Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Twenty Awassi intact male lambs were used in fattening and digestibility experiment (in vivo) to study the effect of using chemical and biological treated wheat straw. The animals were fed in individual pans concentrate diet (3% of live body weight) with four chemical and biological treatment of straw ad libitum for 91 days. The results showed that urea treated straw, NaOH –treated straw and fungi-treated straw were significantly difference (p< 0.01) in straw consumed especially for NaOH–treated straw as compared with other treatments, total body weight, daily gain and feed conversion ratio of animals as compared with untreated wheat straw. The digestibility of chemicals and biological treated wheat straw treatments were significantly increased (p<0.01) for dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract and significantly increased (p<0.05) for crude protein as compared with untreated wheat straw fed to lambs.

One hundred and fourty four Lohman brown hens (43 weeks old) were randomly distributed in to 4 treatments with 3 replicates (12 hen / per replicate). Fed birds during the experiment for eight weeks on standard laying hens diet and the teatments were as follows: T0 (standard diet without any addition) T1 (0.1% black bean seeds powder added to standard diet) T2 (0.5% black bean seeds powder and 0.5% anise seeds powder added to standard diet) T3 (1% anise seeds powder added to standard diet) and on two periods ,the first period from 43-46 weeks and second period 47-50 weeks, and studied productive performance and some biochemical characteristics of serum of laying hens . The results showed at the end of the experimental period which continued eight (12) weeks, no significant differences between teatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed daily consumption of the bird and feed conversion efficiency, while appear reduced a highly significant (p<0.01) in level of cholesterol and uric acid in birds blood serum of the second and third treatment, and superiority of a highly significant (p<0.01) in level of glucose in the bird\'s blood serum at the first treatment compared to the standard treatment. We conclude from this study possibility of adding (0.5% black bean powder and 0.5% anise seeds powder) or 1% of the seeds of anise powder in a diet of laying hens to decrease the cholesterol and uric acid in blood serum of the bird, and increasing glucose level when adding 0.5% black bean powder in a diet of laying hens during the period 43-50 weeks of the age.

The expertiment has been conducted on the animal field that is attached to the department of animal resources,College of Agriculture –University of Diyala, and lasted 56 day 180 fingerlings fish of Cyprinus carpio L.Fish were distributed randomly into 18 equarium (30×30×60cm liter of water ). Sex treatments were used each with three replicates with 10 fish. The treatment included adding zinc sulphate at the levels of control, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mg/kg feed. The statistical analysis revealed that treatments 3,4 and 5 showed significant improvement in daily growth rate (0.11, 0.199 and 0.197)gm/fish/day respectively , specific growth rate (0.93, 0.82 and 0.81 respectively). Relative growth rate (65.25, 56.4 and 55.9 respectively), protein rate (1.26, 1.04 and 1.10%) feed rate (28.48, 25.82 and 25.57%) and significant decrease feed conversion rate (3.91, 3.919 and 3.91 respectively.

The study was conducted at the poultry farm in the Department of Animal Resources - College of Agriculture - University of Diyala during the Autumn season of 2014, to determine and compare the productive performance of the three varieties of Japanese quail : black, white and brown, under the local natural environmental conditions in Iraq. Used in the study, 329 one day chicks belong to the three varieties, and the experiment was designed according to the Completely Randomized Design ( CRD ) with three replicates for each variety. Measurements were recorded for the following traits: The weight of the chick at hatching, weekly live body weight, weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. The results showed a highly significant (P <0.01) superiority of black variety in live body weight, compared with white and brown varieties at ages 1, 2 and 3 weeks, furthermore, the results recorded that this superiority has vanished at the age of 6 weeks, therefore, the body weight of black, white and brown varieties at 6 weeks of age became 179.69, 171.65 and 175.88 g respectively. The results recorded that there is a high significant superiority in feed consumption of the black variety with compare to other varieties in the weeks 1, 2 and 6 weeks. Black variety superiority on the white variety in the feed conversion during the first four weeks was also observed. The results indicated that weight gain is becoming very few in the seventh week, which indicates to select the age of 6 weeks as a market age.

This study was conducted in Diyala province for the period from 1/10/2014 to 1/04/2015 as it collected 50 samples using sterile cotton swabs from people who suffer from gum inflammation disease in specialized centers of the teeth in the city of Baquba, and then the samples were transferred to microbiology laboratory/ Baquba reaching Hospital since been diagnosed with bacterial isolates These were: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes. The study also included qualitative detection of the active compounds in plants Hibiscus sabdariffa, as well as the study of the influence of alcoholic extract, hot and cold water extract of the plant Hibiscus sabdariffa and three concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg ml -1. Results showed that the qualitative detection of plant Hibiscus sabdariffa contain many active compounds which alkaloids, saponins, tannins, filavonat, Alkleikosadat, volatile oils and resins. Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts showed inhibitory effective against bacterial isolates under study, since these isolates were sensitive primarily to extract alcohol and aqueous extract hot water extract followed by cold, and the effectiveness inhibitory of plant extract increased by increasing its focus, as it gave focus 200 mg.ml -1. Higher effective inhibitory toward bacterial species.

This experiment was conducted in the field of College of Agriculture – University of Diyala during the season 2013 to assess the performance of four varieties of cowpea (Black eye, Ramshorn, Local and Rhaoah) and the effect of adding potassium fertilizer in the form of potassium sulfate of three levels of potassium (0.160, 320) kg h-¹ in the quality and quantity of yield by using split plots in RCBD .The significance of differences between means were tested by using H.S.D. test at 0.05 level of probability. The results of study showed a significant difference in the performance of the varieties. The local variety was superior in plant yield, crop area and the average weight of pod highest values reached 1384.00 gm plant-1, 20.94 tons h-1 and 7.30 g respectively. The variety of Rhaoah was superior in the average number and the length of pods and the ratio of nitrogen and protein in seeds. The difference between varieties was not significant in the average number of pod seeds. The effect of adding potassium fertilizer was significant. The addition of potassium level in 320 kg h-1 was significant in plant yield and crop area increase from the comparison in 24.47% and 24.75% respectively, in addition to the ratio of potassium in the seeds and the number of pods. The level of comparison in the ratio of nitrogen and protein in the seeds was superior. The interactions between varieties and potassium levels were not significant for all the varieties.

This study was conducted at two private orchards located at Mandali and Baladruz site of Diyala governorate, during the growing season 2012. The goal of the study was to reveal the effect of pollination date (before and after sheath opening), pollen grain source (Asfar, Ghanamy red, Ressaisy and Aswad) on some physical and chemical properties of Ashrassi date cultivar during Khalal stage. The result confirmed that the first date of pollination (before sheath opening) gave a superiority on second one (after sheath opening) in most characteristics studied at both sites. Pollination with Ghanamy red pollens before female sheath opening had a significant effect in fruits total sugar percentage, reducing sugar percent (48.956)% 5.687% respectively, sucrose percentage (11.921%) compared with after female sheath opening date over the rest pollen source at Mandali location, whereas the effect was insignificant at Baladruz location. No significant effects were observed in fruit circumference and volume at the two locations. No significant effect observed for pollen source on fruit length at Baladruz location, whereas this character differs at Mandali location

Experiment carried out in a plastic house with two Locations, nursery Baquba and tomato development Research center Alghalibeeha, Directorate of Agriculture Diyala in Iraq, during the growing season 2013- 2014 to study the effect location and five hybrids of tomato unlimited growth, (Wajedan, Deena, Waad, Shahera and Nora). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The studied characteristics were fruit number per plant, fruit weight average, yield per plant, TSS %, acidity percentage, fruit hardness degree according to the metaanalysis of the two locations. The results of the meta-analysis showed no significant differences between the two locations for of all studied qualities traits, while hybrids showed significant effects for all traits except acidity percentage shahera was more superiority than rest genotypes number of fruits and yield of plant was 88.33 fruits Plant -1 and 5.56 kg plant-1. As hybrid as Nora was more superiority than wajedan, waad and shaher (72.15 g fruit -1) hybrids of wajedan was more significantly than denna and shahera with proportion of soluble solids in the fruits of tomato and degree of firmness as record 6.83% and 4.70 kg cm-2 respect as for nesting locations with genotypes non significantly effect for all attributes except the average weight of fruit, which has the highest weight of the fruits of genetic overlap for the interaction of Nora with both locations.

This study was carried out in the Nursery of Ashnona (Buhriz) Municipality that belongs to the Garden and Parks section of Diyala Directorate of Municipalities from May 2014 to August 2014. The goal of this study was to study the effect of the rootstock type and the Scion type and shading in limes growth (Eureka), oranges and content of mineral elements. The study was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three factors, and three replicates, it includes three factors, which were type rootstocks, scion type and shading. Two cultivars of rootstocks were used. These transplants were swinglecitrumello and sour orange which were grafted by Eureka lemon and local oranges. These grafts were also obtained from Karbala Nursery. The ratio of shading with Saran was 0, 50 and 80%. The results were analyzed using the table of analyzing variance according to SAS program. Differences were compared between the averages according to LSD test at 0.05. The rootstock of swingelcitrumello and Eureka lemon showed a significant superiority in most traits, except the average of the diameter of the grafts in which the rootstock of sour orange were superior in traits. The treatment shading 50% was significantly excelled in most of studied traits except in the length of the main verdant branch which was superior in the treatment of shading 80%, while the diameter of the graft were superior in the treatment of comparison without shading 0%.

This study is carried out in a private orchard of vine in Buhriz city \ Diyala province. It aims to study the effect of the buds left after pruning ( the number of eyes left on the vine) and spraying transactions on the growth, crop and storability features of the French vine. includes studying, namely: vine load levels (20, 32, 40 and 52) eyes vine-1 × (calcium nitrate with concentration 20 g l-1 and arginine acid with concentration 0.2 g l-1 and water and urea with concentration 2.5 g l-1 ). The comparison sample is sprayed with distilled water and storage period. The crop is put in bags of polyethylene, 16 holes and the diameter 0.5 Cm2 for each kilogram and the capacity 3Kg. These bags are stored in a refrigerator at 4± Cº in 14th of July, 2013 for two months. The used design is CRD for the storage experiment and by three replications for each sample with weight 3Kg. The comparison is done using LSD at probability level 0.05. The results are as follows: The triple overlap of 20 eyes vine-1 × calcium nitrate exceed in many features at the beginning of storage period except percentage of weight loss and total spoilage of fruits. The highest recorded values for these features is between interaction level of 20 eyesvine-1 and the comparison after the storage.

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of Department of Field Crops Sciences - Faculty of Agriculture - Diyala University in 2014 within the project of the development of maize for spring season in Iraq to study the response of two varieties of maize spring season to transplanting method . The experiment was applied according to the Split Plots Design with three replications . Each replicate was divided into two main plots (Broujen and Cadiz variety) . Each main plot was divided into four secondary plots which were treatments of methods of agriculture (method of transplanting method which is seedlings 15/1, seedlings 15/2, seedlings 15/3 and traditional agriculture method in the permanent field in 15/3). Results have shown that seedlings dates 15/1 and 15/2 led to the events of a significant increase in the mean of plant height, number of leaves ,leaf area . Varieties showed significant effects on the growth characters. Broujen variety has achieved increase in mean of plant height, stem diameter . The interaction between the methods of agriculture (transplanting and traditional agriculture method ) and varieties have shown significant effect in stem diameter , leaves number , leaf area.

The Experiment was carried out at experimental station, college of Agriculture –University of Diyala during autumn season 2014 to investigate the effects of fertilization, plant densities and their interactions on growth and yield of cauliflower. The Experiment included 12 treatment represent two plant densities, the first was planting seedlings on one side of drips tube at 40 cm distance between plants. The second was planting seedling on both sides of the drips irrigation tubes at the same distance between plants. Distance between drips tubes were 30 cm for the both previous cases. Six fertilizers treatments were used including: control (without fertilizer), sheep manure at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 % of soil volume (calculated on the basis of experimental unit area and 0.3 mdepth) and chemical fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 at a rate of 300kg ha-1. Half of the chemical fertilizer was added at one week after transplanting in the field, and the second was added at curds appearance. Factorial experiment designed according to R.C.B.D with three replicates was used in this study. Result means were compared using Duncans Multiple Range Test at the probability level 0.05. Results indicate that first density planting caused significant increase in the number of leaves, total chlorophyll, the percentage of dry matter percent, curd weights without leaves and protein reached to 20.67 leaf plant-1, 1.46 mg g-1, 19.85%, 1.04 kg plant-1 and 9.85% respectively.as compared with the second density which reduced the number of it to 18.83 leaf Plant-1, 1.38 mg g-1, 16.59%, 0.52 kg plant-1, and 8.78% respectively. Addition of sheep manures at a level of 10 % increased the number of leaves, total chlorophyll, percentage of dry matter, curd weights without leaves, the marketable curds weight ( just curds) and curds content of protein to 22.0 leaf Plant-1, 1.58 mg g-1, 22.90 %, 1.27 kg plant-1, and 46.21 ton ha-1 and 12.16 % respectively, as compared with no fertilizer which reduced the number of it to 18.0 leaf Plant-1, 1.23 mg g-1, 12.06 %, 0.40 kg plant-1, 14.31 ton ha-1 and 6.72% respectively. Interaction between the first density and sheep manures 10% gave a significant increase in the last characteristic respectively, as compared with treatment interaction between the second density and no fertilizer

A Factorial experiment was carried out during the season of 2013/2014 in plastic house at Baquba nursery, Diyala agriculture Directorate, to study the effect of magnetized irrigation water (treated with 1000 gauss from dipolar magnetic) and spraying with proline (0, 80, 160 mgl-1) and their interaction in growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) C.V. festival. Data was statistically analyzed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that magnetized irrigation water caused a significant increase in number of fruits, fruit size, diameter and weight; plant yield, leaf area, chlorophyll content and vitamin C in fruits, and non-significant effect in fruit length, TSS and total acidity compared with untreated water. Proline spraying at concentration of 160 mg l-1 gave a significant increase in fruits number, fruit size and weight, plant yield, fruit length and diameter, vit.C and TSS of fruits. Proline at 80 mg l-1 gave higher leaf area. Proline had no significant effect on fruits total acidity and content of chlorophyll. Interaction between the two studied factors was significantly affected all traits except recipe total acidity of fruits.

Field experiment was conducted in a plastic house, Department of Horticulture and landscaping, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit during the season 2012-2013, to know effect of planting depth and spraying gibberellin in vegetative, flowering growth and bulbs Lily production, designed with Complete Randomized Block Design included two factors: planting depths with three levels 8, 10 and 12 cm and three concentrations of spraying gibberellin zero, 50 100 mg liter -1. Planting depth of 12 cm cause a significant increase in plant height and gave the highest of plant height was 83.21 cm, treatment of spray gibberellin 100 mg Liter-1 caused increase in flower diameter gave 18.05 cm, highest vase life 15.91 day for interaction treatment between the planting depth of 12 cm and spraying gibberellin concentration of 100 mg l-

Afield experiment was carried out at field experiment, college of Agriculture university of Baghdad, Abu-Graib, during season 2007 and 2008 to study the effect of four foliar application dates 1- without ethephon 2- Foliar with ethephon at flowering buds formation 3- at flowering stage 4- Foliar with ethephon at ball formation on growth traits and yield of two cotton varieties (Ashoure and Lashata).The results showed that each of the foliar application dates with ethephon and cotton varieties and its interaction have significant effect on field traits, growth and yield in the both seasons (2007 and 2008) There was increase in seed cotton yield rate in treatment of foliar with ethephon at flowering stage in two seasons. This increase resulted from increase of fruiting branches per plant, 23.33 ,23.16 branch, number of leaves per plant 193.16,192.50 leaves and leaf area per plant 6432.20 ,6547.51cm2, dry matter 111.50,106.50g. in both seasons respectively Lashata was better of number of leaves 129.66, 122.66 leaves , fruiting branches 16.25, 16.25, leaf area per plant 4686.47 ,4866.04cm2 and seed cotton1785.54,1820.83 thin another variety in both seasons respectively .Interaction between Lashata variety and foliar with ethephon at flowering stage gave the best growth traits and yield of cotton.

A field experiment was conducted in the nursery of new Baquba, Diractorafe of Diyala agriculture during the growing season in 2014, to study the effect of magnetically treated water and methods of training on some fruits specification for three muskmelon genotypes. The experment included 24 treatments is a combinations between the three muskmelon genotypes (RAND, NADA and IDEAL), two types of water (natural water and magnetically treated water at 3000 gauss) and four training methods (one stem, two stems, three stems and without pruining). The experiment was carried out according to Split –Split Plot in RCBD with three replicates. Significant differences between the means were tested accordance to the polynomial Duncan multiple rang test LSR at 0.05. The study results showed a significant effect for genotype on all fruits specification, while the magnetically treat and training methods had no significant effect on fruits specification. While the tri-interaction among the genotype and the quality of the water and the methods of training had siginifcant influence, while the genotype Rand plants irrigated with magnetically treated water and training on three stems gave the best fruit weight and fruit core diameter thickness, while genotype plants Ideal irrigated with natural water and trained on one stem gave means thickness of the fruit core. The same genotype plants (Nada) that irrigated with magnetically treated and trained on two stem gave less weight of placenta with the seeds.

This study have been carried out during agricultural winter season 20102011 in Grdarasha fields to investigate shoot and root interference, and competition between soft wheat Triticum aestivum and wild oat Avenal fatwa in (pots) with three plant densities for four competition cases. In the experiment these traits for wheat and wild oats decreased significantly by plant densities (plant height, tiller/plant, spike or inflorescence /plant, shoot dry weight, grain weight, root dry weight, plant dry weight), also it was affected by the types of competition except of (plant height and tiller/plant). The studied traits were affected more by full competition with compare to other competition cases. Relative yield total (RYT) values was less than 1.0 for all plant densities and competition cases obviously decreased in full and root competition for the same density with compare to other competition cases. wild oats was more aggressive (A) than wheat in all densities except at full competition third density was 0.02 which values were between 0.02 and -2.28, also it was dominant in Competition Ratio (CR), the values were between 0.35-1.95. The Results of plant density and competition relationship indicated that decrease of shoot and root dry weight for both wheat and wild oats with increasing density, and it was affected more by full competition. Finally, concluded from this study, that oat was the most competitive than wheat, and the root system competitive was stronger than shoot system.

This study was carried out at research station affiliate for department of Horticulture and landscape gardening science/ Agriculture college- Diyala University during the period 1/10/2014 to 1/7/2015. study included effect of spraying of humic acid and cytokinin (CPPU) on some parameters of shoot and root growth for seedlings (navel orange and local lemon) grafted on 2 years old sour orange rootstock. Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) in a factorial experiment was used with three replications and three seedlings per experimental unit. The experiment included humic acid in two levels (3, 6 ml l1) and CPPU in two levels (4, 8 mg l-1) and the control (spray with water only), were sprayed in this experiment at 21 day intervals, and started from15/10/2014 up to 21/5/2015. Results were analyzed according to (SAS) and differences between means were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range test at 5% probability level. Results showed that CPPU treatment at 8 mg l-1 led to significant increase in number of branches, leaves area and dry weight for shoot system, while humic acid treatment at 6 ml l-1 caused an increase in main root length, dry weight for root system, leaves content of N, total carbohydrates in branches. As for intervention, the treatment of Navel orange with 8 mg l-1 led CPPU to get on the highest values for number of branches, leaf areas and dry weight for shoot system both types. As for concentration 4 mg l-1 it gave the highest content of the leaves from chlorophyll. The treatment of lemon by humic acid Concentration 6 ml l-1 led to get on the highest values for Total carbohydrates in branches, while same the treatment on the orange navel gave highest average major root length and dry weight for root system.

This study has been achieved in a nursery that belongs to the Directorate of Diyala Agriculture of in autumn The Season 2014. The soil in which the corn is grown was Sandy clay. The aim of this study is to know the effect of Potassium application by Soil and Foliar in some morphological and Physiological Parameters of Corn Buhooth 106. The randomize complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted Ground addition 80,40,20,0 kg K+ ha-1 to and foliar applications (0, Spray with water, 2000 and 4000 mg K l-1) as Potassium sulfite (41.5% K+). The results shown that there are differences in the third level ( 40 Kg.K.ha-1). The differences were in the Plant height (162.4 cm), Leaf Area (518. Dsm2), Weight of 100 grains (22.7 g), Chlorophyll content (48.7 Spade unit) and concentration of Potassium in the leaves. Using K Foliar application treatment was 4000 mg.L-1 caused Significant difference in the plant high (159.1 cm), leaf area (505.1 dsm2), weight of 100 grain (21.8 g), chlorophyll content (50.7) and concentration of potassium in leaves (1.75%) The interaction between the Level 40 Kg K-1 as ground addition and 4000 mg l-1 as foliar application gives the best results in all parameters

This experience was carried out in a private nursery in the city of Baquba / Diyala ,during the growing season 2015 on 3 years old Lemon seedling, to study the effect of rootstock and seaweed extract application on lemon seedlings tolerance to soil salinity . Lemon seedlings budded on two citrus rootstocks(Sour orange , and Swingle Citrumello) grown in three levels of soil salinity (1.14,4.62and 5.30 dSm-1 ) ,soil application with two concentrations of seaweed extract Algex (0 and 0.15g per plant) . Results revealed that the growth traits effected negatively with soil salinity increase, whereas seaweed application caused a significant increase in most growth parameters studied compared with untreated plants. Seedlings budded on swingle citrumello have the superiority over that budded on sour orange in most studied growth parameters .

The experience was carried out at post harvest physiology lab., Horticulture and landscapig department- College of Agriculture, University of Diyala in 27/05/2014 to study the effect of some treatments and drying methods on some qualitative characteristics of apricot fruits c.v. Zagenya, which obtained from an orchards at balad province at salahudeen governorate. Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage (changing the color to yellow) identical and undamaged fruits were selected and divided by two halves to remove seeds. Fruits were dipping before drying with: SO2 at 1g l-1 for 30 min., ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) at 0.5 g l-1 for 15 min., NaOH at 2 g l-1 for 2 min, in addition to control treatment (distilled water). Fruits dried via drying methods (solar, heating room, electrical oven and microwaves). A factorial experiment was applied using C.R.D. with 3 replications (4 kg fresh fruits for each treatment) and the differences were analyzed using Revised L.S.D at 0.05 probability level. The results showed that all treatments and drying methods affected significantly increasing in total sugars level, TSS and decreasing in Carotene content, acidity and coloring degree than it was fresh.

An experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). In loamy sand soil in pot at 9 kg. to study the effect of four isolates for two types of bacteria Azotobacter ( A.chroococcum , A.vinelandii) and four concentrations of water S0, S1, S2, S3 (0,5,7.5,10) dS m-1 on the growth and grain yield of wheat plants (Triticum aestevium L .) the Culture IPA-99. The results showed that there were significant increase in all vegetative growth characteristics plant height, leave area, content of chlorophyll, dry weight of vegetative and root system and grain yield compared without inoculation irrespective with application of salinity. The isolate A14 from A.vinelandii gave higher number of plant height, leave area, contant of chlorophyll, dry weight of shoot and root system and grain yield. The increase of salinity water caused significant decrease in the average of all studied characteristics. Inoculation of pots with A.chroococcum , A.vinelandii caused significantly increased in plant height, leave area, content of chlorophyll ,dry weight of vegetative and root system and grain yield for all of salt levels compared withnot inoculation. The highest values of plant height and leaf area and the content of chlorophyll a, b and the total of chlorophyll had been obtained of the isolation A14 A.vinelandii bacteria isolated from soil salinity.

To study the effect of the use of organic fertilizer and several sources of fertilizer phosphate and different amounts of irrigation water in the plant concentration of Nitrogen and Potassium. Field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Agriculture College - the University of Baghdad. Abu-Ghraib region. at the agricultural season of 2012 using Split Split Plot Design, by using three levels of amounts of irrigation water is 60% and 80% and 100% of the total water requirement for the season, which amounted quantities 405 and 540 and 675 mm, respectively. Two levels of organic fertilizer plant Humo-Bacter A two levels zero and 1.5 Mg h-1 and three sources of phosphate fertilizer (triple super phosphate TSP, di-ammonium phosphate DAP, urea phosphate UP) level of 100 kg ha-1 in three replicates. The results showed no significant differences in Nitrogen concentration in the dry matter and grain at harvest stage in irrigation water amounts (w) of the total water requirement while there were significant differences in potassium concentration in dry matter and grain. Showed results of the experiment the effect of the sources of phosphorus significantly increase the nitrogen and potassium concentration in dry matter and grain in stages of plant growth. the source urea phosphate UP has significantly effect on other sources of phosphorus in increased concentrations of Nitrogen in each of the dry matter and grains, reaching 1.73 % 0 1.99 % respectively, an increase of 46.80% and 7.56%, respectively, compared to the treatment comparison P0 and potassium were 20.19% and 27.77%, respectively

Laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of texture soil and soil organic matter content of some central Iraq soils in the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract values and filtrates soil stuck 1: 1 and 5: 1 water: soil. Find empirical relationship between the proportions of electrical conductivity values of saturated paste extract to the electrical conductivity values for the filtrates of soil stuck (conversion factor). The results showed that there is a polynomial of the first degree relationship of two variables conversion ratio of the water and into the soil coefficient, and these equations can be adopted in the calculation of the conversion of any soil stuck coefficient for the purpose of access to the electrical conductivity value of the saturated paste , as the study showed low electrical conductivity increase dilution with distilled water at the work of plankton, and increase the percentage of satisfying increasing the soil content of Clay.

Studies occupies productivity in developed economies and to unravel growth prominent because of the vital role which is characterized by this concept, so the aim of the research to the study of factors affecting farm productivity in crop progress and measure the technical efficiency and technical change as the most important components of productivity. Adopted a research questionnaire form to provide data randomly collected from 43 farmers from growers sophistication in Diyala province, and to achieve the goals of research was first to examine the relationship between productivity of unit area as the dependent variable and labor and capital as independent variables were the Logarithmic from Function is best estimated functions on according to the economic and statistical indicators and standard and that the total elasticity labor and capital amounted to 1.17 meaning that if increased production elements 10% Van productivity will increase by 11.7% meaning that there is a growing scale returns. To find out the work efficiency has been a second study of the relationship between the labor productivity farm as the dependent variable and the share of working capital and share factor of land cultivated as independent variables were estimated this relationship using eviews7 program came indicated positive and consistent parameters with economic logic any increase worker's share of the capital by 1 % lead to increased productivity by 0.35% and that there is a tradeoff between the two variables. When the Total measure productivity of resources TFP and using the program DEAP was the average change in the overall productivity of 0.98 and 48.2% of the total sample had improvement in efficiency while technical change amounted to an average of 1.51 but also there they have farms decline in the technological level and the inability to maintain a level of productivity With time increase of 28.5% of the sample. The recommended the need to keep pace with technological development and capital increase through the provision of credit facilities and that it is accompanied by the development of the element of interest and work.