenite) and developed Cube (cubic) When (a=4.1684 Ao ), composite (Fe2NiO ) developed cuboidal also not stationary reticule (a= 8.3400 Ao) and composite (Sr2 Fe2 O5) - order quadrilateral-based (Orthorhombic). The results of the internal structure showed through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) that the granular size ranges from (31-46) nm. as shown by the results of the electrical characteristics of fixed insulation electric less than its value increased at (x= 0.5) if the rate was the lowest value of the constant is.1*10-7) ( when frequency (500KHz), while the value (-1.284*10-8) at frequency (1MHz), increases and then decreases to increase the temperature, and conductivity electric alternating σ(A.C) their values are increased by increasing frequency and increasing temperature and the highest conductivity is at (x= 0.7) and is 5.41*107 (Ω).m)-1 at (150ºC) and at (500khz), while at (1MHz) the highest conductivity value is at (x= 0.2) and its value is (2.59*10-12ω/m) at (150ºC) temperature as well.

The dependency of the 3rd order nonlinear optical properties of the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films on laser light polarization were investigated with the widely known Z-scan technique. The measurements were taken at linearly, elliptically, and circularly polarized light at both P-polarization and S-polarization states. Pulse-wave red diode laser diode at repetition rate of 1 KHz, wavelength of 650 nm and maximum power of 3mW was used. The laser beam passes through a thin film sample with thickness of (425nm). The sample was deposited on the glass substrates using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) technique. The measurements of NLR and NLA indicates that the linearly polarized light has the largest values. The circularly polarized light has the smallest values for both P- and S-polarization. Also, the ZnO thin films exhibit a better nonlinearity at S-polarization in comparison to P-polarization. The high nonlinearity can lead for using the material in many applications.

The theory, design, and use of the mirror Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is described in detail .it is important to correctly recognize laser beams of various rays or styles in order to safe certain types of lively link. The Fabry- Perot interferometer is excited via an external laser ray. Part of the study relies on the provision of to combine and change a part of the reflection to form the rules of the resonator. Use a piezoelectric sheet to check one of the reflective resonators back and forth, in order to make the length of each resonator change regularly. As the length continues to change. An important part of the mode is the strategy of organizing the laser column into the resonator. The real mode organization and extensive are except for the Gaussian key mode. When recommending the Fabry-Perot interferometer mode, the specific limits of the resonator will be measured to detect events, decay time, line width, etc. Mode adjustments are required not only for establishing an appropriate added back the intensity distribution, but for matching the optical phase distribution, in order to achieve the desired results. This design to explore the properties of an optical resonator; Properties that are common to almost all optical resonators. In addition, it provides the experience of aligning an optical resonator and introducing laser light into an optical resonator, a process known as mode adjustment.