iraqi journal for information

The concept ontology, or the science of existence is one of the subjects of philosophy, which includes the study of beings or what is assumed to be existence. This means that ontology is equivalent to metaphysics or met physique. It is a system of contemplative comprehensive definitions in the general theory of existence.
Recently, the term used to denote the origin that may exist in a certain objective domainto refer to the knowledge referred to by men who work in a certain objective domain.
In the last decade of the century, the term was used in the field of information science to denote the ‏blocks building, which is used to aid computers and humans share knowledge. Thus, the term is used in the fields of artificial intelligence, the semantic web, systems engineering, library science, and information architecture as a form of representing knowledge about the world or part of it.
The uses of the concept of ontology have varied in the domain of information science, as they have been used in some used as Taxonomies, which means hierarchical classification of terms in a given subject area as in the tree structure of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
Others are specifications for sets of conceptual properties, such as metadata plans, which are ontologies that specify which elements are used and what these elements mean. Other ontologies are categorically defined terms, which include the semantic analysis of words, where they are placed in categories such as: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, as in net words ontology.
The Arabic ontology, which is a dictionary search engine that represents the largest database in the Arabic language and includes more than 150 dictionaries developed by Birzeit University in the Palestinian city of Ramallah.
This search engine establishes a new way to define the donotations and connotations of words at the content level. Thus, it allows the production of a semantic linguistic dictionary that classifies the meanings of words and trees them so that these meanings and relationships are rooted in each other philosophically and linguistically and represented in the language of logic.
This is in contrast to subject heading lists and thesauri, which tend to use nouns for the terms they contain.
The study aims to demonstrate the uses of the ontology concept in the field of objective analysis through the (UMLS) model (Unified Medical Language System) developed by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM). The UMLS system is a set of files and programs that collect many health and biomedical vocabulary and standards to enable interoperability between computer systems. UMLS can be used to enhance or develop applications, such as electronic health records, classification tools, dictionaries, and language translators. The system includes three main tools called knowledge

The researchers seek to define the e-learning environment and digital platforms in general, studying and listing the digital platforms and communication applications used by faculty members in the three departments of information and knowledge technologies in Iraq, identifying the problems and obstacles they faced, and which of these platforms are the most appropriate and flexible for their courses, by including faculty members in the three departments with a special questionnaire prepared for this purpose, in addition to conducting a number of interviews with the heads of those departments.
The researchers reached a set of results, most notably the variation in the technical level of the faculty members, the need for some scientific curricula in those departments for more time and experience to work in the e-learning and blended learning environment, as well as the faculty members’ needs of receiving more training and develop technical skills to meet their needs. Despite the obstacles and problems, faculty members were able to use digital platforms in the teaching process, deliver scientific material, and complete the academic year with relatively acceptable success, in addition to the availability of the conviction that using platforms is the most appropriate solution to overcome emergency stops and exceptional circumstances, and to help support the educational process within the environment of the traditional or blended system and not as an alternative to it.
A set of recommendations came, most notably seeking to provide all requirements for appropriate infrastructure from software, applications, devices, and supported Internet packages for faculty members and training courses to support their use of platforms, the need to develop a well-thought-out plan on the use of digital platforms in emergency situations and forced holidays, and the need to adopt new evaluation criteria in the work of faculty members that are compatible with the process of transitioning to the electronic system.

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The current research seeks to identify the degree of awareness of students in the Department of Information and Knowledge Technologies concerning the importance of time and the necessity of investing it optimally, what are the time management systems and applications adopted to achieve this, what are the methods adopted to get to know these systems, which ones are most commonly used and what are the characteristics that encourage their use. A survey method is utilized to collect and analyze data, and a questionnaire is adopted to collect data from (39) students.
The most prominent results of the research are: -
1. The primary goal of time management is the optimal investment of time and thus raising and improving the productivity of the individual and society in all levels of life.
2. Most students are aware of the necessity of completing daily assignments on time and the necessity of completing them according to a daily program.
3. Most students have knowledge of time management systems and applications and the ability to invest them correctly.
4. The most used time management system and applications by students is (forest system), and the least used is (kanban system).
The most prominent recommendations of the current research are: -
1. It is necessary for educational institutions in general and universities in particular to strive to build a conscious generation that is aware of the importance of time and its optimal investment through: -
- Consolidating the concept of time, its importance, and its role in constructing the self and developing talents and experiences by including all topics related to it within the syllabus of scientific research methods courses, as it is regarded as the basis of the research achievement.
- Introducing students to the most prominent time management systems and applications, how to use them, and the many features they provide to their beneficiaries, by investing the computing courses and including their syllabus with that information.
- Holding training courses to introduce the importance of time, what are the most prominent methods used in managing and organizing time, and what are the most prominent approved systems and applications managed by a specialist in the field of time management and with the assistance of specialists in computer science, systems and software.
- Urging faculty members to encourage students to make a record for a specific period of time, a week for example, in which they record the procedures for completing their daily activities in general and university assignments in particular, the distribution of hours for them, and how to set priorities for completing them for the purpose of identifying wasted time and trying to invest it.

The study aims at recognizing the influential factors in the mainstreams of the students of the department of information technology and libraries at the technical institute/ Northern Technical University/ Nineveh alongside with students of informatics techniques/ College of Arts/ University of Mosul in doing their major and choosing it as their future career. In this study, a descriptive analytic approach has been used through using a questionnaire technique. That questionnaire is composed of thirty-eight items addressing the satisfaction of students at the department of informatics techniques in Mosul of their specialization assessing four main principles. These principles are: the view of the public towards the specialization and the interest accordingly of the applicant to enroll in it, the subjects and modules taught at the department, building a career “job engagement”, the effect of the major’s title after graduation. The overall sample of the study is one hundred and fourteen students “including males and females” divided as follows: thirty-one BA students at the department of information and informatics techniques, thirty-eight students doing technical diploma from the same department in the academic year of 2022-2023. The study has come up with some conclusions, among them are the following. The main reason that made students choose such a major was the lower grade point average achieved in high school, which is a prerequisite for enrolling other majors requiring higher averages. Most of the students at the department hold a (50-69) average and are graduates of the humanitarian, non- scientific branch of the secondary study. The study recommends establishing advanced programmes for academic supervision for the department of information technology and libraries to motivate students to enroll in the department. Also, it is suggested that the department sets some criteria for accepting students, namely, making an interview with applicants to arrive at their orientations and academic interests while they are looking for departments to enroll.

The research aims to identify “the reality of information security policy” and its protection in the Electronic Computing Center at the Northern Technical University. The research also reviews the definition of “and the concept of information security and its historical development,” its importance and goals, “its functions, characteristics, elements, and components,” its stages and types of information security, its principles, requirements, fields, and measures. Safe Information and its role in preserving and protecting information. The research also shows the most prominent effects in protecting information, data and infrastructure, as well as information stored on computers and the possibility of providing the best means of protection for it. The aim of the research is the possibility of identifying “information security policy procedures” and identifying methods of protecting it “and identifying the most important Risks and threats in all institutions and defining concepts related to information and data security. The research took the “descriptive” survey method in preparing it to suit the nature of the research and study.
The research reached some results, which are as follows:
1_ It was found that the Electronic Calculator Center has a written and planned policy for information security that is followed in accordance with international standards, in addition to effective procedures to reduce risks, and that the university administration has a desire to implement a “solid policy for information security” to protect data.
2_It was found that the Computer Center uses encryption policy, for example digital signature, in exchanging information and systems Detecting breaches before they occur to protect data stored in servers from hacking.
The study recommends some recommendations, which are as follows:
1_ Overcoming the difficulties in conducting risk analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses when dealing with information. The center must be able to analyze the causes of information security risks and address them. And take all security measures.
2_Work on finding intrusion detection systems that repel any attack that disrupts service. It is also possible to provide programs through which a warning comes from any unauthorized site from anywhere in the world.