IRAQI JOURNAL OF DESERT STUDIES

This study aimed to evaluate The number of pure inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) carried out for two seasons (spring and autumn) of 2019 in the fields of the research station/ agricultural research station in Abo Gharib. Four cytoplasmic male sterile inbred lines (A1, A3, A5 and A7) with their maintenance lines and four genetically fertile inbreds ( Inb2, HZ3, R5 and 18) in addition to the control hybrid (Nahrain) were used. Single hybrids were produced according to line × tester system. All genotypes were planted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates, to analyses general and specific combining ability and estimate the effects and estimation some genetic Parameters for number days of sowing to 50%, leaf area, rows number per ear, kernels number per row , 500-kernel weight and grain yield per plant. Comparison results showed that inbred lines and their single crosses presented significant differences for all studied traits. The hybrids (A1×HZ3), (A1×R5) and (A3×HZ3) scored highest yield (175.1, 172.2 and 172.1) respectively. Obtained results also recorded significant influence of GCA and SCA in most studied traits, And the values of GCA/SCA was less than one, And the percentage of broad sense heritability was high for all traits, while it was low for the narrow sense heritability for all traits as well, which led to a higher average degree of dominance than the correct one, which indicates that the traits were under the influence of the dominance and over dominance of genes, which indicates that the possibility of using superior parents in their speculations to derive Single hybrids with special combinability of field characteristics, yield and components.

This study was carried out at an olive farm located in Habbaniyah, 30 km east of Ramadi, the center of Anbar province in Iraq during the 2020 growing season to study the effect of foliar spraying with boric acid with three concentration levels 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1 and seaweed extract under the trade name Alga600 with four concentration 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L-1 and their interaction in some of the vegetative and chemical characteristics of the olive c.v "Chemlali". The trees were sprayed till run-off on three dates. The first spray in the beginning of March before flowering and fruit set, the second spray after 1 month from the first spray after flowering and before the fruit set and the third spray after 2 month from the first spray after flowering and fruit set. The results showed the positive effect of foliar spraying with boric acid on all the vegetative growth characteristics of the olives, where the concentration 1.0 g L-1 significantly exceeded the rate of increase in branch length, number of leaves, total chlorophyll, dry matter ratio, carbohydrates, nitrogen, C/N and boron in the leaves compared with the control treatment (distilled water), spraying with seaweed extract at a concentration 2.0 g L-1 significantly outperformed most of the traits compared to the comparison treatment , while the interaction treatment (1 g L-1 Boric Acid + 2 g L-1 seaweed extract) was superior in the rate of increase of branch length and total chlorophyll, the percentage of leaves dry weight, total carbohydrates, leaves content of nitrogen and boron, compared to the comparison treatment, (1.0 g L-1 Boric Acid + 1.0 g L-1 seaweed extract) was significantly superior in the number of leaves compared to the treatment (0.5 g L-1 Boric acid + 1.0 g L-1 seaweed extract), which gave the lowest value in the number of leaves in olives.

The study was carried out at the College of Agriculture University of Anbar during the spring season of 2018, the study conducted by using water for irrigation with different electrical conductivity (1.1, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 Decimeters M-1) which marked as W1, W2, W3, and W4. This study has included three experiments. The field experiment used water for irrigation with different electrical conductivity (1.1, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 Decimeters M-1) and three levels of humic acids were used: (0, 20 and 40 kg.H-1) H0, H1 and H2. Also, there are three levels of mono superphosphate fertilizer were used: P0, P1, and P2 (0, 100, and 150 kg. E-1). to estimate of heterosis on some growth properties of onion yield. The results showed decrease for plant's height when the salinity of irrigation water increased. while the leaf’s area, and the stem diameter increased by decreasing salinity at the level 7 decimeters M-1, the leaf's area, and the stem diameter increased increasing by adding humic acid levels and phosphate fertilizer levels. The results showed decrease in the total yield, by increase in the salinity of irrigation water from 1.1 to 7 decimeters M-1, while the total yield was increased by adding humic acid and phosphate fertilizer levels.

The research included that there are large areas whose spatial advantages can be invested in agricultural activity through the spatial suitability of the two elements (water and soil) by following scientific methods and modern technologies that are compatible with the nature of desert environment, in a way that contributes to achieving development, stability and achieving justice. Research is based on modeling (12) randomly selected samples of water and soil which their locations were determined by using (GPS) and examined laboratory. Their results revealed that there is a clear variation in the spatial characteristics according to the nature of the area. The theory of spatial modeling was applied to it by adopting (G.I.S. and remote sensing techniques R.C.) and producing cartographic models that represent the suitability for the characteristics of each element, and the merging of the characteristics in two models representing (water and soil) to reach a final model in which the area was divided into regions (poor, medium, Convenient, and very convenient), according to the advantages of each one.

The agricultural development process is based on providing irrigation water. That is why the Kirkuk irrigation project is one of the important irrigation projects in the region, as the total area of the project is(6318195.978) dunums and the area of agricultural land within the project (2283001.947) dunums, and this is why it is important in agricultural activity. The research aims to present a scientific method in merging the methods of data integration and statistical treatment by applying criteria and weights in order to analyze them spatially, which are used with the techniques of geographic information systems and remote sensing through the detection and analysis of changes in land cover patterns during the two years of the study (1995 and 2016) were use For this purpose, satellite images captured by the (Land Sat7 ETM) multi- Spectra captured on 6/4/1995 and 5/4/2016, all the way to the detection of spatial variance models, agricultural land uses using (Cluster Analysis Morans) which is one of the tools of spatial statistical analysis in geographic information systems, and cartographic models were built reflects the nature of the geographical distribution of agricultural land uses, its spatial variation and its change during the study period, then assessing the adequacy and spatial viability of the land in the area and finally the most important findings of the research.