Journal of Kufa legal and political science

States in general, and democratic ones in particular, seek to prove the legitimacy of the system they adopt through various means, starting with adopting a clearly defined written constitution that relies on a system of distribution of powers, through finding mechanisms to implement the provisions of the constitution and the legislation in force, and ending with questioning those who prove to have failed to perform their legally defined duties or to have jumped over them to achieve private interests. It is noticeable that states that have taken the path of constitutional legitimacy early on always seek to develop their constitutional and legislative system in a way that proves and consolidates this legitimacy. In contrast to states that adhere to individual authority and rule alone in managing the state's resources. Such systems legislate constitutions under their supervision that are born dead, through which they seek to prove the legitimacy of their usurping authority

Iraqi women have touched most aspects of public life for a long time now, and have participated in many aspects of work and have come a long way on the path to liberation from the restrictions of the home, traditions and old inherited customs. The huge task of economic and social development and the requirements of subsequent development and radical transformations in aspects of life in our country and the accomplishment of this great task requires the utmost efforts to mobilize the capabilities of working women alongside men and to prepare the factors of creation and innovation

Iran was a vast empire, encompassing all the regions currently known as Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan. It may have had Egypt, the Levant, some of present-day India and Pakistan, and the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula under its control. No other power was comparable to its power - or (1) the Persian influence was strong in the lands of the Greeks before Christ - except the Roman Empire. As a result of Iran's complete dominance over the peoples of that region, it was able to establish its Persian culture and language in the cultures, languages, and literature of these peoples.

The President of the Republic enjoys broad powers and competencies granted by the Constitution. In light of these vast powers, a question comes to mind about the extent of the President’s responsibility as he exercises his powers, especially since they expand to a greater extent in exceptional circumstances.

The topic of investment is one of the important and new topics in the Iraqi legal system, as there are no sufficient studies in our legal jurisprudence literature that undertake to study this aspect of Iraqi law. The Iraqi legislator has not enacted sufficient laws that regulate the investment process, and if these laws exist, they have not given them the importance they deserve in terms of regulation, both in terms of quantity and quality, and most of them have not found an easy way to implementation. Therefore, studying the investment contract of Najaf International Airport is a new line in the pages of the fields of legal knowledge for this branch of law.

Our current time is characterized by many crises that have taken on a strategic dimension. It has been agreed to call them strategic crises, which represent a direct threat to the future of organizations, individuals, and future plans, which may lead to a catastrophe if they are not dealt with properly. Hence, it has become difficult to manage such crises if their causes are not identified. Crises are considered important and influential events in human life, whether individuals, organizations, or countries. The crisis has become an integral part of human life and constitutes a source of concern for leadership, officials, and citizens alike, due to the difficulty of controlling them due to the sharp and sudden changes in the political, economic, and social environment on the one hand, and the weakness of responsible management in the ability to adopt an appropriate model for the changes on the other hand. Thus, it was necessary to understand crises, their management and the reasons for their emergence with an accurate and clear understanding. This is what we are trying to answer in this research, which consists of three sections. The first section deals with the concept of crises, their types and stages, while the second section deals with the concept of crisis management, its objectives, stages and approach. Then the third section came to deal with the reasons for the emergence of crises. This was surveyed from the point of view of a sample of 51 members of the Iraqi Council of Representatives.

The jurisdiction of the judiciary to consider disputes raised by the application of the provisions of the Nationality Law is one of the issues that has been the subject of wide jurisprudential debate and the subject of various judicial rulings between those who permit and those who reject the jurisdiction of the judiciary to consider it in countries where the legislator has been silent about providing a clear text on the jurisdiction of the judiciary in this regard. Iraq was among these countries until the issuance of the new Iraqi Nationality Law No. 26 of 2006, which granted jurisdiction to consider nationality issues to the Administrative Judiciary Court.

Although crises have occurred since ancient times, in the modern era they have acquired characteristics and qualities that did not exist before, and have become different as a result of the difference in situations and circumstances, as well as the increasing complexity, the intensification of their relationships, and the complexity of their factors and components. As a result, individual decisions have become inappropriate, and crisis management has become a collective management based on an integrated intellectual vision, and it has rules and behavior that require skills, capabilities, and the acquisition of knowledge in order to delve into this field.